Animal Production (E-Journal, JAP)
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The Effect of Shelter on Semen Quality of “Peranakan Ettawa†Goat
No full textThe experiment was conducted to study the effect of shelter on semen quality of  Peranakan Ettawa (PE) Goats Eight PE goats were allocated into cross over design. Four PE goats were placed under no shelter (09.00-14.30) and another one was placed under shelter. The results of this research showed that semen volume, sperm motility, sperm concentration, and live sperm percentage of PE goat under shelter were higher (P<0.01) than those of PE goat under no shelter. On the other hand, sperm abnormality of PE goat under shelter was lower (P<0.01) than that of PE goat under no shelter. It was concluded that the use of shelter could improve semen quality. (Animal Production 9(2): 73-78 (2007) Key Words :  Shelter, semen, goa
Nutrient Characteristics and Fermented Rice Straw Degradation by Lignolitic TLiD and BopR Inoculums
Get PDFThe research has been conducted to evaluate the nutrition’s characteristic and degradation of rice straw fermented  with lignolitic inokulum in different incubation time. Rice straw fermentation with lignolitik isolates increase the dry matter and crude protein content compare with dried fermented rice straw. On the other hand, fermentation decrease organic matter, crude fiber, and cellulose contents. The decreasing of OM, CF, and cellulose were lower than lignin. The fermentation with lignolitik inoculum increase the value of DM and OM degradation of rice straw in parameter non-soluble water fraction but degradable potentially(b), potensial of degradation (a+b) dan degradation time (c) BK dan BO but non significant to parameter water soluble fractions (a). Fermentation with lignolitik inoculum increase the nutritive value and degradation rice strwa and the best treatment was combination of  TLiD dan BOpR inoculums in three days incubation. (Animal Production 11(1): 1-7 (2009) Key Words: rice straw, rice straw fermented, lignolitik, lignin biodegradation, nutritio
Genetic-Phenotypic Variability and Correlation between Morphology-Anatomy-Physiology Characteristics and Dry Matter Yield of Polyploidized Forage Grasses under Aluminum Stressed Condition
No full textThe study was conducted with the aim to know the genetic-phenotypic variability (heritability value), and correlation between morphology-anatomy-physiology characters and dry matter yield (DMY) of polyploidized forage grasses under aluminum (Al) stressed condition. A total of 16 forage grass genotypes (polyploid and diploid Brachiaria brizantha, Brachiaria decumbens, Setaria sphacelata, Setaria splendida, Panicum muticum, Panicum maximum, Pennisetum purpureum, and Pennisetum purpupoides) were subjected to Al-stressed (16 mM Al2(SO4)3). The treatments were allotted to a Randomized Completely Block Design with monofactorial pattern (genotypes) and 5 blocks in each treatment. The morphology-anatomy-physiology characteristics evaluated were plant height, leaf number, tiller number, leaf color, chlorophyll content, stomata number, chloroplast number, leaf nitrate reductase activity, dry matter, wet matter yield, dry matter yield, stress tolerance index and pH media. Results showed the polyploidization increased stress tolerance index of grasses. The genetic-phenotypic variability (heritability value) estimates for all morphology-anatomy-physiology characteristics were high. Most morphology-anatomy-physiology characteristics, except leaf number, chlorophyll content and chloroplast number, had significant correlation to dry matter yield. In conclusion, evaluation on selection progress of dry matter yield of forage grasses can be effectively done by selection for yield of wet matter, plant height, leaf color, branch number, stomata number, leaf nitrate reductase activity, pH media, and dry matter simultaneously. (Animal Production 9(1): 23-29 (2007) Key Words: selection, genetic-phenotypic variability, forage grass, aluminum stres
The effect of Tea Misletoe (Scurrula oortiana) Stem Extract as Immuno-Modulator on Oncogenic Marek’s Disease Virus Infection
No full textMarek’s disease virus (MDV) is one of oncogenic herpesvirus. It causes immunosupresion and cancer in chicken. Several plants produce bioactive compounds which are very useful for treatment of many disease, especially hiperproliveration and virus infection. This study was aimed to find out mechanism of immuno-modulatory capacity in layer commercial chicken administered orally with extract of tea parasite (Scurrula oortiana) in dose of 10 mg/kg BW through drinking water, then the chicken were infected by intraperitoneal oncogenic MDV in dose of 1,0 x103 TCID50. The study used 60 layer commercial day old chicks (DOC) divided into four group treatments. The treatments were group A (administered S. oortiana extract and without MDV infection), B (neither S. oortiana nor MDV infection), C (administered S. oortiana extract and with MDV infection), and D (without administered S. oortiana extract, but with MDV infection). Results showed that MDV oncogenic caused immunosupresion at a day post infection (p.i) and recovery to be normal based on relative weight of bursa Fabricius and thymus at 40 days p.i. The extract of S. oortiana had a capability as an immunomodulator indicated by the increase of relative weight of bursa Fabricius and thymus at day 20 days p.i. (Animal Production 9(2): 172-177 (2007) Key Words: Marek’s disease virus (MDV), Scurrula oortiana, immuno-modulato
The Solubility of Cr-Organic Produced by Hydrolysis, Bioprocess and Bioremediation and its Effect on Fermented Rate, Digestibility and Rumen Microbe Population (in vitro)
Get PDFThe research was conducted to study the production of organic chromium from the leather tanning waste and its effect on in vitro rumen fermentation activities. The research was divided into two phases. The first phase was production of organic chromium by alkali hydrolysis, S cereviceae bioprocess, and duckweed bioremediation that perceived solubility in neutral and acid solution. The second phase was the supplementation of organic-Cr in ration seen from in-vitro fermented rate, digestibility and microbe rumen population. Research was conducted experimentally using 4x4 factorial patterns, on the basis of Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications in each experimental unit. The first factor was the type of organic-Cr and the second factor was the supplement in ration at four levels, 1, 2, 3 and 4 ppm. The results of this research indicated that organic chromium can be synthesized by alkali hydrolysis, S cereviseae bioprocess and the activity of duckweed bioremediation. Among the three of processes referred, the highest level of Cr was obtained from S cereviseae bioprocess that was originated from leather-tanning waste. The levels of organic-Cr that was resulted from alkali hydrolysis, bioprocess from Cl3Cr.6H2O, bioprocess from Cr leather-tanning waste, and from duckweed bioremediation were 354, 1011, 3833 and 310 mg/kg, respectively. Organic-Cr characteristic of each product has relatively similar in ferment ability, dry matter and organic matter digestibility and rumen ecosystem. There is an indication that dry matter and organic matter digestibility and rumen microbe population in ration that was added with organic Cr from alkali hydrolysis was higher than other supplements. (Animal Production 12(3): 175-183 (2010)Key Words: organic-Cr, rumen fermentation activities, rumen microbe populatio
Biodegradation of Cyanogenic Glycoside of Cassava Leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Via Fermentation as A Mean of Ruminant Feed Supply
Get PDFThe development of ruminants must always be followed by forage sources as its feed. The usage of agro industrial by-product like cassava leaves is one of steps that can be conducted. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of leaves-of-bitter-cassava fermentation using a mixture of Aspergillus niger-cattle bolus on the concentrations of HCN, crude protein, digestibilities of dry matter and organic matters. Experimental method was used in this study, using completely randomized design with six treatments namely fresh and wilted leaves of bitter cassava, added with Aspergillus niger and 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8% of cattle bolus, each of which was repeated four times. The results showed that the mixture of Aspergillus niger-cattle bolus in cassava leaves had a highly significant effect on HCN, crude protein, dry matter and organic matter digestibilities. The conclusion of this research is that fermentation of leaves of bitter cassava with 6% of Aspergillus niger and cattle bolus is able to degrade cyanogenic glycoside and increase digestibility. (Animal Production 13(1):18-23 (2011)Key Words: cassava leaves, glycoside, Aspergillus, cattle-bolus
The Effect of Coconut Oil and Hibiscus Rosasinensis on Ration Degradability and Number of Protozoa
No full textConcentrated diet based on rice bran 69%, coconut meal 30%, urea 1% and field grass (fg), parsial defaunation agent Hibiscus rosasinensis (Hr) and coconut oil (Co) was used in propotion 37,5% fg + 2,5% Hr; 35% fg + 5% Hr; 37,5% fg + 2,5% Co and 35% + 5% Co. the feed of concentrate and feed grass 60 : 40 % are evaluated in vitro for dry matter degradability (DMD), organic matter degradability (OMD) and number of protozoa (NP). Variance analysis and orthogonal contrast was applied according to Steel and Torrie (1981). The result show that defaunation agent Hr and Co 2,5% and 5% increased (P< 0.01) DMD in the order 60.20; 59.40; 56.60 and 55.60 respectively, compare with no defaunation agent (54,60%). It also increased OMD 62.20%; 60.40; 58.40 and 57.20% compare with no agent (56.40%). While number of protozoa decreased (P< 0.01) 2.456; 2.316; 2.396 and 2.286 x 104/ml rumen liquid compare with no defaunation agent (2.564 x 104/ml rumen liquid). (Animal Production 2(2): 53-59 (2000)Â Key words : Hibiscus rosasinensis, digestibility, and number of protozo
Effects of Digging Substrate on Growth and Fur in Blue Versus Shadow Type of Alopex lagopus
Get PDFAbstract. Our study sought to establish the extent to which digging substrate in the cage affects growth performance and fur properties in farmed foxes (Alopex lagopus) of the shadow white and blue colour types. The plates were on either the wall or the floor; the sandbox was always on the floor. A standard cage without any digging substrate was used as a control. There were 20 foxes in each group (one male and one female per cage). The cage setups were as follows: 1) a standard cage (105 cm long × 115 cm wide × 70 cm high) without digging substrates, which housed the control group; 2) a standard cage (105 cm long × 115 cm wide × 70 cm high) with a solid metal plate (210 × 297 mm) on the wall for digging and scratching; 3) a standard cage (105 cm long × 115 cm wide × 70 cm high) with a solid metal plate (210 × 297 mm) on the floor for digging and scratching; and 4) a standard cage (105 cm long × 115 cm wide × 70 cm high) with a metal sandbox for digging and scratching (80 × 40 × 14 cm, L×W×H). The sandbox had a 10 cm layer of sand (ca. 25 kg, particle size 0-18 mm) on the bottom. All animals grew well and reached normal body weights. No significant growth differences were found between blue and shadow types within the groups. Furthermore, skin length did not differ between colour types or between groups. Skin weight, on the other hand, was heavier in the blue than in the shadow type in the plate floor groups. No differences were recorded in the other groups. Fur quality was poorest in the blue type of the standard group and best in the shadow type of the plate wall group. Cover and mass were also best in the shadow type of the plate wall group. Furs were dirtiest in the sandbox groups, irrespective of colour type. Our findings tempt us to conclude that body growth is highly affected by digging substrate and that a sandbox in the cage causes the dirtiest fur and may, therefore, be avoided in farming practice.Key Words: Alopex lagopus, digging substrate, fur properties, growth performance, colour typ
Model of Small Holders Dairy Cattle Waste Pollution at Several Natural Physical and Economic Social Conditions: A Case Study in the Province of Central Java
No full textMost of dairy farmings in Indonesia are managed in the forms of smallholder farmings that give more attention to productivity rather than ecological concerns. The purpose of this study was to make models of dairy cattle animal waste pollution on clean water quality and degree of smell at several regions with different natural physical and economic social conditions. This study also investigated the waste management that match with the characteristics, behavior, and the attitude of the farmers in each region. System approach was used as the method of this study through model simulation with program of Powersim 2.5c. Model compiled based on to component situation of livestock, condition of environment and situation of farmer. Determination of regional sample of sub-province or town until chosen countryside conducted with multistage sampling without randomization (purposive sampling). Based on the result of research can be concluded that (1) low natural physical region and low economic social condition to have endangering pollution level of environment, (2) the waste management for the region with high natural physical and high economic social of bio gas and composting accompanied by removing to excess of animal waste for regional with low natural physical and low economic social. (Animal Production 6(2): 68-75 (2004) Key Words: model, dairy cattle, waste pollutio
The Analysis of Application of Technical Management on Various Small Holder Dairy Farm Scale in Garut Regency West Java
No full textThe research has been carried out to study and evaluate application of technical management (reproduction, feeding, and daily management) on various small holders dairy Farm scales in Garut regency, West Java. This research used the survey method, and the number of respondent was 82 small holder dairy farms which were divided into 37 respondents on the first dairy cattle farm scales with the ownership of 1-3 cows, 33 respondents on second dairy cattle farm scales with the ownership of 4-6 cows, and 12 respondents on the third dairy cattle farm scales with the ownership of >7 cows. Simple random sampling was used for taking the respondents of smallholder dairy farm. Data were statistically analyzed using the Duncan method of one way ANOVA. The results of this research showed that: (1) Milk yields average on the third dairy cattle farm scale were same as the second and the third dairy cattle farm scales (13.98 vs. 13.91 vs. 13.32 kg) respectively, (2) Farm management level was highest on the third dairy cattle farm scale than both the second and the first dairy cattle farm scales. (Animal Production 8(3): 216-225 (2006)Â Key Words : Technical management, dairy farm, milk yield