Animal Production (E-Journal, JAP)
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Livestock Development Based on Local Resources to Decreasing of Dependency Level and Improve of Community Economics
No full textTo decrease the level of dependency on import goods, it is necessary to develop local based animal husbandry. This action has an important meaning in order to improve community economics in Indonesia.  Some ideas to motivate the development of the local based animal husbandry, are: first, mapping of the local resources, including specific superior local animals. Second, to support the continuity of feedstuffs production. Third, germ plasm / genuine animal conservation. Fourth, publication of popular scientific magazine and , Fifth, development of integrated farming system, horizontally as well as vertically, and market strategi. Finally, the key factor is human resources, so the empowerment of farmers is necessary to grow- up the local based animal husbandry. (Animal Production 3(2): 74-82 (2001) Key Words: Animal husbandry, local resources, dependency, community economics
The Effects of Branched Chain Volatile Fatty Acids on Reduced Sugar and Branched Chain Amino Acid Concentration of Substrates that Fermented by Aspergillus oryzae
No full textA study was conducted to know the reduced sugar and branched chain amino acids concentration in substrate that fermented by Aspergillus oryzae. Branched chain amino acids represent amino acids that are very important for microorganism development, including yeast and ruminal microorganism as well as for the growth of the ruminant animal. The study was conducted using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). There were five kinds of supplements that were added into the media. So, that this experiment were A: control, B: A + 0.5% urea, C: B + 1% extract of cassava leaves, D: C + 1% isobutyrate, and E: D + 1.3% 2-methilbutyrate. There were five replicates in each treatment. The measured variables in these study were, colonies cell biomass of A. oryzae, reduced sugar, Crude Protein, and branched chain amino acid concentration. The results showed that the highest number of colonies, concentration of reduce sugar, and concentration of branched chain amino acids was obtain from the substrate of treatments D. (Animal Production 4(2): 83-88 (2002)Â Key words : Branched Chain Amino Acids, Branched Chain Volatile Fatty Acids, Aspergillus oryza
Progesterone Profiles During the Estrous Cycle and Pregnancy of Grazing Bali Cows Supplemented with Concentrate
Get PDFThe influence of concentrate during estrous cycle and pregnancy on pattern of progesterone were studied. Seventeen calf-rearing cows were devided randomly into two groups, group A (N=9 were grazed on natural pasture as basal diet, whereas goup B (n=8) received additional 2.4 kg concentrate consists of 1.2 kg corn meal, 0.6 kg rice bran and 0.6 coconut cake. Animals from each group were closely observed for estrous characteristics i.e. estrus detection two times a day by two experienced technisians. Blood sample taken 3-times per week from jugular vein were used for assessing plasma progesterone concentrations using RIA procedure. Plasma progesterone concentrations were not influenced by concentrate supplementation neither during successive estrous cycles nor during pregnancy. The concentrations began to rise on day 4 of the cycle (1.9 ng/mL and 1.8 ng/mL) and increased to concentrations as high as 5.4 ng/mLÂ and 5.1 ng/mL for supplemented and non-supplemented cows during the luteal phase (day 12) before returning to basal levels i.e. 0.1 ng/mL and 0.1 ng/mL, before ovulation. Following conception, plasma progesterone increased from 0,16 ng/mL and 0.21 ng/mL at estrus to 3.6 ng/mL and 2.73 ng/mL at week-1 and then rose to 5.09 and 4.57 ng/mL at week-2 for NS and S groups, respectively. Aftewards, progesterone continued to rise to 5,46 ng/mL and 5.17 ng/mL on week-3, and then reached 6.25 and 5.3 ng/mL for non-supplemented and supplemented cow, respectively. During 10 weeks pre-calving period, progesterone levels declined gradualli achieving levels 2.83 ng/mL and 2.87 ng/mL in the non-supplemented and supplemented groups, respectively, declined markedly 1 to 2 days prior to parturition and remained at these levels before reaching the basal level after parturition. (Animal Production 11(2): 79-87 (2009)Â Key Words: Bali cows, progesterone, estrous cycle, pregnanc
The Development of National Beef-Cattle Population in Relation to Beef-Cattle Population at the Centre and Non Centre Area, and the Policy of National Development Program
No full textThe objectives of this research were (1) to find out the development of beef-cattle population at national level, at the Centre Area of Population (CAP) and Non Centre Area of Population (NCAP), (2) to assess the relation between population of national beef-cattle and beef-cattle population at CAP and NCAP, (3) to study the policy of beef-cattle development program in Indonesia. The target of this study addressed to the Directorate General of Livestock Services, Republic of Indonesia. A literature review and communication methods were applied in this study. Descriptive and regression analysis were used for data analysis.  The study revealed that: (1) During 1995-2005, beef-cattle population at national level, CAP and NCAP were unstable. Due to financial crises (1997), the population at national and CAP tended to decrease, but the population at NCAP was relatively constant. During 2003-2005, national population tended to increase (0.83% per year), and that figure was less than national target (1.05%), (2) Population of national beef-cattle (Y) was highly related (r2: 0,95; MSE: 108508) to the population of beef-cattle at NCAP (X); Y = 4764492 + 0.896 X; (3) An increase in beef-cattle population during 2000-2005 was due to an increase in calving and cattle importation. Slaughtering of cows should be controlled to increase calving. The evaluation results of beef self-sufficiency program revealed that there were failures in achieving main goals of the program. It is recommended that to improve the contribution of CAP to national needs, the development of cattle population should be focused in those areas. The evaluation results of beef self-sufficiency program could be considered in the future policy in term of the development cattle population. Some causes of the policy failures: (1) the formulated policy was not equipped with detailed operation plans. The program formulation was limited to title and goal without elaborating the way to achieve the goal; (2) the programs prepared by the government were on national level with top down approaches but only at small scale considering the goal that were going to be achieved; (3) With only one common implementation strategy without considering the regional potential but based on prime commodity instead. Therefore, the program were scattered in very small sizes; and (4) The programs implementation were not carried out with methods that can be evaluated whether they were achieved or not and the program can not be adjusted to suit the local conditions. (Animal Production 8(3): 182-189 (2006) Key Words: Indonesia, beef-cattle population, beef-cattle development progra
Milk Tofu Onde Quality
No full textThe study on “The Quality of Milk Tofu Onde†observed from its crispiness,colour,taste and texture was conducted to socialise the product of milk. Onde is a kind of snack which is popular in Indonesia and it easy to produce with simple eguipment. As much as 562.5 gs fresh milk tofu, 562.5 gs wither milk tofu and 1500 gs of wheat flour for the purpose of study. Data on crispiness, colour, taste and texture of milk tofu ande expressed in score, were obtained through 20 panelists and was analized with Randomized Group Design followed by an orthogonal polynomial teast. The first factors were sort of tofu (T) e.i fresh milk tofu and wither milk tofu. The second factors were level of tofu (S) e.i 50 percent, 75 percent and 100 percent of wheat flour or their proportion (g) were (125:125); (187.5:62.5); (100:0). The study showed that milk tofu onde from wither milk more crispy significantly (P>0.01) than those from fresh milk.  The level of tofu gave a significant effect (P>0.01) on crispiness. This was shown by a quadrater  regression of : Y1 = c9.0712 + 0.5093X c 0.0030X2 and Y2 = c3.3865 + 0.4949X c 0.0033X2 for fresh milk tofu and wither milk tofu respectively. Milk tofu onde from wither milk more brownnes significantly (P>0.01) than those fron fresh milk. The level of  tofu gave a significant effect (P>0.01) on colour. This was shown by a linier regression of Y1 = 8.4244 + 4.4625x and Y2 = 8.7734  + 10.0745X for fresh milk tofu and wither milk tofu respectively. Milk tofu onde from wither milk more delicious significantly (P>0.01) than those from fresh milk. The level of tofu gave a significant effect (P>0.01) on taste. This was shown by a linier regressions of Y1 = 8.3383 + 0.0422 X and by a quadrater regression of Y2 = 3.5200 + 0.5156 X – 0.0033 X2 for fresh milk tofu and wither milk tofu respectively. Texture of milk tofu onde from fresh milk more dense significantly (P>0.01) than tose from wither milk. The level of tofu gave a significant effect (P>0.01) on texture. This was shown by a linier regressions of Y1= 5.4150 + 11.9630 X and Y2= 10.7880 + 1.5633 X for fresh milk tofu and wither milk tofu respectively. The study indicated that milk tofu onde from wither milk being more crispy, brownness, delicious and denseless texture than those from fresh milk. The best level of milk tofu was 75% on daugh. (Animal Production 4(1): 11-20 (2002)Key words : “Milk tofu ondeâ€, crispines
Calcium Alginate and Salt/Phosphate as Binding Agents in Restructured Lamb
No full textA study on  restructurization of lamb meat using several binding agents were conducted. Objectives of the study were evaluate  effectivity of Ca–alginate, salt and phosphate as binding agent and their effect on physical properties of the restructured meat stored at -20â°C for up to 12 weeks. Three binding agents were added to the restructured products, which include NaCl 0.3 %/ NTPP 0.3 %; alginate 0.5 %/Ca-lactate 0.5%; NaCl 0.3 % / NTPP 0.5 %/alginate 0.5% and no binding agent as a control. The products were evaluated at 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks of storage. The result showed that treatment with alginate 0.5%/Ca-lactate 0.5% had the least purge loss value of 4.3±0.2%. The least cooking losses of 30.2±3.79% and the highest shear force 61.6±13.77 N. (Animal Production 3(1): 20-25 (2001)Key Words: Alginate/Ca-lactate, purge loss, cooking losses, shear force
Isolation and Identification of the Chitinolytic Bacteria from Rumen Ecosystem
No full textRumen is an interesting ecosystem for microbial exploration and their products. Isolation of the chitinolytic bacteria from the rumen ecosystem found 109 colonies that produced clear zone, 84 colonies (86%) anaerobic and 17 colonies (14%) aerobic. Clear zone appeared in the third and fourth days incubation. Four potential isolates were chosen for identification purposes. Results showed that the bacteria were sticky, gram-positive, motile, endospore-forming, mesophilic and aerobic. It was supposed to Bacillus spp. the optimal pH and temperature to produce chitinase from isolate 18 are pH 6.0 and temperature of 35-40ºC. Divalent cations Mg, Ca, Zn, and Mn increase chitinase activity, while Cu and Co inhibit enzyme activity. When isolate 18 was grown on shrimp waste meal, it showed aptimal activity on the fifth days incubation. (Animal Production 5(2): 73-78 (2003) Key Words : Isolation, Identification, Chitinolytic Bacteria, Rume
Effects of Electrical Stimulation with Different Impulses on Physical Characteristics of Rabbit Meat
Get PDFMeat becoming less tender with age. One of the methods to increase the meat tenderness is by electrical simulation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of electrical simulation with different level of impulses on physical characteristics of rabbit meat. Twenty carcasses of Flemish Giant rabbit were randomly subjected into four differents treatments (impulse levels), which were control, impulse 25, impulse 50, and impulse 75. Each treatment was repeated 5 times. Measured variables were pH, tenderness, water holding capacity, and cooking lose. The results showed that different levels of electrical stimulation had significant effects on the physical characteristics of rabbit meat. Higher impulse level caused lower ultimate pH and more tender meat. Overall, the best physical characteristics of rabbit meat was obtained from electrical stimulation with impulse level of 50. (Animal Production 12(2): 124-127 (2010)Key Words : electrical stimulation, tenderness, rabbit, mea
DIETARY ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID SUPPLEMENTATIONS (In a Sex and Growth-Phase Split Feeding in Pig )
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki pengaruh suplementasi ransum dasar (BD, ransum kontrol yang disusun menurut NRC, 1988) dengan asam amino esensial lysine, methionin, threonine (SD1 dan SD2, ransum perlakuan) terhadap konsumsi ransum dan kinerja pada ternak babi. Bahan utama ketiga ransum terdiri dari tepung barley, gandum, dan kedele. Masing-masing ransum mengandung kadar protein kasar (18% untuk grower dan 16,5% untuk finisher) dan enerji (14,2 MJ/kg). Ransum diberikan dengan cara dipecah (splitted) menurut periode pertumbuhan (grower dan finisher) dan jenis kelamin (jantan dan betina ). Ransum kg BB dan SDI dipecah menjadi 2 fase pemberian (grower: 20 - 60 kg berat badan (BB), dan finisher: 60 - 105 kg BB), ransum SD2 dipecah menjadi 4 fase pemberian (grower I: 20 - 40 kg, grower II:  40 - 60 kg, finisher I : 60 - 80 kg, dan finisher II: 80 - 105 kg BB).Babi dengan berat awal 20 kg sebanyak 72 ekor (36 jantan dan 36 betina) dikandangkan dengan kondisi lingkungan yang serupa (200C) selama penelitian. Suplementasi ransum dasar dengan asam amino esensial tidak mempengaruhi konsumsi ransum harian (2,49, 2,43, dan 2,36 kg masing-masing untuk BD, SD1 dan SD2, P>0,05). Babi pada masa pertumbuhan finisher mengonsumsi ransum harian terbanyak (2,77 - 2,83 kg) dibanding masa pertumbuhan lainnya (P<0,01). Babi jantan cenderung mengonsumsi  ransum harian lebih banyak (P<0,11) dibanding babi betina (2,49 kg vs. 2,36 kg). Babi yang diberi ransum yang diperkaya dengan asam amino tumbuh lebih cepat (0,93 dan 0,96 kg/hari untuk SD1 dan SD2) dibanding babi yang diberi ransum kontrol (0,82 kg/hari), P<0,01. Pertumbuhan tercepat terjadi pada masa awal finisher (60 - 80 kg BB), yaitu 1,07 kg/hari, sedangkan kecepatan pertumbuhan pada masa pertumbuhan yang lain sebanding(0,85; 0,86; dan 0,83 kg/hari). Babi yang diberi ransum yang diperkaya dengan asam amino esensial dapat menggunakan ransum dengan lebih efisien (2,68 dan 2,58 kg ransum/kg PBB untuk SD1 dan SD2) dibanding babi yang diberi ransum kontrol (3,03 kg ransum/kg PBB), P<0.01. Diantara masa pertumbuhan, awal masa pertumbuhan grower (20-40kg BB) mempunyai efisiensi penggunaan ransum tertinggi(2,16 kg ransum/kg PBB) dan akhir masa pertumbuhan finisher (80-105 kg BB) mempunyai nilai efisiensi terendah(3,55 kg ransum/kg PBB),P<0.01. Babi jantan cenderung lebih efisien dalam menggunakan ransum dibanding babi betina (2,66 vs 2,87 kg ransum/kg PBB), P<0,09. (Animal Production 4(1): 1-10 (2002) Kata kunci: Ransum, suplementasi,asam amino, babi, konsumsi, kinerj
The Food Safety of Livestock Products (Meatball, Corned Beef, Beef Burger and Sausage) Studied from Heavy Metal Residues Contamination
Get PDFThe aims of animal husbandry improvements are to increase both the quality and the quantity of livestock production and to ensure the safety of the product. It is necessarry for  consumers to pay attention to the food safety of livestock product because it is related to human's health. The research was conducted to determine the food safety of livestock product condition by detecting heavy metal residues on several food products from livestock like meatball, corned beef, burger’s beef, and sausages. This research was explored by using survey's method and purposive technique sampling, then the resulted data were descriptively analyzed. The observed variables were heavy metal contents such as Plumbum (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) in which being measured by using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometri ). The result showed that in general, heavy metal residue of Pb from several livestock products (meatball, corned beef, beef burger, and sausages) were smaller than Maximum Residue Limit (MRL), while the Cd’s residue was partly over the MRL concentration, therefore further action has to be taken as it affects the human's health. (Animal Production 12(1): 50-54 (2010) Key words : food safety,  MRL, heavy metal Pb, Cd