Animal Production (E-Journal, JAP)
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Effect of Supplementation of Garlic Husk Extract to The Feed of Dairy Goats on The Fermentation Product and Ruminal Microbe
Get PDFAbstract. This study was designed to examine the effects of supplementation with husk extract of garlic (Allium sativum) in the feed of dairy goats containing sufficient amount of  organic minerals (Selenium, Chromium and Zinc) on the fermentation and microbes in the rumen. The materials used in this study were the rumen fluid of goat, goat ration composed of 60% grass, 35% tofu, and 5% concentrate (CP 11.90%, CF 28.57%, 60.94% TDN). The research method was experimental using a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments were tested, namely R0: control diet; R1: R0 + Cr + 1.5 ppm 40 ppm Zn lysinat + 0.3 ppm Se; R2: R1 + 15 ppm  of garlic husk extract (Allium sativum); R3: R1 + 30 ppm garlic husk extracts ; R4: R1 + 45 ppm  of garlic husk extrat; and R5: R1 + 60 ppm  garlic husk extract. The results showed that the treatment effect on a decrease in dry matter (DMD) and  organic matter digestibility (OMD), protozoa and total gas in total, however, there was an increase in total VFA concentrations. The treatment gave a linear response to the DMD, ie Y = 50.412 - 0.1651X and OMD, Y = -0.1768X + 50.319. However, in response VFA is cubic, with a line equation Y = 203.16 - 3.2646X + 0.2447X2- 0.0033X3. It culd be concluded that  supplementation of garlic husk extract and organic minerals can improve rumen fermentation with the best level at 25 ppm.Key words:  Garlic husk extract, micro minerals, rumen fermentation, dairy goat Abstrak. Penelitian ini dirancang untuk mengkaji pengaruh suplementasi ekstrak kulit bawang putih (Allium sativum) dalam pakan kambing perah yang tercukupi mineral organik (Selenium, Chromium dan Seng) terhadap hasil fermentasi dan mikroba pada rumen. Materi yang digunakan adalah cairan rumen kambing, ransum kambing yang tersusun atas 60% rumput gajah, 35% ampas tahu dan 5% konsentrat (PK 11,90%, SK 28,57%, TDN 60,94%). Metode penelitian adalah eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan yang diujicobakan yaitu R0: pakan kontrol; R1: R0 + 1,5 ppm Cr + 40 ppm Zn lysinat + 0,3 ppm Se; R2: R1 + 15 ppm ekstrak kulit bawang putih (Allium sativum); R3: R1 + 30 ppm ekstrak kulit bawang putih ; R4: R1 + 45 ppm ekstrak kulit bawang putih ; dan R5: R1 + 60 ppm ekstrak kulit bawang putih . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan berpengaruh terhadap penurunan kecernaan bahan kering (KBK) dan kecernaan bahan organik (KBO), protozoa dan gas total, namun demikian terjadi peningkatan konsentrasi VFA total. Perlakuan memberikan respon linier terhadap Kecernaan Bahan Kering, yaitu Y = 50.412 - 0,1651X  dan KBO, Y = -0,1768X + 50,319. Namun demikian pada  VFA  responnya adalah kubik, dengan persamaan garis Y = 203,16 – 3,2646X + 0,2447X2 – 0,0033X3. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa suplementasi ekstrak kulit bawang putih dan mineral organik dapat memperbaiki fermentasi rumen dengan level terbaik 25 ppm. Kata kunci : ekstrak kulit bawang putih, mineral mikro, fermentasi rumenÂ
Effect of Substitution of Bovine Rumen Epithelial Tissue Scrapings for Fishmeal on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilization and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens
Get PDFAbstract. An eight-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the performance, nutrient utilization and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed varied levels of bovine rumen epithelial tissue scrapings (BRETS) in replacement for fish meal at 0, 50 and 100% levels of substitution. Fifty four birds were used for the study and the birds were randomly distributed into three (3) dietary treatments which were randomly assigned to the rations. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum and data were collected on the feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and nutrient utilization. Data were also collected on the carcass characteristics after some birds had been slaughtered at the end of the experiment. Data collected were subjected to one-way analysis of variance and significant differences were indicated using Duncan multiple range test to separate the means. Results indicated that there was significant difference (P0.05) in the weight gain, heart and lung weights. It was concluded that up to 50% BRETS inclusion as substitute for fish meal protein could be employed without any adverse effect, to maintain the quality of the broiler chicken while minimizing the high cost of whole fishmeal since BRETS is an abattoir by-product that is readily available locally. Keywords: Broiler chicken, epithelial tissue scrapings, fish meal, bovine rumen. Abstrak. Sebuah percobaan pakan selama delapan minggu dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja, pemanfaatan nutrisi dan karakteristik karkas ayam broiler yang diberi berbagai tingkat kerokan jaringan epitel (BRETS) rumen sapi sebagai pengganti tepung ikan pada 0 , 50 dan 100% tingkat substitusi. Lima puluh empat ayam broiler yang digunakan untuk penelitian dibagi secara acak ke dalam tiga (3) perlakuan pakan. Pakan dan air minum diberikan secara tak terbatas dan dicatat data konsumsi pakan, pertambahan bobot badan, rasio konversi pakan dan pemanfaatan nutrisi. Data lainnya yang diamati adalah karakteristik karkas setelah ayam dipotong pada akhir percobaan. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis dengan analisis ragam satu arah dan perbedaan nyata ditunjukkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan untuk memisahkan nilai tengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan (P0,05) pada bobot badan, jantung dan bobot paru-paru. Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian BRETS hingga 50 % sebagai pengganti protein tepung ikan dapat digunakan tanpa efek samping, untuk menjaga kualitas ayam broiler sambil menekan biaya tepung ikan yang mahal karena BRETS adalah hasil samping rumah pemotongan hewan yang tersedia secara lokal. Kata kunci: Ayam broiler, kerokan jaringan epitel rumen sapi, tepung ikan,SA Salami et al./Animal Production 15(1):15-23, January 2013Â
The Effect of Low-Temperature Thermal Pre-Treatment on Methane Yield of Pig Manure Fractions
Get PDFAbstract. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of low-temperature thermal pre-treatment on the methane yield of pig manure fractions. Four different temperatures ranging from 65°C to 80°C were applied for 20 h to whole pig manure and the solid fraction of pig manure derived from solid-liquid manure separation. The results showed significant improvements in methane yield both in pig manure and solid-fraction pig manure at 11 d of the batch digestion test. The improvement was between 9.5-22.5% for pig manure and 6.1-25.3% for solid fraction pig manure. However, at 90 d of the batch digestion assay the effect of low-temperature pre-treatment on methane yield was significant only for the 65°C treatment. Application of low-temperature thermal pre-treatment appears to be a promising method to improve methane yield of pig manure fractions, particularly when surplus thermal energy is available. Key words: biogas, anaerobic digestion, thermal pre-treatment, pig manure, methane. Abstrak.  Penelitan ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh pre-treatment pada suhu rendah terhadap produksi methan dari bagian manure babi. Perlakuan pre-treatment yang digunakan berupa empat level temperatur mulai dari 65°C sampai dengan 80°C selama 20 jam yang diterapkan pada manure babi dan bagian padat manure babi yang diperoleh dari pemisahan bagian cair dan bagian padat manure babi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan produksi methan secara signifikan setelah 11 hari inkubasi dengan digester model batch. Produksi methane meningkat antara 9,5-22,5% pada manure babi dan 6,1-25,3% pada bagian padat manure babi. Namun demikian setelah 90 hari inkubasi, pengaruh dari penggunaan pre-treatment pada suhu rendah hanya berpengaruh siginifikan pada temperatur 65°C saja. Penggunaan pre-treatment pada suhu rendah menunjukkan bahwa metode tersebut merupakan metode yang menjanjikan untuk meningkatkan produksi methan dari manure babi khususnya apabila terdapat surplus energi. Kata kunci : biogas, digesti secara anaerob, pre-treatment dengan pemanasan, manure babi, metha
Supplementation Effect of Herbal and Organic Minerals in Beef Cattle Feed on Consumption, Digestibility, Efficiency and Daily Gain
Get PDFAbstract. The experiment was conducted in an attempt to study the effect of supplementation of Sapindus rarak, garlic powder and its combinations in beef cattle feed enriched with organic minerals of Cr and Zn on feed consumption, feed digestibility, feed efficiency, daily gain of beef cattle. The study used 16 males Brahman cross cows, which were fed with feeds supplemented with 250 ppm Sapindus rarak powder, 250 ppm Garlic powder, and a combination of 250 ppm garlic-Sapindus rarak enriched with Cr and Zn mineral. The results showed that supplementation of Sapindus rarak, garlic and enriched organic minerals increased the consumption of dry matter, organic matter, digestibility of dry and organic matter, daily gain, feed efficiency, and reduced the population of rumen protozoa and bacteria. Conclusively, supplementation with 250 ppm garlic powder and Cr-Zn organic minerals was the best for beef cattle feed to improve daily gain and feed efficiency. Key words : Sapindus rarak, garlic, Cr-Zn, beef cattle, feed efficiency Abstrak. Penelitian dilaksanakan bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh suplementasi tepung Sapindus rarak, garlic maupun kombinasinya yang diperkaya dengan mineral organik Cr dan Zn terhadap konsumsi pakan, kecernaan pakan, pertambahan bobot badan dan efisiensi pakan sapi potong. Penelitian menggunakan 16 ekor sapi Brahman cross, yang diberikan 250 ppm tepung Sapindus rarak, 250 ppm tepung Garlic dan 250 ppm tepung Sapindus rarak dan garlic yang diperkaya dengan mineral Cr dan Zn. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa suplementasi tepung Sapindus rarak maupun garlic yang diperkaya mineral organik meningkatkan konsumsi bahan kering, bahan organik, kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik, pertambahan bobot badan, efisiensi pakan dan menurunkan populasi protozoa dan bakteri rumen. Suplementasi 250 ppm tepung garlic dan mineral organik Cr-Zn merupakan suplemen terbaik pada pakan sapi potong untuk meningkatkan bobot badan dan efisiensi pakan. Kata kunci : Sapindus rarak, bawang, Cr-Zn, sapi potong, efisiensi paka
Physical Characteristic and Palatability of Bio-Supplement Biscuit for Dairy Goat
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to evaluate the physical characteristic and palatability of bio-supplement biscuit for dairy goat. This experimental research applied Completely Randomized Design, constituting 20 heads of dairy goat randomly assigned to five dietary treatments. The treatments were R1 = bio-supplement biscuit of Indigofera sp; R2 = bio-supplement biscuit of Sauropus androgynus L. Merr leaf; R3 = bio-supplement biscuit of Carica papaya L leaf; R4= bio-supplement biscuit of Sauropus androgynus L. Merr leaf and Indigofera sp; R5= bio-supplement biscuit of Carica papaya L leaf and Indigofera sp. The variables measured were moisture, water activity, water absorption, density, and palatability. The results indicated significant effect of bio-supplement biscuit treatment on water content, water absorption, density, and palatability, but no significant effect on water activity. Palatability of R1 was 76.38±7.92 g/head, R2 was 23.81±6.08 g/head, R3 was 40.25±3.54 g/head, R4 was 29.56±4.77 g/head, R5 was 95.63±7.36 g/head. Bio-supplement biscuit of Carica papaya L leaf and Indigofera sp had the highest values of dairy goat’s palatability for dairy goat, crude protein (36.65%) and density, but the lowest in water activity.Animal Production 15(2):83-88, May 201
Digestibility and Blood Metabolite Profiles of Chicken Fed Fermented Jatropha Seed Meal
Get PDFThis research had been conducted to obtain a feed formula that is capable of supporting optimal production performance  both in broilers and laying hens fed on feed containing fermented jatropha seed meal and addition saccarides. Fifty four broiler and fifty four layer were used. Nested classification was the experimental design with bird kinds as group, levels of fermented Jatropha curcas meal (JCM-F) (9%, 12%, 15%) as sub group and  levels of fructooligosaccharida/FOS (0.5%; 1%; 1.5%) as a sub sub group. There were 3 replications in each treatment. Jatropha curcas meal was fermented with lactid acid bacteria (L. acidophilus and Bifidobacter spp) for 12 x 24 hour in 37oC. The objective of the research was to evaluate growth, feed consumption, nutrient digestibility (crude protein and gross energy), blood metabolites (glucose, cholesterol and trgliseride). The results showed that the type of chicken had significant effect on growth and protein retention. The level of Jatropha curcas meal had significant effect on blood  serum triglyseride concentration. On the other hand, the level of FOS had no significant effect on all variables. It could be concluded that Jatropha curcas meal is better as broiler feed than layer feed with 0.5% FOS. However, to be used as feed of laying hens, it requires further optimalization of the fermentation process. Animal Production 15(2):98-105, May 201
Income Upgrading Model of Cattlemen in the Utilization of Artificial Insemination Technology: A Case Study in Village of Kanonang III, Regency of Minahasa
Get PDFCattlemen allocate labor on their cattle business. These activities have contributed further to the family income used to meet household needs. Besides the beef business, they seek food crops such as rice, corn, peanuts and so forth to obtain additional income. The breeders utilize the technology of artificial insemination and natural mating in the beef cattle production. The usage of insemination technology is expected to increase the income derived from the beef cattle that will result in increasing the investments and the income of farming food crops. The objectives of this study are to analyze the correlating factors that affect the farmers’ income from the cattle business and farming crops under condition of the usage of artificial insemination technology and to analyze the effects of the external factor changing toward the profits of beef cattle business, the costs of cattle production , the cost of crop production, food crops farm income, animal health costs and the cost of the barn with the condition of the artificial technology usage. The measurement technology of the artificial insemination uses the cost inseminator approach. This research is a case study of 100  cattlemen in the village of Kanonang III Minahasa District selected by random sampling. Model of simultaneous equations with the method of 2 SLS is used to estimate all the parameters of the study. The result of research showed that the economic model of breeders can explain in relation to the use of artificial insemination with income and costs of production in cattle and farm crops well. Insemination technology increases the profits for the cattle production, the costs of cattle production, the costs of crop production, farm food crops income, animal health costs and the cost of the barn. These results indicate that the artificial insemination technology can improve economics the performance of beef breeders.Animal Production 15(2):144-152, May 201
Some Meat Characteristics in Karya Lambs
Get PDFA research was conducted during 2008 and 2009 to determine meat quality characteristics in 72 male and female Karya lambs in pasture, pasture plus feeding and intensive conditions. Significant differences were obtained between fattening groups in M. Longissimus Dorsi muscle for L* (lightness) and the highest value was calculated in intensive groups and male lambs. Also the meat colour appeared redder (high a* value) in this group and their male lambs. The intermusculer fat (marbling) was evaluated better in intensive group and male lambs. Regarding fatty acid composition, while SFA and MUFA were increased in intensive conditon, C16:0 was the highest, C18:0 and C18:1 n-9 were the lowest value in pasture lambs. Ä°t is concluded that the pasture feeding increased P/S, CLA and n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA values.Animal Production 15(2):127-134, May 201
Determination of Metabolizable Energy of Grape Pomace and Raisin Vitis Leaves Using in Vitro Gas Production Technique
Get PDFAbstract. This present study was carried out to determine the fermentation characteristics, metabolizable energy (ME), organic matter digestibility (OMD), short chain fatty acids (SCFA), net energy for lactation (NEl) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) of grape pomace (GP) and raisin vitis leaves (RVL) using gas production technique. Two fistulated whether with average BW 45±2 kg were used. The data was analyzed using completely randomized design. The incubation times were 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h. The gas production of soluble and insoluble fractions (a+b) were 289.49 and 249.93 mLg-1DM and the rate of gas production prices (c) were 0.015 and 0.024 (%/h) for RVL and GP, respectively. The ME, OMD, NEl and VFA for RVL were obtained 15.74 mjkg-1DM, 96.97%, 0.0505 Mcal/lb and 2.787 mmol, and for GP were achieved 13.63 mjkg-1DM, 87.04%, 0.496 Mcal/lb and 2.484 mmol, respectively, that showed significant differences (P<0.05). The amount of gas production in RVL (126.87 mLg-1DM) that was more than GP (112.10 mLg-1 DM) resulted low ME in GP compared to RVL. It was concluded, that the GP and RVL can be used in ruminants diets formulation.Keywords: metabolizable energy, gas production, grape pomace, vitis leaves Abstrak. Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik fermentasi , energi metabolis ( ME ) , kecernaan bahan organik ( OMD ) , asam lemak rantai pendek ( SCFA ) , energi bersih untuk laktasi ( nel ) dan asam lemak volatil ( VFA ) anggur pomace ( GP ) dan daun kismis Vitis ( RVL ) menggunakan teknik produksi gas . Dua berfistula apakah dengan rata-rata 45 ± 2 BW kg digunakan . Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap . Waktu inkubasi adalah 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 12 , 16 , 24 , 36 , 48 dan 72 jam . Produksi gas dari fraksi larut dan tidak larut (a + b ) adalah 289,49 dan 249,93 MLG - 1DM dan tingkat harga produksi gas ( c ) adalah 0,015 dan 0,024 ( % / jam ) untuk RVL dan GP , masing-masing. The ME , OMD , NEL dan VFA untuk RVL diperoleh 15,74 mjkg - 1DM , 96,97 % , 0,0505 Mcal / lb dan 2,787 mmol , dan untuk GP dicapai 13,63 mjkg - 1DM , 87.04 % , 0,496 Mcal / lb dan 2,484 mmol , masing-masing , yang menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (P < 0,05). Jumlah produksi gas di RVL ( 126,87 MLG - 1DM ) yang lebih dari GP ( 112,10 MLG - 1 DM ) menghasilkan ME rendah di GP dibandingkan dengan RVL . Disimpulkan bahwa, GP dan RVL dapat digunakan dalam formulasi diet ruminansia. Kata kunci : inkubasi , produksi gas , anggur pomace , energi metabolis , daun vitis. M Moghaddam et al./Animal Production 15(1):40-46, January 201
Doe Productivity of Boerawa Goat on Rural Condition
Get PDFAbstract. This research was carried out at Gisting sub-District, Tanggamus Regency, in order to find out doe productivity of Boerawa goat on rural on condition. This research involved 120 doe Boerawa goat housed in elevated barns. Measurements were performed to evaluate the litter size, birth weight, weight at weaning, and pre-weaning mortality. The results of the present research showed that birth weight of the kids was 3.10 kg and 2.94 kg for male and female, respectively. The average birth weight was based on the type of birth 3.20 kg and 3.04 kg for the single versus twin born kids. It was documented that the average weight at weaning of the kids were 17.12 kg and 16.23 kg for male and female, respectively. Whereas based on birth type, the average weight was of the single born kids and the twin at weaning were 17.30 versus 16.63 kg. In addition, doe reproduction index was 2.36 weaned kids/year, and the average doe productivity was 41.52 kg. Keywords: Boerawa goat, doe productivity, rural condition. Abstrak. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Gisting Kabupaten Tanggamus, dalam rangka untuk mengetahui produktivitas induk kambing Boerawa pada kondisi pedesaan. Penelitian ini melibatkan 120 induk kambing Boerawa yang dipelihara di kandang panggung. Pengukuran dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi ukuran jumlah cempe sekelahiran, bobot lahir, bobot sapih, dan kematian pra-sapih. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bobot lahir cempe adalah 3,10 kg dan 2,94 kg (masing-masing untuk jantan dan betina). Bobot lahir rata-rata didasarkan pada tipe kelahiran tunggal dan kembar adalah masing-masing 3.20 kg dan 3,04 kg. Diperoleh hasil bahwa bobot sapih adalah 17,12 kg dan 16,23 kg (masing-masing untuk jantan dan betina). Sedangkan berdasarkan tipe kelahiran, bobot sapih rata-rata dari tipe kelahiran tunggal dan kembar adalah 17.30 dan 16.63 kg. Selain itu, indeks reproduksi induk sebesar 2,36 cempe sapihan/tahun, dan produktivitas induk rata-rata adalah 41,52 kg. Kata kunci: Kambing Boerawa, produktivitas induk , kondisi pedesaan.K Adhianto et al./Animal Production 15(1):31-39, January 201