Animal Production (E-Journal, JAP)
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The Effect of Urea and Sulphur Level in Mixing of Cassava Waste Fermented and Soybean Cake waste on Nitrogen Balance and Digestibility of Energy of Local Male Sheep
No full textCassava waste and soybean cake waste are by - product from home industry that have been used as animal feed. It contain high crude fibber, there fore it must be processed or added with another nutrients before feeding to animal to get a good performance. A research have been conducted in Experimental Farm and Laboratory Animal of Feed and Nutrition, Animal Science Faculty, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto at October- Nopember 2001. The purpose of the research is to find the effect of urea and sulfur level in mixing of cassava waste fermented and soybean cake waste on nitrogen balance and digestibility of energy of local male sheep. Eighteen local male sheep were divided into 3 group based of the body weight. There are I = 18.55±1.27 kg, II = 15.79±0.67 kg and III = 13.41±1.33 kg. Two level of urea (2% and 3%) and three level of sulfur (0 %, 0.15 % and 0.30%) dry matter concentrate used as treatments, there fore factorial  design 2x3 with Randomized Block Design used this experiment All of treatment received same diet consist land grass and concentrates with 70:30 dry matter ratio. Concentrates consists cassava waste fermented and soybean cake waste with 77.50:22.50 dry matter ratio. Dry matter intake was 4 % body weight. Observed variables were nitrogen balance and digestibility of energy by using total collection. Variance analysis was used for knowing the effect treatment on the variable observed. The result of the research shown that level of urea and sulfur are not significant interaction on the nitrogen balance and digestibility of energy. However level urea and sulfur itself are significant on nitrogen balance linearly. Level urea also had significant effect on the energy digestion. Balance nitrogen of all treatment is positive. Level of urea 3 % and sulfur 0.30% gave a good balance nitrogen and energy digestion. It can be concluded that addition of urea and sulfur in diet containing fermentable carbohydrates can increase balance nitrogen (N retention) and energy digestion. (Animal Production 3(2): 91-97 (2001)Key Words: Balance nitrogen, energy digestion, cassava waste and soybean cake wast
Industry Through Reinforcement of Institution and Human Power Resource
No full textThe failure of small scale animal farm industry development was indicated by the decreasing of animal farm number and the high price of their product. This failure has an effect into increasing of unemployment, decreasing of animal protein available and animal population because of the high rate of animal slaughtering and the high cost need to buy animal from other countries. This report was aimed to know the strategy on developing of stand alone small scale animal farm. This study based on literature study, panel discussion and interview. The result showed that the development of human power resource was the factor to decide the first priority in developing stand alone small scale animal farm. In the past the government policy always stussed in provision of capital for animal husbandry bussines developing, so it has never been the main priority. (Animal Production 2(2): 60-68 (2000)Â Key words : developing and reinforcemen
The Concentration of Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu and Se in Fiber Fractions of Legumes in Indonesia
Get PDFThis study was carried out to evaluate concentration of micro minerals (Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu and Se) of forages and their distribution in fiber fraction (neutral detergent fiber/NDF and acid detergent fiber/ADF) in West Sumatra during dry and rainy seasons. Four species of common legume namely Leucaena leucocephala, Centrocema pubescens, Calopogonium mucunoides and Acacia mangium were collected at native pasture during rainy and dry seasons. The results showed that micro minerals concentration of forages and their distribution in fiber fraction varied among species and season. In general, concentration of micro minerals was slightly higher in rainy season compared to dry season either in legumes forages. Data on legume forages showed that 75% of legumes were deficient in Zn and Mn, 62.5 % deficient in Cu and 50 % deficient in Se. There was no species of legume deficient in Fe. Distribution of micro minerals in NDF and ADF were also significantly affected by species and season and depends on the kinds of element measured. Generally, micro minerals were associated in fiber fractions and it yield much higher during dry season compared to rainy season. Iron (Fe) and selenium (Se) in forages were the highest elements associated in NDF and ADF, while the lowest was found in Copper (Cu). (Animal Production 12(2): 105-110 (2010)Keywords: Seasons, forages, micro mineral distribution, fiber fractio
The Effect of Fructose Addition in Semen Extender on Quality of Separation of Garut Ram Sperm in Several Storage Length
Get PDFThe objective of the research were to find out the effect of fructose addition in semen extender to the quality of separation Garut ram sperm and their length viability (up to 40% motility) in cool storage. Research design was split plot with four treatments of fructose addition in coconut water extender as a main plot i.e.: 1% (P1); 1.25% (P2); 1.50 (P3) and 1.75% (P4) and the length of sperm viability in cool storage (0; 3rd ; 6 th;9 th;12 th and 15 th hour), as a subplot. Each treatment was repeated five times. Sperm separation was done by albumin column method with 10 % concentration in top layer and 30% in lower layer. Parameters of research were sperm motility and abnormality after separation. Research result showed that addition of 1.75% fructose  has the best sperm motility of  57.18± 1.43% and abnormality of 5.76±0.20% in 12 hours cool storage (top layer of albumin column). Sperm motility of 57.62 ± 0.65 % and abnormality of 4.35 ± 0.25% in 12 hours cool storage (lower layer of albumin column). As a conclusion, addition of fructose in coconut water semen extender has positive influenced on sperm quality. (Animal Production 11(3): 196-201 (2009)Key Words: fructose, sperm quality, extender, Garut ra
The Effect of Secang Wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Extract to Number of Iodine and Peroxide of Groundnut Cake
No full textThis research aimed to analyze the ability of secang wood extract (EKS) to retain the degradation rate of iodine number and to decelerate the peroxide number the represents the occurrences of damage at groundnut cake (BKT) during its storage. Research conducted by experimental method using completely randomized design with 7x5 factoria. Number of iodine and number of peroxide of groundnut cake were assessed. Result showed that with the application of secang wood extract, a 60 days stored groundnut cake had a higher number of iodine and lower number of peroxide compared to both, control, and BKT treated with hydroxytoluene butylated (BHT) 0.1% and benzoate natrium (NB) 0.1%.  (Animal Production 7(3): 150-155 (2005) Key Words : Groundnut cake, Iodine, Peroxid
The Synchronization of Estrous in Sheep and Goats
No full textThe review of estrous synchronization was biologically, hormonally, and laserly to studied in the sheep and goat. The observed parameters of the synchronization of estrous in sheep and goat were the onset and the length of estrous. The result of this research shows that the hormonal synchronization of estrous results in the presence of estrous in 30-42 hours after the withdrawal of the sponges; while in goat it is in the average of 35.13±9.9 hours. Than the length of estrous in sheep was 30-48 hours and in goat the average was 36.00±14.96 hours. The synchronization of estrous by Laserpuncture results in the presence of estrous in goat 43.94-59.75 hours after the given laser beam (Animal Production 2(1): 1-8.Key Words: the synchronization of estrous, sheep, goat
Influence of Non-fibrous Carbohydrate and Degradable Intake protein and Ruminal Fermentation ,Nutrien Digestion and performance of Local Sheep
No full textThe objective of current study was to evaluate the impact dietary non-fibrous carbohydrate ( NFC) and ruminally degradable intake protein (DIP) concentration have on ruminal fermentation , nutrient digestion and performance of local sheep. The animal had a mean of  liveweight 19.80 ±1.55 kg. four diets ,arranged in a 2x2 factorial ,were formulated to contain either 40 or 50 % NFC and 50 or 60 % of dietary crude protein as DIP .dietary DM contained 25 % Indonesian field grass and 75 % concentrate. Solvent –extracted or formaldehyd  2 % -treated soybean meal were used to alter DIP and corn or soybean hulls to alter NFC level. Percentage of energy and NDF digestion was similar ( p<0,01) as DIP level decreased in the diets. The soybean hulls was fermentable and total VFA concentration in the rumen increased ( p<0.01), but N-NH3 concentration was decreased ( p<0.01) as DIP level decreased in the diets. Daily live weight gain ( 146.29±25.84 g) and body composition ( fat, water , protein and mineral) was similar ( p<0.05) among diets. The preponderance ruminal fermentation ,nutrient digestion and performance of local sheeps did not be improved by sincronization of energy and nitrogen release but may more likely be limited by either energy or nitrogen alone. (Animal Production 3(2): 53-61 (2001)Key Word : Carbohydrate, protein, rumen fermentation, nutrients digestion and performanc
Comparative Study on the Quality of Friesian Holstein Frozen Semen Treated with Extender from Various Artificial Insemination Centre in Indonesia
No full textThe aim of this research was to compare the quality of Friesian Holstein (FH) frozen semen bull using extender from various artificial center in Indonesia. Fifteen ejaculates from 3 FH bulls were collected using artificial vagina twice a week. Collected semen then evaluated macro and microscopically. Good quality semen diluted using 4 different extenders which was extender from artificial insemination center I (BIB I); II (BIB II); commercial extender Andromedâ (Minitab, Germany) based on Soya lecithin (KK) and tris egg yolk extender (TF), original receipt from Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB. Extended semen then packed into minitub straws 0.3 ml with the concentration of 25 million sperm each. The straw then equilibrated at 4 oC for 4 hours, freeze in the liquid nitrogen vapor for 10 minutes and the stored in liquid nitrogen container -196oC. After 24 hours, semen then thawed at 37oC for 30 second. Percentage of sperm motility, live and morphology were observed on raw, diluted post equilibrated and post thaw semen respectively. The data were analyzed using statistical analysis system (SAS) 6.12 version. Result showed that diluted and after equilibrated semen diluted with BIB II extender was significantly lower (P<0.01) on the percentage of sperm motility than other extender.  The highest percentage was KK extender (57.90%), BIB I (52.09%), TF (46.36%), and BIB II (26.09%). The influence of different extender on the percentage of live sperm was significantly different (P<0.05) after equilibration. BIB II showed the lowest percentage compare with other extender. After semen were thawed, percentage of live sperm shows highly significant different among extender (P<0.01). The highest percentage of live sperm was KK (72.76%), BIB I (69.77%), TF (64.05%), and BIB II (51.28%) respectively. The highest percentage of sperm abnormality was on KK extender (6.98%) and the lowest was on TF extender (4.78%). Based on the material of frozen semen calculation per straw, the most expensive straw was BIB I (Rp 1158.17); followed by KK (Rp 715.00); TF (Rp 671.35 ) and BIB II (Rp 653.52).  In conclusion, this result indicate that KK extender has a good post thawed sperm quality with the moderate price. (Animal Production 7(3): 168-176 (2005) Key Words: Artificial Insemination, Thawing, Lecithin, Extende
Increasing Goat Productivity Through the Improvement of Endogenous Secretion of Pregnant Hormones Using Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Get PDFAbstract. Previous studies reported that the improvement of endogenous estrogen and progesterone secretions during gestation improved fetal prenatal growth, birth weight, mammary gland growth and development, milk production, litter size, pre- and post-weaning growths. An experiment was conducted to apply the improvement of endogenous secretion of pregnant hormones during pregnancy to increase goat productivity. Thirty-six female ettawah-cross does were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (control: 18 does) included does without improvement of endogenous secretion of pregnant hormones and Group 2 (treatment: 18 does) included does with improvement of endogenous secretion of pregnant hormones using follicle stimulating hormones to stimulate super ovulation. The application of this technology increased total offspring born (control: 25 offspring; treatment: 42 offspring), average litter size (control: 1.88; treatment: 2.33), offspring birth weight (control: 2.85±0.50 kg; treatment: 3.82±0.40 kg), and does milk production (control: 1.36±0.34 L/does/day; treatment: 2.10±0.21 L/does/day). Offspring born to does with improved endogenous secretion of pregnant hormones had better weaning weight (control: 11.17±1.99 kg/offspring; treatment: 14.5±1.11 kg/offspring). At weaning period, does with improved endogenous secretion of pregnant hormones produced offspring with total weaning weight twice as heavy as control does (control: 189.9 kg; treatment: 403.6 kg). By a simple calculation of economic analysis, this technology application could increase gross revenue per does until weaning by Rp. 432.888,89. It was concluded that this technology is economically feasible to be applied in small-scale farm.Key Words: follicle stimulating hormone, pregnant hormones, endogenous secretion, super ovulation, ettawah-cross doe
The Improving Quality of Concentrate Diet with Fibrolytic Enzyme and Its Effect on Rumen Metabolism and Blood Parameter of Fattening Holstein Male
No full textSuatu  penelitian  telah dilakukan untuk  mengevaluasi peningkatan kualitas pakan konsentrat pada penggemukan sapi jantan Holstein dengan enzim selulase komplek terhadap metabolisme rumen dan parameter darah. Dua belas ekor sapi jantan Holstein dengan umur 12 bulan dibagi dalam tiga kelompok berdasarkan bobot awal dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Sebagai perlakuan adalah pakan A, B, C dan D. Pakan A adalah kontrol yang tersusun atas rumput gajah, dedak padi, bungkil biji kapas, dedak sorgum, ampas tahu, onggok dan mineral mix dengan komposisi (%BK) berturut-turut adalah 30; 18; 17,5; 23; 4,5; 6 and 1. Pakan B, C dan D mempunyai bahan dan komposisi seperti pakan A, tetapi dedak padi pada B, bungkil biji kapas pada C dan baik dedak maupun bungkil biji kapas pada D disuplementasi dengan enzim celulase 1,5 g kg-1 BK 24 jam sebelum pemberian pakan. Proporsi propionat (C3) cenderung (P>0,05) meningkatbila dedak padi disuplementasi dengan enzim (B) dan sebaliknya pada (C). Oleh karena itu, efisiensi energi juga cenderung meningkat pada sapi yang diberi pakan B. Tidak terjadi perberdaan yang nyata dari penambahan enzim selulase terhadap N-NH3 rumen dan cenderung tinggi pada C dan D. Penambahan enzim pada bungkil biji kapas cenderung menekan plasma urea walaupun kandungan protein pada pakan ini tinggi. Glukosa darah berturut-turut untuk pakan A, B, C dan D adalah 83,15, 88,25, 82,30 and 88,60 mg/L. Penambahan enzim pada bungkil biji kapas cenderung menurunkan glukosa darah pada pakan C. Disimpulkan bahwa penambahan enzim selulase pada dedak padi tidak mengganggu metabolisme rumen dan cenderung untuk memperbaiki energi efisiensi. (Animal Production 7(3): 127-134 (2005) Kata Kunci: Enzim, Selulase, VFA, Glukosa, Energi