Animal Production (E-Journal, JAP)
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The Effect of Enzyme and Probiotics Mixture in Drinking Water with Protein Level Differences on Body Weights, Feed Conversion and Production index on Broiler
No full textThis experiment was study of the enzyme and probiotic in drinking water mixture was affected on body weight, feed conversion and production index in broiler. This experiment was carried out using 144 broilers, started at one day old and finished at 42 days of age, divided into 4 type treatment of three different level of protein. Experimental method was based on randomized complete design with twelve treatments, if differently, followed by orthogonal polynomial. Type 1 (unit ABC) was treated with mixture of drinking water and amylase, protease and probiotic at day 3rd through 5th, day 14th , day 21st, day 28th and 35th ; type 2 (unit DEF) was treated at day 7th ,17th, 27th and 37th ; type 3 (unit GHI) was treated day 21th , day 28th and 35th ; type 4 (unit JKL) without treatment (control). The level of protein for group I of unit ADGJ was 19% of starter feed and 16% of finisher feed. The level of protein for group II unit BEHK was 21 %of starter feed and 18% finisher feed. The variable used in body weight, feed conversion, production index at the 5th and 6th weeks of age. Result indicated that the body weight optimum was 1483.33 gram at the 5th weeks of age and 1868,89 gram, feed conversion 1, 826 and production index 279,31 at the 6th weeks of age. These findings were observed in the group of chicken given drinking, water amylase, protease and probiotic mixed with at day 3rd trough 5th , day 14th , day 21st , day 28th and day 35th ; The level of protein was 23% of starter feed and 21% of finisher feed. The mixture of enzyme and probiotic in drinking water was concluded to improve in body weight, feed conversion and production index of broiler. (Animal Production 3(1): 26-30 (2001)Key Words: Broiler, enzyme, probiotic,  body weight, feed conversion, production index
Genetic Variation through Polymorphism of Blood and Egg White Protein in Three Kinds of Kedu Chickens at Laying Period
Get PDFAbstract. Genetic variation of five blood protein loci and three egg white protein loci in three kinds of Kedu chicken, namely the black skin and black feather (BB), black skin and white feather (BW) and white skin and white feather (WW) were investigated using polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis. The result showed that five blood loci (pre-albumin, albumin, post-transferin, transferin and hemoglobin) and three egg white loci (lysozim, ovalbumin and conalbumin) were found to be polymorphic in three kinds of Kedu chicken. BW has average higher heterozygosity than BB and WW. The result was shown in blood and egg white protein polymorphism. There was no difference on blood and egg white protein in the genetic variation. The average of heterozygosity of Kedu chicken of high production and low production was not different. Genetic distance among three populations of Kedu chicken showed that Kedu chicken BW was closer to WW than to BB.Key Words: Kedu chicken, protein polymorphism, blood, egg white, genetic variatio
Study of Physical Quality of Complete Feed Pellet with Different Forages Source and Binders
No full textThe purpose of this study was to know the effect of utilization of various kinds of binders in the making of complete diet that was made of several species of forages that was viewed from its physical properties (hardness and durability). There were two formulations of complete feed and four kinds of binders a pelleting machine was used in this study. Factorially, based on Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used with feed formulation (A) with two levels namely elephant grass and the leaves of leucaena (a1) and rice straw and peanut straw (a2) as the sources of forage as the first factor, and the kinds of binders (B) with 3 % levels of each binders. Four levels of binders namely b0 (without binder), b1 (lignosulphonate), b2 (bentonite) and b3 (CMC) were as the second factor. There were 3 replications in each treatment combination. Based on the results of this study, it was conclude that the hardness of pellets of complete feed was affected by feed formulations based on different kinds of forage and pellets binders, but not for durability of the pellets. The highest value of hardness was achieved by a1b1 formulation. (Animal Production 6(1): 43-48 (2004) Key Words: Hardness, Durability, Complete Feed Pelle
Ratio of Forage–Concentrate that Contain Fermented Tapioca by Product and Pollard and its Effect on Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Rumen Fermentation Parameters
No full textAn experiment has been conducted to investigate the ratio of forage – concentrate that contain tapioca by product and pollard as fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae on conjugated linoleic acid and rumen fermentation parameters. In vitro experiment with Completely Randomized Block Design was performed with six periods of collecting rumen fluid as block. The rumen fluid was collected from fistulae cow in Animal Science Experimental Farm, University of Jenderal Soedirman. The diet consists of elephant grass as forages and concentrate that contain 45% of tapioca by product and pollard (ratio 1:1), urea added, then fermented with Saccharomyces cereviciae. Another 55% of the concentrate contain of rice meal, coconut meal, soybean oil, mineral and salt.  Treatments were ratio of forage to concentrate i.e. 60:40; 70:30 and 80:20. Therefore 18 experimental units exist. Variables measured were VFA, N-NH3, conjugated linoleic acid concentration and protein synthesis of ruminal microorganism. Analysis of variance with orthogonal polynomial resulted that the ratio of forage-concentrate has significant effect on VFA concentration (P<0.05), N-NH3 and protein synthesis of ruminal microorganism (P<0.01). As forage increase, the VFA, N-NH3 and CLA linearly increase, but protein synthesis of ruminal microorganism linearly decrease. The highest of CLA obtained in diet with forage- concentrate ratio 80:20. (Animal Production 7(3): 142-149 (2005) Key Words: VFA, N-NH3, Microbial Protein, Linoleic, CLA, Ratio Forage-Concentrat
The Lemuru Fish Oil and the Suplemen of Vitamin E in the Diet of Broiler Chicken as an Immunomodulator
No full textThe research was conducted using lemuru fish oil and vitamin E supplementation in broiler chicken diet as an immunomodulator. The experiment design was used a completely randomized design with 3 x 3 factorial patern. Nine treatment diets were consisted of three levels of lemuru fish oil supplementation (0, 3, and 6%) as the first factor, and vitamin E supplementation (0, 100, and 200ppm) as the second factor and its combinations. All data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Duncan multiple ranges. There were no significant differences among treatments on antibody titers responses after first ND vaccination, but gave significantly differences on antibody titers (P<0,05) after the second ND vaccination. There were interaction effects of dietary lemuru fish oil and vitamin E on the increasing of the antibody titers. There were no interaction effects of lemuru fish oil and vitamin E on antibody titers responses to IBD. Vitamin E supplementation significantly increased (P<0,05) antibody titers responses to IBD, but not the lemuru fish oil supplementation. The amount of lymphocyte was significantly increased (P<0,05) due to the lemuru fish oil supplementation but not due to the vitamin E supplementation. (Animal Production 10(2): 110-116 (2008) Key Words:  Lemuru fish oil, vitamin E, broiler chicken, immunomodulato
The Prospect of Hydrolyzed Feather Meal as Ruminant Feeds Through Protein Quality Improvement by Microbes
No full textThe waste of the broiler processing (feather) is a potential source for animal feed. However the presence of keratins cause limited of feather use. Before using, therefore, feather must be treated to hydrolyze cysteine disulfide bound dominating keratins protein. Enzymatic (biological) treatment using microbes will produce specific feather hydrolyzed and does not have negative impact on environment. The research objected to get the microbes which degradated selected keratins, improve protein quality of feather meal and find out the best ration formulation true in vitro the basic information to formulate in vivo ration. The research has been done in Laboratory of Animal Feedstuff Faculty of Animal Science UNSOED for eight months. Fermentation trial was done on liquid media with bath system. In vitro trial used of Tilley and Terry methods with parameter observe was dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, protein degradation, total VFA and solubility in pepsin. Based on all parameter, on fermentation trial with Bacillus licheniformis decides broiler chicken feather had good prospect to be developed on feed protein source. In vitro trial recommended ration with formulation of fermented feather meal concentrate (15 percent), soybeans meal (5 percent), rice bran (20 percent), molasses (4 percent), mineral mix (1 percent), with forage: concentrate ratio 40 : 60 could be used as in vivo ration. (Animal Production 5(1): 19-24 (2003)Â Key words : Hydrolyze, Feather, Keratin, Digestibility, Ruminan
Effects of Local Feed Supplementation on the Performance of Bligon Goat Does at the End of Gestation Reared in West Timor Savannah
No full textThe research was conducted in Lili savanna, West Timor.  The aims were to study the effects of local feed supplementation on performances of Bligon does at late gestation period reared in West Timor savanna during dry season Fifteen Bligon does at late gestation period were used for ten weeks. Does were randomly divided into 3 groups of treatment, namely R0 = control; R1 = R0 + 1% supplementation; and R2 = R0 + 2% supplementation. Results showed that  average daily gain, kid’s birth weight, colostrum Ig and body condition scores of group R2 (62.5 g, 2.42 kg, 94.8 mg/ml; 2.36, respectivelly) were significantly higher than group R0 (-7.19 g, 1.73 kg, 43 mg/ml ; 2.36, respectively), but were not significantly different from group R1 (51.79 g, 2.25 kg, 71.2 mg/ml ; 3.24, respectively). Blood components (PVC, leukocyte, erythrocyte, Hb, glucose, protein and urea) at the begining of the experiment were similar among groups, however they were significant different (P0.05). In conclusion, the performance and health status of Bligon does at late gestation period reared at West Timor savanna during dry season can be increased by local feed supplementation. (Animal Production 9(1): 1-8 (2007) Key Words: performance, gestation does, supplement local feed, savanna, dry seaso
Organic Acid Salt from Complete Feed Silage Corn Based by Product as an Alternative to Substitute Antibiotic Function as a Growth Promotor for Broiler
Get PDFThis study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of organic acid salt Zn from complete feed silage based on corn by product as an alternative to subtitute antibiotic function as a growth promotor for broiler. Ninety day old commercial Cobb broiler chickens were randomly distributed into six groups having three replicates of five birds in each group. Negative control (R0) birds were offered standard basal diet and no challenged, positive control (R1) birds were offered standard basal diet and challenged with 107 Salmonella typhimurium. Treatment R2, R3, R4 and R5 were challenged by 107 CFU of Salmonella typhimurium which added in feed with 0.1% flouroquinolone, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% of organic acid salts. The result showed that dietary of organic acid salts affect consumption, weight gain, and final body weight (P<0.05). Meanwhile, feed conversion (FCR) was not affected by antibiotics nor organic acids. Our conclusion, Dietary organic acid salt from complete feed silage corn based by product until dose 0.2% can improve the performance of broiler chickens infected Salmonella typhimurium. (Animal Production 11(3): 170-175 (2009) Key Words: broiler, organic acid, Salmonella typhimuriu
Concentration of Potassium, Magnesium, and Iron of Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle Schweick) at Various Cultivation Methods and Defoliation Intervals
Get PDFThe existence of weeds significantly decreases the rate of production and quality of herbage. Physical weed control by defoliation could be expected to sustain quality and production of herbage, and is able to control weeds expansion. The aims of this study were to know the effect of defoliation intervals of B. humidicola that invited by C. odorata and its effect on potassium, magnesium and iron concentration. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Agrostology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University. Chemical composition of forage was analyzed at the Chemistry Laboratory, Center of Soil and Agroclimatology Research. Split Plot Design in Time was used in the field experiment. The treatments were nine different planting methods and different defoliation intervals. Defoliation times were divided on the first defoliation and the last defoliation. The results of this experiment showed that potassium, magnesium and iron concentrations of herbage which were defoliated every 30 days was significantly higher than those defoliated every 60 days and 90 days. Potassium and iron concentrations at the last defoliation were higher than the first defoliation. The existence of C. odorata decreased magnesium and iron concentration of B. humidicola herbage, although they were defoliated together with grass defoliation. Key Words: Potassium, magnesium, iron, herbage, defoliation interva
Protein Lamtoro leaves (Leucaena leucocephala) with Tannin, Saponin and Oil Protection and the Effect on ruminal undegradable dietary protein (RUDP), and Synthesis of rumen microbial protein
No full textA research was conducted to find out the effect of lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) leaves with tannin, saponin and oil protection to ruminal undegradable dietary protein (RUDP), and rumen microbial protein. Materials employed in this research were lamtoro leaves (Leucaena leucocephala) which are heated and then processed into mash form: tea leaves (contain 20% of tannin), klerak fruits (contain 48% of saponin) and soybean oil (oil source) as protection agent; and rumen fluid collected from fistulated Peranakan Ongole cows. Experimental in vitro using gas production method (Manke et al., 1979) was employed to assess level of microbial protein. Randomized Block Design was designed to conduct this research, with source of inoculums (rumen fluid) as block. Rumen fluid were collected from fistulated cows in five periods, each block contains of five experimental units. Treatments in this research were protection of lamtoro leaves using different agent, i.e. tannin from tea leaves, saponin from klerak fruits, oil from soybean as much as 2% of dry matter, and unprotected lamtoro leaves as control. Thus, four treatments in this research were as follows: K = control (unprotected lamtoro leaves); T = lamtoro leaves + tannin; S = lamtoro leaves + saponin; and M = lamtoro leaves + oil, so that there were 20 observations. Incubation conducted for 24 hours. Standarized in sacco method by Vanzan et al. (1998) which has been standarized and modified by Widyobroto et al. (1998) was performed to measure ruminal undegradable dietary protein (RUDP). Each treatment has five replications. 24 hours incubations were conducted in fistulated cows. Completely randomized design was chosen as research design. Variables assessed in this research were synthesis of microbial protein (purin analysis method by Zinn and Owens, 1986) and ruminal undegradable dietary protein (in sacco method). Data analyzed using analysis of varience and honestly significant different (HSD) as further analysis. Research showed that tannin was the best protector agent to obtain highest RUDP and the highest synthesis of microbial protein achieved by lamtoro leaves that protected by saponin. It is suggested that in order to get high RUDP lamtoro leaves should be protected using tannin. (Animal Production 7(1): 52-58 (2005) Key Words : Leucaena leucocephala, tannin, saponin, oil, rumen undegradable dietary protein and synthesis of rumen microbial protei