Animal Production (E-Journal, JAP)
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Assessment of Endometritis in Arabian Mare
Get PDFThis study aimed to employ different methods for diagnosis of endometritis in Arabian mare. The study was conducted on 88 barren Arabian mares. After establishing the breeding history and completing the clinical examination, 50 of them were diagnosed as endometritis. Two swabs were obtained for bacteriological culture and cytological smears. Biopsy specimens were taken from the endometrium for histological examination. The results revealed that the ageing and the abnormal vulvar conformation were predisposing factors for endometritis. The number of mares affected with endometritis were 10, (20%) 13 (26%) and 27 (54%) in nullipara, primipara and pluripara mares respectively. Mares affected with endometritis were 6 (12%), 20 (40%), 18 (36%) and 6 (12%) in relation to body scoring 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Bacteriological and mycological examinations of the uterine culture were positive in 41 (82%) and in 5 (10%) animals respectively. No growth was recorded in 4 swabs (8%).  Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus were found to be the most common potential uterine bacterial pathogens (39.1% ) followed by E coli (21.7%). Cytological examination was positive in 60% (n=30) and negative in 40 % (n=40). The histopathological investigation revealed that 10/50 cases (20%), 18/40 cases (45.0%), 11/40 cases (27.5%), 7/40 cases (17.5%) and 4/40 cases (10.0%) were diagnosed as normal endometrium (Grade I), mild endometritis (Grade II A), moderate endometritis (Grade II B), severe endometritis (Grade III) and uterine atrophy respectively.Keywords: Arabian mare, biopsy, cytology, endometritis Animal Production 14(2):99-10
In Vitro Digestibilities of Six Rumen Protected Fat-Protein Supplement Formulas
No full textAbstract. The aim of the research was to evaluate the efficacy of protection method of rumen protected fat-protein supplements. In vitro digestibility test was carried out to examine nutrients digestibility of different supplement formula based on the sources of protein and oil. The research used two sources of fat namely crude palm oil (CPO) and fish oil (FO) and three sources of protein namely milk skim, soy flour, and soybean meal. Thus there were 6 combinations that subjected in the in vitro digestibility test. The observed variables were the digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude fat (CF), and crude protein (CP). Results indicated that the method for protecting protein and fat was effective. This was showed by low nutrients digestibility in the rumen and high nutrients digestibility in the post rumen. In conclusion the combination between skim milk and CPO gave the best results among the other supplement formula.Keywords: rumen protected nutrient, fat-protein supplement, rumen digestibility, in vitroAnimal Production 14(1):1-5, January 201
Identification of Local Chicken Farmers’ Behavior in Adopting Innovation of Technology Intensification
Get PDFThis research aimed to identify behavior of adopting technology innovation of local chicken farmers in Banyumas. Qualitative approach was applied to get a further examination on farmers’ characteristics and pattern of adopted maintenance system while domain, taxonomy and component analysis were further applied in accordance to innovation as the main goal. Purposive Random Sampling was used to determine 176 respondents from six groups of local chicken farmers in five selected sub districts. Result showed that maintenance systems applied by the farmers were traditional maintenance (39.77%), semi-intensive (52.27%), and intensive (7.96%). Intensification workshop, in conclusion did not always meet the result expectancy since many farmers still applied traditional and semi-intensive system.Keywords: adoption behavior, technology innovation, intensification, local chicken farmers Animal Production 14(2):118-12
Consumer Attitude Toward the Issue of Selling Beef Mixed with Boar Meat (Sus sucrofa) and the Intention to Purchase of Meat Consumers in Yogyakarta
Get PDFAbstract. This research was aimed to explain the relationship between cognitive, affective and conative combined into the attitude components with the intention to purchase against the issue of mixed beef and boar meatselling in Yogyakarta. The sample of location was at Beringharjo market in which the issues of selling beef and boar meat was established. The research used survey method with interview and questionnaire whose validity and reliability had been proven. The sample of respondents was 80 buyers selected by purposive sampling method. The data were statistically tabulated and analyzed using Chi-square and Phi analyses. The results showed that most of the attitude components i.e. cognitive, affective and conative were classified in favorable category implying that the respondents were responsive and active to look for the information regarding the issue. There was dependent relationship between attitude of the respondents toward the mixed beef and boar meat selling and the intention to purchase it with weak relationship (Phi coefficient of 0.354). It was concluded that consumers’ attitude on the issue of circulation of beefmix with boar meat was to behave more consciously about the truth of the issue and to be worried about the mixed meat.Key Words: consumer’s attitude, purchasing intention, meat consumerAnimal Production 13(3):173-179 (2011
Morphometric Characterization and Genetic Distance among Four Breeds of Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted to elucidate performance of body measurements and to estimate genetic distance among four breeds of rabbit, those were Flamish Giant, English Spot, Angora and Rex. Material of the experiment was 352 heads of four breeds of rabbit originating from three districts of Jambu, Sumowono and Ungaran in Semarang Regency-Central Java. Experiment material was determined by purposive sampling method on the basis of population density. Parameters observed were 1) head length, 2) head width , 3) ear length, 4) ear width, 5) chest circumference, 6) chest depth, 7) chest width, 8) humerus length, 9) radius-ulna length, 10) tibia length, 11) femoris length, 12) body length, and 13) hip width. SAS package program was used to analyze data. Phenogram tree was constructed using MEGA 5. Results showed that there was no difference on the morphometric performance between sex within breed with exception in Flamish Giant. Rabbits in Jambu district tended to have similarity in body measurement with those in Sumowono, but differed from rabbits in Ungaran. Cumulative contribution ratio from the first principal component (PC1) to the third principal component (PC3) was 83.6%. The genetically closeness was shown among Flamish Giant, English Spot and Angora, while Rex had a much different character. Keywords: morphometric, genetic distance, rabbit Animal Production 14(2):92-98Â
Blood Profile of Rabbits Infected with Eimeria magna
Get PDFAbstract. The research aimed at determining the blood profile of local rabbits infected with different dose of Eimeria magna oocysts. This research used 45 male rabbits with the age of 4 month old, range from 1.5 to 1.8 kg, clinically healthy and free from coccidiosis. The rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups, group I as control (K-0) was given 1.0 ml distilled water/rabbit orally, group II (K-10) was infected with single dose of 10x106 oocysts of E. magna/rabbit orally, and group III (K-20) was infected with single dose of 20x106 oocysts of E. magna/rabbit orally. After infection, rabbits were examined for clinical signs, body weight and temperature daily for five days. Blood samples were drawn from the vena marginalis to examine the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobine, packed cell volume (PCV), leukocytes and its deferent, total protein plasma (TPP) and fibrinogen, activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine amino transferase (ALT), and aspartat aminotransferase (AST). The data were statistically analyzed by two-way anova using factorial design. The results of this research showed that the infection of E. magna in rabbits caused fever and weight loss, accompanied by normochromic microcytic anemia (at doses of 10x106 oocysts), macrocytic normochromic (at doses of 20x106 oocysts), leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, hiperfibrinogenemia, and increased of ALP activity. There were correlations between clinical symptoms and blood profile of rabbits infected with E. magna for five days. The higher the dose and the longer the infection of E. magna in rabbits caused weight loss, increased body temperature, MCV (microcytic to macrocytic), leukocyte, fibrinogen and ALP activity. These findings were useful to have a better understanding of pathophysiology of E. magna infection in rabbits.Key Words: Eimeria magna, oocyst, rabbit, blood profileA Hana et al/Animal Production 13(3):185-190 (2011
Evaluation of the Capabilities of Various Local Bamboo as the Places of Milk Fermentation without Inoculant of Lactic Acid Bacteria
Get PDFAbstract. This research was conducted to evaluate the capabilities of the various local bamboos without the inoculation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in milk fermentation. The method used in this study was completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments, namely D (delepung bamboo); A (ampel bamboo) and T (tali bamboo). The results of the study showed that fermentation in tali bamboo produced the lowest pH value (4.82) followed by ampel bamboo (4.87) and delepung bamboo (4.97). Low pH values were followed by a high total acidity with the results respectively 0.82%; 0.80% and 0.78%. Similarly, the highest level of product consistency was in tali bamboo treatment (1.08 min) followed by ampel bamboo (0.53 min) and delepung bamboo (0.38 minutes). Product moisture content was also the lowest in tali bamboo treatment (87.28%) followed by ampel bamboo (87.53%) and delepung bamboo (88.70%). Never the less the capability of tali bamboo as a natural incubator is not significantly different to delay delepung bamboo and ampel bamboo reviewed from protein percentage and fat product. While the total LAB found in the product of tali bamboo treatment (5.82 x 104 CFU/g) was significantly more than delepung bamboo (1.60 x 104 CFU/g) and ampel bamboo (2.37 x 104 CFU/g). The conclusion of research was that the ability of the performance of LAB powder allegedly found in bamboo and its function of milk fermentation was more dominant on tali bambooKey Words: local bamboo, cow milk, fermentation technology, lactic acid bacteriaAnimal Production 13(3):180-184 (2011
Vibrational Spectroscopic Investigation of Biomolecular Responses of Carbohydrate Structure to Moisture and Dry Heating in Soybean Seed (Glycine max)
Get PDFAbstract. The objective of this experiment was to investigate carbohydrate structures of seed tissue affected by different heat processing methods using infrared vibrational molecular spectroscopy.  In this study, soybean seeds (two different harvested years; 2008 and 2010) were used as a model to investigate the alteration of inherent structure carbohydrate due to heat treatments. Structural characteristics of the bands in typical infrared molecular spectrum were studied in the region at ca. 1452-1188 cm-1 related to cellulosic and hemicellulosic compounds and the region at ca. 1193-881 cm-1, related to total CHO. Multivariate molecular spectral analyses: Hierarchical cluster analysis (CLA) and principal components analysis (PCA) were applied to identify heat-induced changes of molecular spectral profiles. Treatments used in this study were raw soybean seeds as control,  autoclaved soybean seeds at 120°C for 1 h (HT-1: wet heating) and dry roasted soybean seeds at 120°C for 1 h (HT-2: dry heating). The results showed that the heat treatments did not change spectral profiles of cellulosic, hemicellulosic and total CHO. Based on spectral analysis, CLA and PCA also did not produce any alterations among different treatments in original spectra at cellulosic, hemicellulosic and total CHO regions. In conclusion, the molecular spectral technique with multivariate spectral technique can be considered as a research tool to investigate the magnitude of heat-induced change in carbohydrate molecular structure and other biopolymers in feeds, seed and plant tissues. These techniques could be used in the food and feed industry in which, losing or changing carbohydrate molecular chemistry was able to be detected in rapidly without any destruction and chemical hazardous. Further studies are needed to understand the trend in structural changes by heating with increasing temperature and time of exposure.Keywords: carbohydrate molecular, heat processing, molecular spectroscopy, soybean seed, feedsAnimal Production 14(1):23-31, January 201
Tenderness and the Calpain System of Three Different Types of Muscles of Kejobong Does under Two Different Energy Levels
Get PDFAbstract. The purpose of research was to investigate whether there was influence of the addition of concentrates in basal feed on meat tenderness and calpastatin and calpain activities of three muscles of Kejobong does. A total of 20 heads of Kejobong does (2.0-2.5 years) with initial live weight range between 23.8-24.2 kg was studied and randomly set in two kinds of feed treatment, ie basal feed (p0) and basal feed plus concentrates (p1). Two kinds of feed were given to Kejobong doe for 12 weeks.  The observed variables were (1) tenderness of meat, (2) calpain activity (m-calpain activity and the activity of m-calpain), and (3) calpastatin activity. Data were processed using the General Linear Model Univariate procedure and Pearson Bivariate Correlation of the SPSS program. Results showed that feeding (basal feed and basal feed plus concentrates) significantly affected meat tenderness of Kejobong doe. The types of muscles had highly significant effect on tenderness. Feeds affected m-calpain activity, m-calpain activity, and calpastatin activity in the muscles. Types of muscles exhibited variation in the activity of m-calpain, the activity of m-calpain, and calpastatin activity.  In conclusion, the addition of concentrates in the basal feed increased meat tenderness, and affected the activity of m-calpain, m-calpain, and calpastatin.Keywords: activity of m-calpain and m-calpain, calpastatin activity, Kejobong doeAnimal Production 14(1):47-55, January 201
The Genetic Variation of Bali Cattle (Bos javanicus) Based on Sex Related Y Chromosome Gene
Get PDFBali cattle is very popular Indonesian local beef related to their status in community living process of farmers in Indonesia, especially as providers of meat and exotic animal. Bali cattle were able to adapt the limited environment and becoming local livestock that existed until recently. In our early study by microsatellites showed that Bali cattle have specific allele. In this study we analyzed the variance of partly sex related Y (SRY) gene sequence in Bali cattle bull as a source of cement for Artificial Insemination (AI). Blood from 17 two location of AI center, Singosari, Malang and Baturiti, Bali was collected and then extracted to get the DNA genome. PCR reaction was done to amplify partially of SRY gene segment and followed by sequencing PCR products to get the DNA sequence of SRY gene. The SRY gene sequence was used to determine the genetic variation and phylogenetic relationship. We found that Bali cattle bull from Singosari has relatively closed genetic relationship with Baturiti. It is also supported that in early data some Bali bulls of Singosari were came from Baturiti. It has been known that Baturiti is the one source of Bali cattle bull with promising genetic potential. While, in general that Bali bull where came from two areas were not different on reproductive performances. It is important to understand about the genetic variation of Bali cattle in molecular level related to conservation effort and maintaining the genetic characters of the local cattle. So, it will not become extinct or even decreased the genetic quality of Indonesian indigenous cattle. Key Words : Bali cattle, SRY gene, artificial insemination, phylogenetic, allele Animal Production 13(3):150-155 (2011