Animal Production (E-Journal, JAP)
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The Activation Method of Lactoperoxidase System to Inhibit Microbial Activity in Fresh Milk
Get PDFLactoperoxidase system is antimicrobial system in milk. The LPO system has been succesfully applied in tropical regions to prolong the shelf life of milk. However, the LPOS activation is mostly conducted in the first hour of storage. In the case of milk processing manufacture, it takes up to 6 until 7 hours to preserve milk, therefore in this article, LPOS activation is discussed based on different activation time. The initial LPOS activation was conducted at the first and the third storage hour with formula of 0.25 ml of 0.0125 mM SCN-; 0.25 ml of 0.0125 mM H2O2 and 0.5 ml of 35 U/ml LPO in 9 ml of milk and the second activation was conducted with formula of 0.25 ml of 0.0125 mM SCN-; 0.25 ml of 0.0125 mM H2O2 and 0.5 ml of 35 U/ml LPO into 9 ml milk and formula 0.5 ml of 0.05 mM SCN-; 0.5 ml of 0.05 mM H2O2 and 1 ml of 35 U/ml LPO into 8 ml of milk at 30 °C. The result of research shows that the activation at the third hour with formula of 0.5 ml of 0.05 mM SCN-; 0.5 ml of 0.05 mM H2O2 and 1 ml of 35 U/ml LPO into 8 ml of milk can decrease total milk microbe up to below the standard of total fresh milk microbe that is 5.35x103 CFU/ml and pH level is 6.475.  This research indicates that the LPOS activation at the third storage hour with formula of 0.5 ml of 0.05 mM SCN-; 0.5 ml of 0.05 mM H2O2 and 1 ml of 35 U/ml LPO can be used to inhibit the growth of milk microbes at 30 ° C, therefore, milk is safe to be consumed. Animal Production 15(2):119-126, May 201
Identification of MspI Polymorphism in the Forth Intron of Chicken Growth Hormone Gene and Their Associations with Growth Traits in Indonesia Native Chickens
Get PDFAbstract. The objective of this research was to identify MspI polymorphism in the forth intron of chicken growth hormone (cGH) gene and their associations with growth traits in native Indonesian chickens. A total of 72 Indonesia native chickens were genotyped for a locus in the forth intron of cGH gene (cGH-I4/MspI locus) by PCR-RFLP with MspI restriction enzyme. The result showed two genotypes in this locus: AA and BB, with the frequency of 90.28% and 9.72%, respectively. Based on body weight average, B allele had a beneficial effect in increasing the live body weight. The result of General Linier Models analysis indicated that the polymorphism of this locus had significant association (P<0.05) with body weight at 4 months of age and so did the daily gain between 2 to 4 months of age. Therefore, these results suggest that there is a possibility of cGH-I4/MspI locus acting as a genetic marker for growth traits of native Indonesian chickens, especially for body weight at 4 months and daily gain between 2 to 4 months of age. Keywords: polymorphism, cGH gene, growth traits, Indonesia native chickens. Abstrak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi polimorfisme MspI intron ke-4 pada gen hormon pertumbuhan ayam (cGH) dan hubungannya dengan sifat pertumbuhan pada ayam asli Indonesia. Sebanyak 72 ekor ayam asli Indonesia diidentifikasi gentotipenya untuk lokus pada intron ke-4 dari gen cGH (cGH-I4/MspI lokus) dengan PCR-RFLP mengguakan enzim restriksi MspI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya dua genotipe pada lokus ini: AA dan BB , dengan frekuensi masing-masing 90.28 % dan 9,72 %. Berdasarkan rata-rata bobot badan, alel B memiliki pengaruh yang menguntungkan dalam meningkatkan bobot badan hidup. Hasil analisis General Linier Model menunjukkan bahwa polimorfisme lokus ini memiliki hubungan yang nyata (P<0,05 ) dengan bobot badan pada umur 4 bulan dan begitu pula dengan pertambahan bobot badan harian antara umur 2 sampai 4 bulan. Oleh karena itu, hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa ada kemungkinan cGH-I4/MspI lokus bertindak sebagai penanda genetik untuk sifat pertumbuhan ayam asli Indonesia, terutama untuk bobot badan pada umur 4 bulan dan pertambahan bobot badan harian ayam antara umur 2 sampai 4 bulan. Kata kunci: polimorfisme , gen cGH , sifat pertumbuhan , ayam asli Indonesia.MA Mu’in and S Lumatauw/Animal Production 15(1):1-7, January 201
Effects of Amino Acid Supplementation on Nutritional Values and L-Carnitin of Broiler Meat
Get PDFAbstract. Fat is the source of energy and fatty acid in poultry nutrition but palm oil addition will increase fat and lower protein meat content. Proper diet manipulation can modify broiler meat nutrient content and increase its nutritional value. Essential and nonessential amino acid supplementation was reported to affect meat nutrient composition. This research was aimed to manipulate meat nutrient content by amino acid supplementation. Completely Randomized Design was assigned to six treatment and four replicates. Broilers were fed with treatment feed consisted of R0 (basal feed with 5% palm oil); R1 (basal feed + 0.25% glycine); R2 (basal feed + 0.25% taurine); R3 (basal feed + 15% total lysine and methionine basal feed); R4 (basal feed + 0.25% glycine + 0.25% taurine); R5 (basal feed + 0.25% glycine + 0.25% taurine + 15% total lysine and methionine of basal feed). Parameters observed were dry matter content, crude protein, crude fat and L-carnitine of meat. Meat nutrient content was subjected to anova followed by Tukey test for changes in variables, while descriptive statistics were used to analyzed L-carnitine. Result showed that amino acid supplementation significantly increased broiler dry matter and fat content but did not significantly affect protein content. L-carnitine decreased after amino acid supplementation except broilers fed with R5 ration. It can be concluded that broilers fed with R5 ration was the most nutritious due to high L-carnitine and meat protein but relatively low fat. Key words: amino acid, broiler, L-carnitine, meat nutrient content Abstrak. Lemak merupakan sumber energi dan sumber asam lemak pada nutrisi unggas, tetapi penambahan minyak sawit akan meningkatkan proporsi lemak dan menurunkan protein. Manipulasi yang tepat pada pakan ayam broiler dapat memodifikasi kandungan nutrien daging dan meningkatkan nilai nutrisinya. Suplemenasi asam amino esensial dan nonesensial dilaporkan dapat berpengaruh terhadap komposisi nutrien daging. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanipulasi kandungan nutrien daging dengan suplementasi asam amino. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan enam perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Ayam broiler diberi pakan perlakuan yang terdiri dari R0 (ransum basal mengandung 5% minyak sawit); R1 (ransum basal + 0,25% glisin); R2 (ransum basal + 0,25% taurin); R3 (ransum basal + 15% total lisin dan methionin ransum basal); R4 (ransum basal + 0,25% glisin + 0,25% taurin); R5 (ransum basal + 0,25% glisin + 0,25% taurin + 15% total lisin dan methionin ransum basal). Parameter yang diamati pada penelitian ini meliputi bahan kering, protein kasar, lemak kasar dan L-karnitin pada daging. Kandungan nutrien daging dianalisis menggunakan analisis variansi kemudian dilanjutkan uji Tukey apabila ada perbedaan yang muncul dalam peubah, sedangkan L-karnitin dianalisis menggunakan deskriptif statistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan suplementasi asam amino meningkatkan kandungan bahan kering dan lemak daging, tetapi tidak berpengaruh pada kandungan protein daging. Kandungan L-karnitin daging sebagian besar turun dengan suplementasi asam amino, kecuali ayam yang diberi pakan R5. Disimpulkan bahwa kandungan daging ayam broiler yang diberi pakan R5 paling nutrisional karena mengandung L-karnitin daging dan protein tinggi dan relatif rendah lemak. Kata kunci : asam amino, ayam broiler, L-karnitin, kandungan nutrien dagin
Everyday Flux of Smallholder Beef Farming: System Overview of the Beef Farming Situation Under a Government Grant
Get PDFAbstract. Smallholders dominate the beef farming in Indonesia. As a complex system, developing the smallholders need to be approached using a system thinking study. This study aimed to explore everyday activities of the smallholder beef farming which lead to an identification of any unfavorable conditions of the current situation. This is an initial step of a systems thinking approach. Descriptive study involving stakeholders of smallholder farmers group have been undertaken in KabupatenBanyumas and Banjarnegara. Descriptive analysis was performed, and a qualitative model was developed to mimic the current beef farming in both locations. Result showed that there is a growing tendency of shifting from breeding to fattening, buying and selling conditions were disadvantageous for smallholders, and the availability of grant encourage side-tracking behavior which confirmed in the model.  Key words: smallholders, beef farming, side-tracking, qualitative model, systems thinking Abstrak. Peternakan sapi di Indonesia didominasi oleh peternak kecil dalam sebuahsistem yang kompleks. Dibutuhkan pendekatan sistem untuk mempelajari sistemtersebut. Penelitianini bertujuan mengkaji aktivitas sehari-hari yang terjadi dalam sebuah sistem usaha peternakan sapi potong skala kecil untuk mengidentifikasi aktivitas yang berpotensi menjadi sumber permasalahan. Identifikasi permasalahan merupakan awal penting dari sebuah analisis sistem. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif dengan melibatkan pemangku kepentingan yang terkait dengan sistem usaha peternakan sapi potong di Kabupaten Banyumas dan Banjarnegara. Data dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif dan pemodelan kualitatif. Penelitian menunjukkan adanya kecenderungan peternak untuk bergeser dari pembibitan kearah penggemukan, praktik jual beli yang tidak berpihak pada peternak, dan kecenderungan bertambahnya side-tracker dengan meningkatnya hibah. Kata kunci: peternak kecil, peternakan sapi potong, side-tracking, pemodelan kualitatif, systems thinkin
Physiochemical and Organoleptic Features of Goat Milk Kefir Made of Different Kefir Grain Concentration on Controlled Fermentation
Get PDFAbstract. Kefir contains bacteria and complex yeast in protein and polysaccharide matrix formed during anaerobic growth. Kefir fermentation uses kefir grains as starter. This research was aimed to evaluate the physiochemical and organoleptic composition of goat milk kefir made of different kefir grain concentration at controlled fermentation. Materials used were 27 litres of Ettawah crossbred (PE) milk and kefir grains. The experimental research was subject to Completely Randomized Factorial Design with nine combined treatments namely kefir grain concentrations (1, 3, and 5%) and controlled pH fermentation (5.5, 5.0, 4.5) with three repetitions. The observed variables were total solids (%), kefir proximate (%), alcohol level (%), kefir grain profile (SEM) and kefir organoleptic semi-trained panel. Result demonstrated that kefir total solids in all treatments and interactions were generally equal but significantly affected kefir alcohol level, kefir protein percentage, fat content and ash content. Hedonic scale showed that different kefir grain concentration and pH in fermentation significantly affected goat milk kefir texture, flavor and aroma. It was concluded that 1% kefir grain concentration and 4.5 pH in fermentation produced the lowest alcohol level or 0.283% and had the most preferable flavor and aroma based on rank test. Key words: kefir, concentration, fermentation, goat milk, kefir grains Abstrak. Kefir mengandung bakteri dan ragi kompleks dalam protein dan matrik polisakarida yang terbentuk selama pertumbuhan anaerobic. Fermentasi kefir menggunakan biji kefir sebagai starter. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji komposisi fisiokimiawi dan organoleptik kefir susu kambing yang terbuat dari biji kefir dengan konsentrasi berbeda pada fermentasi kontrol. Materi yang digunakan dua puluh tujuh liter susu kambing Peranakan Ettawah (PE) dan biji kefir. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola faktorial dengan sembilan kombinasi perlakuan, yaitu konsentrasi biji kefir (1, 3, dan 5%) dan fermentasi pH kontrol (5.5, 5.0, 4.5) dengan tiga pengulangan. Peubah yang diamati adalah total padatan (%), perkiraan kefir (%), kadar alkohol (%), profil biji kefir (SEM) dengan panel organoleptik agak terlatih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa total padatan kefir di semua perlakuan dan interaksi pada umumnya sama namun secara nyata mempengaruhi kadar alkohol kefir persentase protein kefir, kandungan lemak dan abu. Skala hedonik menunjukkan bahwa konsentrat biji kefir dan pH yang berbeda dalam fermentasi secara nyata mempengaruhi tekstur, rasa dan aroma kefir susu kambing. Disimpulkan bahwa 1% konsentrat biji kefir dan 4.5 pH dalam fermentasi menghasilkan kadar alkohol rendah atau 0.23% dan memiliki rasa serta aroma yang paling disukai berdasarkan uji peringkat. Kata kunci: kefir, konsentrat, fermentasi, susu kambing, biji kefi
Analysis of The Factors Motivating Dairy Farmers in The Southern Slope of Merapi Volcano to Return to Their Endangered Settlement Post Eruption 2010
Get PDFAbstract: This study aimed to analyze the factors motivating dairy farmers in disaster-prone area (DPA) in the southern slopes of Merapi volcano to return to their endangered settlement, post 2010 eruption. The research samples, using census method, were dairy farmers in DPA III (Kaliadem hamlet) and DPA II (Gondang Wetan hamlet), both in Cangkringan district. Study site was a disaster-prone areas, directly affected by Merapi eruption in 2010. Villages in the affected areas selected with consideration had the highest population of dairy cattles before the eruption of Merapi 2010 and was the closest village to the peak. Research conducted by the survey method. The results showed that the value of Hosmer and Lemeshow 0.909, so the model was declared fit to the data. Value Omnibus Tests of model coefficients 0.000, it was concluded that the independent variables were used together influence to the willingness of farmers to return to their endangered settlement, post eruption 2010.  Nagelkerke R square value of 0.818, which means the ability of the independent variables were explained 81.8% the models.  Independent variables that  motivated the desire of farmers to return to their endangered settlement were: 1) dairy cattle ownership, 2) education, 3) culture and 4) information. Odds ratio value were respectively: 2.166 (dairy cattle ownership), 1.402 (education), 225.287 (culture) and 0.017 (information). Cultural factors had the highest propensity value for motivating dairy farmers to return to their endangered settlement post the eruption of 2010.Key words: motivate, endangered settlement, dairy farmers, southern slopes, Merapi volcano  Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keinginan peternak sapi perah di daerah rawan bencana di lereng selatan Gunungapi Merapi untuk kembali ke dusun asal mereka sebelum erupsi 2010. Sampel atau materi penelitian adalah peternak sapi perah di KRB III (Dusun Kaliadem) dan KRB II (Dusun Gondang Wetan). Kedua dusun termasuk wilayah Kecamatan Cangkringan. Pengambilan responden dilakukan menggunakan metode sensus. Lokasi penelitian merupakan daerah rawan bencana, yang secara langsung terkena dampak dari erupsi Merapi 2010. Desa di daerah bencana dipilih dengan pertimbangan memiliki populasi sapi perah terbanyak pada saat sebelum letusan Merapi 2010 dan merupakan desa terdekat dengan puncak Merapi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai Hosmer dan Lemeshow 0,909 sehingga model dinyatakan fit dengan data. Nilai Omnibus Tests dari model coefficients 0,000, maka disimpulkan bahwa variabel bebas yang digunakan secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap keinginan peternak untuk kembali ke lokasi dusun semula sebelum erupsi 2010. Nilai Nagelkerke R2 0,818 yang artinya kemampuan variabel bebas menjelaskan model sebesar 81,8%. Variabel bebas yang berpengaruh terhadap keinginan peternak untuk kembali adalah: 1) kepemilikan sapi, 2) budaya, 3) informasi dan 4) pendidikan. Nilai Odds Ratio berturut-turut sebesar 2,166 (kepemilikan sapi), 225,287 (budaya), 0,017 (informasi) dan 1,402 (pendidikan). Faktor budaya memiliki nilai kecenderungan yang tertinggi untuk mempengaruhi keinginan peternak untuk kembali ke dusun semula sebelum erupsi 2010.Kata kunci: keinginan kembali, peternak sapi perah, lereng selatan, gunungapi Merap
Analysis of Newborn Calves Measurement for Early Selection Analysis in Aceh Bulls at The Breeding Station
Get PDFAbstract. Aceh cattle is one of Indonesian germplasms with many advantages for development in the tropics. The purpose of the study was to select Aceh bulls based on newborn calves measurements. Data comprised 294 calves from nine bulls. The variance components of heritability (h2) and repeatability (r) estimation were obtained from data analysis using SPSS 16.0 software. Breeding value was estimated on the newborn calves measurement namely birth weight (BW), thoracic girth (TG), withers height (WH) and body length (BL). The genetic parameter values of newborn measurements were moderate category (0.100.30) for repetability (r). The average of newborn calves measurements was 13.99+1.96 kg (BW), 54.50+3.24 cm (TG), 56.37+3.41 cm (WH) and 45.13+2.86 cm (BL). Bull A (ID: P.075) was the best bull with cumulative breeding value 5.05. Key words: Aceh cattle, newborn measurements, genetic parameters, breeding value Abstrak. Sapi Aceh merupakan salah satu plasma nutfah Indonesia. Sapi ini memiliki banyak kelebihan untuk dikembangkan di daerah tropis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menyeleksi pejantan sapi Aceh berdasarkan ukuran lahir pada pedet. Data yang digunakan terdiri dari 294 ekor pedet dari sembilan pejantan. Estimasi komponen ragam heritabilitas dan estimasi ripitabilitas dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak SPSS 16.0. Estimasi nilai pemuliaan dihitung berdasarkan ukuran lahir pedet: berat badan (BB), lingkar dada (LD), tinggi gumba (TG) dan panjang badan (PB). Nilai parameter genetik pada ukuran lahir termasuk kategori sedang (0,100,30) untuk ripitabilitas (r). Rata-rata ukuran lahir pedet adalah 13,99+1,96 kg (BB), 54,50+3,24 cm (LD), 56,37+3,41 cm (TG) and 45,13+2,86 cm (PB). Pejantan A (ID: P.075) merupakan pejantan terbaik dengan nilai pemuliaan kumulatif sebesar 5,05. Kata kunci: Sapi Aceh, ukuran lahir, parameter genetik, nilai pemuliaa
Evaluation of Crossbred Heifer Calves Rearing Practices and Growth Performace in Urban and Peri-Urban Dairy Systems of Sebeta Awas Wereda, Oromia, Ethiopia
Get PDFAbstract. The study was aimed at evaluating the rearing practice and growth performance of heifer calves in urban and peri-urban dairy systems of Sebeta Awas Wereda, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia. Stratified random sampling method was used to select target farms and sample respondents for the prepared questionnaire. Farms for monitoring study was selected from data collected during the survey. Hence, 18 farms which had crossbred dairy heifer calves of (3-6 months of age), were purposively selected from both production systems and across the entire herd size category. Eighteen heifer calves were monitored from 18 different farms (2 production systems, 3 farm sizes, 3 replicates). Dairy farming has been gradually expanding in the area through years where above 90% of farms were established within last fifteen years. The overall average crossbred dairy herd size per household was 10.6±2.1 in urban and 11.3±2 in peri-urban area, where, the proportion of heifers accounted for 50.5% for urban and 48.8% for peri-urban farms of their respective total herds. Stall-feeding system is commonly practiced in urban and peri-urban farms, mostly feeding hay, straw, high-energy and protein feeds. Above 91.7% households raised their heifer calves through bucket feeding, where, 60%, 26% and 14% of overall farms weaned their calves at three, four and above four months of age respectively. Crude protein (CP) to metabolizable energy (ME) ratio of offered feeds to heifer calves were slightly below the desired level (66:1) in most farms. Body weight change, body condition score, girth height and average daily body weight gain (adg) of heifer calves were not affected by production systems. There was significant difference in body weight changes and adg due to difference in herd sizes. The overall observed heifer calf rearing and growth were good. But relatively inferior performance and prominent management problems were observed in medium sized farms Key words: heifer calf, urban, peri-urban, body weight, body condition score Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi praktik budidaya dan pertumbuhan sapi heifer di peternakan kota dan pinggir kota di Sebeta Awas Wereda, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia. Metode sample acak terstruktur digunakan untuk memilih target peternakan dan sampel responden untuk kuesioner. Peternakan untuk penelitian dipilih dari data yang dikumpulkan selama survei, sehingga ada 18 peternakan dengan sapi heifer perah silang berusia 3-6 bulan dipilih baik dari segi sistem produksi dan dari seluruh kategory jumlah ternak. Delapan belas sapi heifer diteliti dari 18 peternakan berbeda (2 sistem produksi, 3 ukuran peternakan, 3 pengulangan). Peternakan sapi perah berangsur berkembang di daerah itu sepanjang tahun dimana lebih dari 90% peternakan dibangun selama 15 tahun terakhir. Total rataan jumlah ternak sapi perah silang per rumah tangg adalah 10,6±2,1 di daerah kota dan 11,3±2 di pinggiran kota, dimana proporsi total ternak heifer sejumlah 50,5% di kota dan 48,85% di pinggiran kota. Sistem stall feeding umumnya diterapkan di peternakan kota dan pinggir kota yang sebagian besar menggunakan pakan jerami, rumput serta pakan tinggi protein dan energi. Lebih dari 97,6% rumah tangga memelihara ternaknya dengan pakan yang diberikan dalam ember, 60% peternakan memelihara ternak berumur 3 bulan, 26% empat bulan dan 14% diatas 4 bulan. Rasio protein kasar (PK) terhadap energi metabolit (ME) pada pakan berada di bawah level peternakan pada umumnya (66:1). Perubahan bobot tubuh, nilai kondisi tubuh, lingkar dada dan penambahan bobot tubuh harian (pbbh) sapi heifer tidak dipengaruhi oleh sistem produksi. Ada perbedaan nyata dalam perubahan bobot tubuh dan pbbh karena perbedaan jumlah ternak. Keseluruhan kondisi pemeliharaan dan pertumbuhan sapi heifer bagus, namun peternakan berukuran sedang menunjukkan performa yang kurang baik dan masalah manajemen yang menonjol. Kata kunci: sapi heifer, kota, pinggir kota, bobot tubuh, nilai kondisi tubu
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Avian Influenza Vaccines in Native Chicken Using Two by Two Contingency Table
Get PDFAbstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination program analysis method using the 2 x 2 contingency table to provide better assessment to the vaccination program management and implementation. This study used survey methods. A total of 230 serum samples from vaccinated chickens and 20 serum samples from unvaccinated chickens were used. The blood serum samples were then examined with the Hemagglutination Inhibition Test/HI to measure antibody levels. The data were analyzed using a 2 x 2 contingency table. Results showed that the level of vaccine protection was 68.92% with 31.31% vaccines failure rate, the level of natural protective immunity in samples was 0%, 100% vaccines specificity and the effectiveness of the vaccine was 71.20%. Keywords: Vaccination, contingency table, hemaglutination inhibition. Abstrak. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi keberhasilan program vaksinasi dengan menggunakan tabel kontingensi 2 x 2 yang diharapkan dapat digunakan untuk menilai manajemen program vaksinasi yang lebih komprehensif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei, dengan total 230 sampel serum dari ayam divaksinasi dan 20 sampel serum dari ayam yang tidak divaksinasi. Sampel serum darah ayam kemudian diperiksa dengan uji hemaglutinasi inhibisi/HI untuk mengukur tingkat antibodi. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan tabel kontingensi 2 x 2. Hasil menunjukan bahwa tingkat proteksi vaksin yang diaplikasikan sebesar 68,92 % dengan tingkat kegagalan vaksin 31,31 %. Tingkat kekebalan alami yang protektif pada sampel  sebesar 0 %, spesifitas vaksin 100 %, dan efektifitas vaksin sebesar 71,20 %. Kata kunci: Vaksinasi, tabel kontingensi, inhibisi hemaglutinasi.M Indradji and Sufirianto/Animal Production 15(1):62-68, January 2013Â
The Efficacy of Methanol Extract of Garlic (Allium sativum) to Improve Rumen Fermentation Products
Get PDFAbstract.  This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of the increase levels of garlic extract (Allium sativum, As) in beef cattle feed on rumen fermentation products and microbial populations. The materials used  were rumen fluid and control feed (40 % fermented rice straw:60% concentrate). The research method was experimental using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) applying 7 treatments which were repeated 3 times. The tested feed treatments were S0 (control feed), S1 (S0 + 1.5 ppm of Cr, S2 (S0 + 250 ppm of As extract), S3 (S1 + 250 ppm of As extract), S4 (S1 + 500 ppm of As extract), S5 (S1 +  750 ppm of As extract) and, S6 (S1  + 1000 ppm of As extract). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and followed by Honestly Significant Difference test. The results showed that the treatment effects on total bacteria, protozoa population, total gas and methane were highly significant but had no effect on dry matter digestibilityDMD and organic matter digestibility OMD and production of VFA. The treatments increased total bacteria but decreased total gas and methane. The best result was achieved on treatment S6 (supplementation of As at the level of 1000 ppm in the feed) of which the feed with adequate Cr will result in the most efficient of fermentation.Keywords: Extract of Allium sativum, organic Cr, microbial population, rumen fermentation, beef cattleAbstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh dan level penambahan ekstrak  bawang putih (Allium sativum, As) dalam pakan  sapi potong terhadap  produk fermentasi dan populasi mikroba rumen. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah cairan rumen sapi potong dan pakan kontrol (jerami fermentasi :  konsentrat; 40:60%). Metode penelitian adalah eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) 7 perlakuan, setiap perlakuan diulang 3 kali. Pakan perlakuan yang diujicobakan pada sapi potong yaitu S0: pakan kontrol, S1: S0 + 1,5 ppm Cr, S2: S0 + 250 ppm ekstrak As, S3: S1 + 250 ppm ekstrak As, S4: S1 + 500 ppm ekstrak As, S5: S1 + 750 ppm ekstrak As, S6: S1 + 1000 ppm ekstrak As. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis variansi dilanjutkan uji Beda Nyata Jujur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  perlakuan  berpengaruh terhadap total bakteri, populasi protozoa,  gas total dan metan tetapi  tidak berpengaruh terhadap kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik serta produksi VFA.  Perlakuan mampu meningkatkan total bakteri serta menurunkan gas total dan metan. Hasil terbaik, pada pakan perlakuan S6 yaitu suplementasi ekstrak As pada taraf 1000 ppm pada pakan yang tercukupi Cr organik menghasilkan efisiensi fermentasi yang paling baik.Kata kunci : Ekstrak Allium sativum, mineral mikro organik, populasi mikroba,  fermentasi rumen,  sapi potongCH Prayitno and N Hidyat/Animal Production 15(1):69-75, January 2013Â