Animal Production (E-Journal, JAP)
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Weaning and Supplementation Increase Liveweight Gain of Bali (Bos javanicus) Cattle of Small-holder Farmers in Central Lombok, Indonesia
Get PDFAbstract. One of the constraints for improving productivity of Bali cattle in west Nusa Tenggara Province is the low growth rate of weaned calves. Results of on-station experiments showed that Sesbania grandiflora (sesbania) supplementation can significantly increase live weight gain of weaned calves. The objective of this experiment was to investigate whether sesbania supplementation can increase live weight gain of weaned calves and improve farmer income. This experiment was carried out in Tandek, Labulia Village (treatment village) and in Kelebuh and Sukaraja villages (control villages) central Lombok District from April to October 2008. A total of 21 calves (9 males and 12 females) aged 237±7 days with initial live weight of 122.3±4.5 kg were monitored in Kelebuh and Sukaraja villages (control villages). During the same period, 25 calves (13 males and 12 females) aged 237±6 days with initial weight of 108.8±4.1 kg were monitored in Tandek Village (treatment village) and fed fresh sesbania at 1% dry matter of live weight. To ensure that sesbania was fed at the recommended level, regular weighing of sesbania offered by each farmer was conducted 2-3 times per week. All calves were weighed every month to determine live weight gain. Farmers from the control villages and other villages were invited to a field day conducted in the treatment village at the end of the experiment. The results showed that sesbania supplementation significantly increased live weight gain (0.36±0.01 kg/day for calves in the treatment village compared to 0.22±0.01 kg/day for those in the control villages), increased body condition and health of the calves and improved farmer income. Weaning management and supplementation with sesbania was very easy to implement so most of the farmers participated in this study stated that they were willing to continue this feeding management.Keywords: Bali calves, growth, early weaning, Sesbania grandiflora, LombokAbstrak. Salah satu permasalahan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas sapi Bali di NTB adalah rendahnya tingkat pertumbuhan pedet lepas sapih. Hasil kajian di pusat penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi dengan pakan lokal seperti daun turi terbukti dapat meningkatkan pertambahan bobot badan pedet lepas sapih secara nyata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji apakah suplementasi dengan daun turi pada peternakan skala kecil dapat mempercepat pertumbuhan pedet lepas sapih dan meningkatkan pendapatan peternak. Penelitian dilakukan di Dusun Tandek, desa Labulia Lombok Tengah (lokasi intervensi) dan di Desa Kelebuh dan Sukaraja Kecamatan Praya Tengah (lokasi kontrol), Kabupaten Lombok Tengah mulai bulan April sampai Oktober 2008. Sejumlah 21 ekor pedet (9 jantan dan 12 betina) yang berumur 237±7 hari dengan bobot badan awal 122,3±4,5 kg diamati di Desa Kelebuh dan Sukaraja (lokasi kontrol). Pada saat yang sama, 25 ekor pedet (13 jantan dan 12 betina) berumur 237±6 hari dengan bobot badan awal 108,8±4,1 kg diamati di Tandek (lokasi intervensi) dan diberikan pakan tambahan berupa daun turi (sekitar 1% BK dari bobot badannya). Untuk memastikan jumlah daun turi diberikan sesuai dengan rekomendasi, dilakukan penimbangan daun turi yang diberikan secara acak dua sampai 3 kali seminggu. Penimbangan bobot badan dilakukan setiap bulan dan pada akhir penelitian dilakukan temu lapang dengan mengundang peternak dari lokasi kontrol dan lokasi lainnya di Lombok Tengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyapihan dan suplementasi daun turi secara nyata meningkatkan pertambahan bobot badan lepas sapih (0,36±0,01 kg/hari pada kelompok intervensi dibandingkan dengan 0,22±0,01 kg/hari pada lokasi kontrol), meningkatkan kondisi dan kesehatan pedet dan meningkatkan keuntungan peternak. Manajemen penyapihan dan suplementasi dengan daun turi sangat mudah dilakukan sehingga sebagian besar peternak yang berpartisipasi dalam temu lapang menyatakan bersedia menerapkannya.Kata kunci : Sapi Bali, pertumbuhan, penyapihan, Sesbania grandiflora, Lombok Dahlanuddin et al/Animal Production 14(3):173-179, September 201
Preview of Estrogen, Progesterone and an Electrolite Plasma and the Act of Kidney on Sodium, Kalium, and Chorin of Bligon Goat’s Estrous Cycle
Get PDFAbstract. This research was aimed to obtain status of reproduction hormone and electrolyte plasma and kidney’s act on electrolyte in normal estrous cycle of 4 healthy female Bligon goats. The electrolyte, hormone and electrolyte clearance study has done in the first day, 3rd–5th, 6th–16th, and 17th–18th day of oestrus cycle. Estrogen and progesterone were analyzed with ELISA, while Na, K, Cl were with spectrophotometer. The average difference for each parameter in any period of oestrus cycle was subject to analysis of variance continued by Turkey HSD. The average of estrogen in estrous cycle was 211.25–247.77 pg/dl potential to increase around the estrous and decrease in luteal period (3rd–5th day and 6th–16th estrous cycle), and progesterone was 0.21–0.70 ng/dl with significant increase in luteal period (3rd–5rd day and 6th–16th estrogen cycle). Na, K, Cl in plasma in estrous cycle were not significantly different. Conclusively, progesterone levels in the late luteal period of Bligon goat’s estrous cycle was significantly higher than that in other periods of oestrus. Estrogen levels tended to increase prior to and during the periods of oestrus and decrease during the luteal period despite the lack of significant changes, also in status of plasma electrolytes and renal acts of electrolytes. Key words: Electrolytes, goat, hormone, estrous Abstrak. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan status hormon reproduksi dan plasma elektrolit dan reaksi ginjal terhadap elektrolit pada siklus estrus kambing Jawa Randu. Penelitian menggunakan 4 kambing betina sehat yang memiliki siklus estrus normal. Analisa elektrolit, hormon dan bersihan elektrolit dilakukan pada siklus estrus hari pertama, ketiga-kelima, keenam-keenambelas, dan hari ketujuhbelas-kedelapanbelas. Estrogen dan propgesteron dianalisa dengan ELISA, sedangkan Na, K, Cl dianalisa dengan spektofotometer. Rataan perbedaan setiap parameter periode siklus estrus dianalisa dengan analisis ragam dilanjutkan dengan Tukey BNJ. Rataan estrogen dalam siklus estrus adalah 211,25-247,77 pg/dl, dengan potensi peningkatan di sekitar estrogen dan penurunan di fase luteal (siklus estrus hari ke 3-5, dan 6-16), dan rataan progesteron adalah 0,21-0,70 nd/dl dengan peningkatan nyata selama fase luteal (siklus estrus hari ke 3-5, dan 6-16). Na, K, Cl dalam plasma disiklus estrus tidak berbeda nyata. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa tingkat progesteron di akhir fase luteal dalam siklus estrus kambing Jawa Randu jauh lebih tinggi dari pada fase lain pada periode estrus. Level estrogen cenderung meningkat sebelum dan selama periode estrus dan menurun selama fase luteal meskipun tidak menunjukkan perubahan nyata, begitu pula pada status elektrolit plasma dan kinerja ginjal terhadap elektrolit. Kata kunci: Elektrolit, kambing, hormon, estru
Maternal Antibody Titer Against Avian Influenza Transferred from Hens to The Eggs and Ducklings
Get PDFAbstract. This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of H5N1 Avian Influenza vaccination in different duck breeds and to assess the magnitude of maternal antibody titer transferred from the vaccinated hen to the eggs and off ducklings as a protector agent against H5N1. Experimental research was conducted on 16 male and 48 female mallards and 16 male and 48 female Muscovy ducks aged 16 week old. The study showed that the vaccination was 83.33 % successful in Muscovy ducks and 100% in in mallards. Result of variance analysis demonstrated that breed and sex did not significantly affected AI antibody titer. AI maternal antibody transferred from Muscovy hens to egg yolks and to off springs was 66.37% and 39.51%, respectively. Female Mallards transferred higher antibody to egg yolks than to off springs (96.40% versus 63.18%, respectively. Antibody titer against AI vaccination was determined through ELISA. This study concluded that AI H5N1 vaccination increased antibody titer in ducks which is transferrable to the eggs produced and ducklings. Key words: Vaccination, H5N1 virus, antibody titer, egg yolk, ducklings Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektifitas vaksinasi avian influenza H5N1 yang dilakukan pada bangsa itik yang berbeda. Penelitian juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya transfer maternal titer antibody dari induk yang divaksinasi ke telur dan anak itik yang dihasilkan untuk perlidungan terhadap infeksi virus H5N1. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan materi menggunakan itik yang terdiri dari itik Tegal jantan 16 ekor dan betina 48 ekor serta entok jantan 16 ekor dan betina 48 ekor umur 16 minggu. Hasil vaksinasi menunjukkan keberhasilan vaksinasi sebesar 83.33% pada entok dan pada itik 100%. Hasil analisis variansi menunjukkan bangsa itik dan jenis kelamin tidak berpengaruh nyata (P<0.05) terhadap titer antibodi flu burng (H5N1). Besarnya transfer maternal antibodi flu burung dari induk entok ke kuning telur  sebesar 66,37%, sedangkan pada anaknya 39,51%. Induk itik memberikan antibodi lebih tinggi pada kuning telurnya yaitu sebesar 96,40% dan pada anaknya 63,18%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah vaksinasi flu burung H5N1 meningkatkan titer antibodi pada itik yang dapat ditransfer pada telur dan keturunannya. Kata kunci: Vaksinasi, virus H5N1, titer antibodi, kuning telur, anak iti
The Effectivity of Fermented Mulberry Leaves with Rumen Liquor as Broiler Feed on Final Body Weight, Dry Matter and Crude Fiber Digestibility, and Metabolic Energy
Get PDF Abstract. Objective of this research was to know the effect of fermented mulberry leaves by rumen liquorin boiler’s diet measured from final body weight, dry matter digestibility, crude fiber digestibility, and metabolic energy. One hundred broiler strain CP 707, broiler concentrate, mulberry leaves and other feed stuffs were administered in Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments, namely T0 (control), T1 (10% mulberry leaves), T2 (10% fermented mulberry leaves), T3 (20% mulberry leaves) and T4 (20% fermented mulberry leaves) with 4 replications. Result revealed that the increasing use of mulberry leaves had significantly lowered final body weight, dry matter and fiber digestibility, metabolic energy. Fermentation treatment at 10% level could increase dry matter digestibility, crude fiber and metabolic energy than those of unfermented. This study concluded that the increasing mulberry leaves in broiler feed could reduce feed digestibility, and fermentation by rumen liquor could optimize the use of mulberry leaves as broilers feed. Key words: Mulberry leaves, rumen liquor, broiler, fermentation, digestibility Abstrak. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh daun murbei yang difermentasi dengan cairan rumen sebagai pakan boiler terhadap bobot badan, kecernaan bahan kering, serat kasar dan energi metabolis. Sebanyak 100 ekor broiler dengan pakan berupa daun murbei, dan bahan pakan lainnya digunakan dalam penelitian dengan rancangan acak lengkap 5 perlakuan yaitu T0 (kontol), T1 (penggunaan 10% daun murbei), T2 (10% daun murbei fermentasi), T3 (20% daun murbei) dan T4 (20% daun murbei fermentasi) serta 4 ulangan. Hasil penelitian adalah peningkatan penggunaan daun murbei berpengaruh nyata menurunkan bobot badan, kecernaan bahan kering, kecernaan serat kasar dan energi metabolis pakan. Perlakuan fermentasi pada taraf 10% dapat meningkatkan kecernaan bahan kering, serat kasar dan energi metabolis. Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan daun murbei dalam pakan broiler dapat menurunkan kecernaan pakan dan fermentasi menggunakan cairan rumen dapat mengoptimalkan penggunaan daun murbei sebagai pakan broiler. Kata kunci: Daun murbei, cairan rumen, broiler, fermentasi, kecernaa
Relationship Between Consumer’s Characteristics and Consumer’s Attitude, and Its Effects on Price, Quality and Service of Kentucky Fried Chicken in Yogyakarta
Get PDFAbstract. This research was aimed to analyze the relationship between consumer’s characteristics which was including sex/gender, education, job status and variety of products towards consumer’s attitude on price, quality and service. A total of 436 respondents were selected by systematic random sampling method. The data were gathered using a questionnaire that has been tested in its validity and reliability. The data were statistically analyzed using the Chi-Square, Phi and Cramer’s V. The result showed majority had a positive towards price, quality and service. Variable of  gender, education, job status and variety of products had a relationship with consumer’s attitude towards price, quality and service. Gender, education, job status and variety product had a relationship with consumer’s attitude towards price, quality and service with the strength of relationship were very low. Key word: Attitude, price, quality, service  Abstrak. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis hubungan antara karakteristik konsumen yaitu jenis kelamin, pendidikan, status pekerjaan dan keberagaman produk terhadap sikap konsumen pada harga, kualitas dan pelayanan.  Sejumlah 436 responden dipilih dengan metode pengambilan sampel secara acak sistematik. Data diambil menggunakan kuesioner yang sudah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-Square, dan dilanjutkan dengan Phi dan Cramer’s V bila berpengaruh nyata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas dari responden memiliki sikap positif pada harga, kualitas produk, dan pelayanan.  Jenis kelamin, pendidikan, status pekerjaan dan keberagaman produk memiliki hubungan yang nyata dengan sikap konsumen pada harga, kualitas produk, dan pelayanan. Variabel jenis kelamin, pendidikan, status pekerjaan dan keberagaman produk memiliki hubungan dengan kekuatan hubungan yang sangat lemah. Kata kunci: Sikap, harga, kualitas, pelayana
Supplementation of ZnSO4 and Zn-Cu Isoleucinate in Ration to Improve Growth and Body Immunity of Young Male Bali Cattle
Get PDFAbstract. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the supplementation of zinc sulphate and Zn-Cu isoleucinate in the local feeds basal diet of young male Bali cattle. The experimental design used was randomized completely block design. The experimental animal were randomly assigned into four group of treaments diet were formulated as: R0= 60% ammoniated “kume“ grass standinghay + 40% concentrate; R1 = R0 + 150 mg ZnSO4.kg-1 DM concentrate + 1 % Zn-Cu isoleucinate; R2 = R0 + 150 mg ZnSO4.kg-1 DM concentrate + 2 % Zn-Cu isoleucinate; R3 = R0 + 150 mg ZnSO4.kg-1 DM concentrate + 3 % Zn-Cu isoleucinate. The basal diet consisted of ammoniated “kume“ grass standinghay, while concentrate consisted of corn meal, rice bran, coconut cake, fish meal, lemuru oil and premix. The crude protein content of basal diet was 17%, while total digestible nutrients (TDN) was 78%. The supplementation of zinc sulphate and and Zn-Cu isoleucinate in the diet did not increase significantly crude protein consumption, zinc and cuprum concentration, N and energi retention. However supplementation zinc sulphate and Zn-Cu isoleucinate increase significantly dry matter, energy, zinc and cuprum consumption, zinc and cuprum absorbtion, phosphatase alkaline, growth and imonoglobulin concentration of young male Bali cattle. The highest daily gain (0.721.day-1) was achieved at level of ZnSO4 and Zn-Cu isoleucinate supplementation of 150 mg ZnSO4 kg-1 concentrate and 2% Zn-Cu isoleucinate kg-1 diet. Key words: Bali cattle, Zn-SO4, Zn-Cu isoleucinate, growth, immunoglobulin  Abstrak. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi penambahan seng sulfat dan isoleusinate  Zn-Cu dalam pakan lokal basal pada sapi Bali jantan muda. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok. Hewan percobaan secara acak dibagi menjadi empat kelompok perlakuan pakan yaitu R0 = 60% rumput “kume†hay teramoniasi + 40% konsentrat, R1 = R0 + 150 mg ZnSO4 kg-1 DM konsentrat + 1% isoleusinate Zn-Cu, R2 = R0 + 150 mg ZnSO4 kg-1 DM konsentrat + 2% isoleusinate Zn-Cu, R3 = R0 + 150 mg konsentrat ZnSO4 kg-1 DM + 3% isoleusinate Zn-Cu. Pakan basal terdiri dari rumput "kume" hay teramoniasi, sedangkan konsentrat terdiri dari tepung jagung, dedak padi, bungkil kelapa, tepung ikan, minyak lemuru dan premix. Kandungan protein kasar pakan basal adalah 17%, sedangkan total nutrisi tercerna (TDN) adalah 78%. Penambahan seng sulfat dan dan isoleusinate Zn-Cu dalam pakan tidak secara signifikan meningkatkan konsumsi protein kasar, seng dan konsentrasi tembaga, N dan retensi energi. Namun penambahan seng sulfat dan isoleusinate Zn-Cu secara signifikan meningkatkan bahan kering, energi, seng dan konsumsi tembaga, penyerapan seng dan tembaga, basa fosfatase, pertumbuhan dan konsentrasi imunoglobulin pada sapi Bali muda jantan. Pertambahan bobot badan harian tertinggi (0.721 kg day-1) yang dicapai pada tingkat penambahan ZnSO4 dan Zn-Cu isoleusinate 150 mg ZnSO4 kg-1 konsentrat dan 2% Zn-Cu isoleusinate kg-1 pakan. Kata kunci: sapi Bali, Zn-SO4, Zn-Cu isoleusinate, pertumbuhan, imunoglobulin E Hartati et al/Animal Production 14(3):180-186, September 201
Utilization of Spent Rice Straw Compost to Substitute Napier Grass Fed to Cattle and Its Effect on Rumen Metabolism Products
Get PDFAbstract. The aim of this research was to find the optimum level of substitution of fresh Napier Grass with Spent Rice Straw Compost (SRSC) on rumen metabolism products. Two male cattle breeds consisted of indigenous cattle (Ongole Crossbred = OC) with average body weight of 78.48±7.69 kg and Fries Holland Crossbred (FHC) with body weight of 83.93±17.67 kg were kept in individual cages of 1x1.2 m and they were given four kinds of Napier Grass subtituted with SRSC of 0, 25, 50 and 75 percent of forage dry matter. Therefore, factorial experiment of 2x4 was used in this research. The dry matter ratio of forage and concentrate was maintained at 50:50% with total dry matter intake 3% of body weight. Total Volatil Fatty Acid (VFA) production were influenced by the breed of cattle and the body weight, but there was no significant effect of breed on the N-NH3.  Both average of VFA (122.92±3.22 mM/l) and N-NH3 (4.14±0.4 mM/l) were still in the optimum range for rumen micoorganisme activities. Regression analysis showed that the digestibility of crude fiber had same pattern with acetate (C2), propionate (C3), butirate (C4), and valerate (C5). It can be concluded that SRSC can be used to substite fresh Napier Grass up to 75 percent of forage dry matter in the diets of male cattle both OC and FHC. Keywords : Spent compost, Volatile Fatty Acid, Nitrogen Ammonia Abstrak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan level optimum susbsitusi rumput gajah dengan kompos jamur merang ditinjau dari produk-produk metabolisme rumen. Dua jenis bangsa sapi berkelamin jantan dari bangsa Peranakan Ongole (PO) dengan rataan berat badan 78,48 ± 7,69 kg dan bangsa sapi Peranakan Fries Holstein (PFH) dengan rataan berat badan 83.93 ± 17,67 kg dipelihara pada kadang individu dengan ukuran 1 x 1.2 m. Sapi-sapi tersebut diberi empat macam pakan subsitusi rumput gajah dengan kompos jamur merang dengan taraf 0, 25, 50 dan 75% dari bahan kering rumput. Penelitian ini menggunakan pola faktorial. Imbangan bahan kering hijauan dan konsentrat adalah 50:50% dengan total konsumsi bahan kering 3% dari bobot hidup sapi. Produksi total VFA dipengaruhi oleh bangsa dan bobot badan sapi, tetapi produksi N-NH3 tidak dipengaruhi oleh baik bangsa, bobot hidup maupun  taraf subsitusi. Rataan VFA (122.92 ± 3.22 mM/l) dan N-NH3 (4.14 ± 0.4 mM/l) masih dalam kisaran optimum untuk aktivitas mikroorganisme rumen. Analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa koefisien cerna serat kasar mempunyai pola yang sama dengan produksi asetat, propionate, butirat dan valerat. Kesimpulannya kompos jamur merang dapat menggantikan rumput gajah sampai dengan 75% dari bahan kering rumput untuk diberikan pada sapi jantan baik bangsa PO maupun PFH.Kata kunci : kompos jamur merang, VFA, Nitrogen Ammonia SNO Suwandyastuti and M Bata/Animal Production 14(3):147-154, September 201
Cholesterol, Glucose and Blood Cells Count of Rabbit Doe Fed Katuk (Sauropus androgynus L. Merr) Leaf Meal as Supplementation
Get PDFAbstractl. This study was aimed to determine the ability of katuk that can affected cholesterol, glucose, erythrocyte, leukocyte, and thrombocyte during 3 weeks treatment. Twenty four does were raised from 6–12 month old, divided into three blocks, four treatment diets, and two replications. The treatments were P0= control diet, P1= 99% control diet + 1% katuk leaf meal, P2= 98% control diet + 2% katuk leaf meal, and P3= 97% control diet + 3% katuk leaf meal. The variables observed were cholesterol, glucose, erythrocyte, leukocyte, and thrombocyte. Cholesterol and glucode were determined with colorimetri methode with GOD-PAP, erythrocyte, leukocyte, and trombocyte with haemocytometer. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (anova), followed by Duncan's Multiple Test Range. The results showed that addition of katuk leaf meal can decreased cholesterol (50.67–48.34 mg/dl) and glucose (119–115 mg/dl) and increased erythrocyte (6.17–6.25x106/mm3) during 3 weeks experiment, whereas leukocyte, and thrombocyte not affected by katuk leaf meal. It is concluded that addition katuk leaf meal can decreased cholesterol and glucose and increased erythrocyte, whereas leukocyte and thrombocyte not affected by katuk leaf meal. Key words: Katuk leaf meal, cholesterol, glucose, blood cell Abstrak. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian tepung daun katuk terhadap kadar kolesterol darah, glukosa darah, eritrosit, leukosit, dan trombosit kelinci betina. Dua puluh empat kelinci betina umur 6–12 bulan dibagi kedalam tiga kelompok dengan empat perlakuan pakan masing-masing dua ulangan. Perlakuan pakan yang diberikan adalah P0= pakan kontrol, P1= 99% pakan kontrol + 1% tepung daun katuk, P2= 98% pakan kontrol + 2% tepung daun katuk, dan P3= 97% pakan kontrol + 3% tepung daun katuk. Variabel yang diamati adalah kolesterol darah, glukosa darah, eritrosit, leukosit dan trombosit setelah 3 minggu perlakuan. Kadar kolesterol dan glukosa diukur dengan metode kolorimetri menggunakan GOD-PAP, jumlah eritrosit, leukosit, dan trombosit dengan haemocytometer. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis variansi, dilanjutkan dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan’s. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan daun katuk dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol (50,67–48,34 mg/dl) dan glukosa darah kelinci betina (119-115 mg/dl) dan meningkatkan eritrosit (5,93–6,25x106/mm3). Sedangkan leukosit dan trombosit tidak terpengaruh oleh penambahan tepung daun katuk. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah penambahan tepung daun katuk pada pakan dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol dan glukosa darah kelinci betina, dan meningkatkan jumlah eritrosit tetapi tidak mempengaruhi jumlah leukosit dan trombosit. Kata kunci: Tepung daun katuk, kolesterol, glukosa, sel dara
Virgin Coconut Oil Increases the Productivity of Broiler Chicken Post Avian Influenza Vaccination
Get PDFAbstract. Chicken productivity is not only determined by body weight increase and feed efficiency but also disease resistance. Avian influenza (AI) is still an endemic in Indonesia. Highly mutative characteristic of AI causes unsuccessful vaccination to preventing chicken mortality; therefore, feed modulation alternatives are sought to raise body weight and body immune as well. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) contains fatty acid potential as antimicrobe and antivirus; VCO intake is therefore expected to increase chicken body immune. This research aimed at feed modulation to increase broiler chicken productivity. Forty broiler chicken of one day old (DOC) were used and the research applied Completely Randomized Factorial Design in which factor one was two vaccine levels namely AI-vaccinated chickens and AI-unvaccinated chickens. Factor two used four levels of VCO: 0, 5, 10, 15 mL/kg feed. DOC chickens were divided into eight treatment groups and repeated in five experiment units. Feed and water were given ad libitum. The result demonstrated that in spite of heterophile increase in AI-vaccinated VCO-given chickens, heterophile/lymphocyte ratio and feed intake were not significantly different among all treatment groups. With the highest body weight found in AI-vaccinated chickens given 10ml/kg feed VCO, it could therefore be concluded that VCO intake of 10mL/kg feed could raise body weight.Key words: heterophile, heterophile/lymphocyte ratio, feed intake, body weightAbstrak. Produktivitas ayam tidak hanya ditentukan oleh kenaikan bobot badan dan efisiensi pakan, tetapi juga ketahanan terhadap penyakit. Avian influenza (AI) masih merupakan wabah endemis di Indonesia. Sifat AI yang mudah bermutasi menyebabkan vaksinasi tidak selalu berhasil untuk mencegah kematian ayam, sehingga dicari alternatif modulasi pakan untuk meningkatkan bobot badan dan kekebalan tubuh. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) mengandung potensi asam lemak sebagai antimikroba dan antivirus, sehingga asupan VCO diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh ayam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk modulasi pakan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas ayam broiler. Empat puluh ayam broiler umur satu hari  (DOC) digunakan dalam penelitian yang menerapkan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial dengan faktor pertama dua level vaksinasi yaitu ayam divaksin AI dan tidak divaksin AI. Faktor kedua adalah empat level VCO: 0, 5, 10, 15 mL kg pakan. DOC ayam dibagi menjadi delapan kelompok perlakuan dan diulang dalam lima unit percobaan. Pakan dan air minum diberikan ad libitum. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa meskipun adanya kenaikan heterofil pada ayam yang divaksin AI dan diberi VCO, rasio heterofil/limfosit dan konsumsi pakan tidak berbeda secara signifikan pada semua kelompok perlakuan. Dengan bobot badan tertinggi ditemukan pada ayam yang divaksin AI dan diberi VCO 10 ml/kg pakan, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa asupan VCO 10 mL/kg pakan dapat meningkatkan bobot badan. Kata kunci: heterophil, rasio heterophil/limfosit, konsumsi pakan, bobot badan EYW Yuniwartiet al/Animal Production 14(3):192-198, September 201
Performance of Weaned Rabbits Raised in Cages or Pens in Northern Guinea Savannah Zone of Nigeria
Get PDFAbstract. Management system in rabbit production has been reported to affect the performance of rabbits. In view of this, an eight week study was conducted to evaluate the effects of two different management systems (cage-housed and pen-housed) on the growth performance indices of weaned rabbits in Northern Guinea Savannah zone of Nigeria. Twenty four (24) weaned rabbits of heterogeneous breeds in equal sexes, aged between 5-6 weeks, with live weight of 612±14.72 g were used for the study. The rabbits were randomly divided into two groups (cage-housed and pen-housed) consisting of 12 rabbits per group. They were fed commercial diet (concentrate) supplemented with Tridax procumbens and given access to clean fresh water adlibitum. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. Results from the study showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in daily body weight gain, feed intake and final body weight. Caged-housed Rabbits recorded higher daily weight gain, daily feed intake 72.24±0.07 g/day and final body weight of 1373±41.57 g as against 9.92±0.38 g/day, 63.58±0.88 g/day and 1168±23.36 g, respectively for the pen-housed rabbits. It is concluded that rabbits raised in cages had better growth performance indices than those raised in pens. It is however, recommended that further studies be conducted to assess the welfare of rabbits raised under the two management systems. Key words: Growth performance, weaned rabbits, management systems. Abstrak. Sistem pemeliharaan ternak kelinci mempengaruhi performan kelinci. Penelitian telah dilakukan selama 8 minggu untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh dua sistem pemeliharan yang berbeda terhadap index pertumbuhan kelinci lepas sapih di area Northern Guinea Savannah, Nigeria. Dua puluh empat (24) kelinci lepas sapih dengan jenis kelamin sama, umur 5-6 minggu dengan bobot hidup 612±14,72 g digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Kelinci dibagi secara acak ke dalam dua kelompok (kandang terkurung dan pen), setiap kelompok 12 kelinci. Kelinci diberi pakan konsentrat disuplementasi dengan Tridax procumbens dan air diberikan secara adlibitum. Eksperimen berlangsung selama 8 minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan nyata pada kenaikan bobot harian, asupan pakan dan bobot akhir. Kelinci yang dikandang terkurung memiliki pertambahan bobot badan harian 13,62±0,70 g/hari, asupan pakan harian 72,24±0,07 g/hari, dan bobot badan akhir 1373±41,57 g yang lebih tinggi daripada kelinci dalam kandang pen, secara berturut-turut yaitu 9,92±0,38 g/hari, 63,58±0,88 g/hari dan 1168±23,36 g. Disimpulkan bahwa kelinci yang dipelihara dalam kandang terkurung memiliki indeks pertumbuhan yang lebih baik daripada yang di dalam pen.  Penelitian lebih lanjut disarankan guna mengukur kenyamanan kelinci yang dipelihara dengan dua sistem pemeliharaan tersebut. Kata kunci: Performan pertumbuhan, kelinci lepas sapih, sistem pemeliharaa