Animal Production (E-Journal, JAP)
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Supplementation of Vitamin E and C in the Feed on Color, Cooking Loss and Tenderness of Muscovy Ducks Meat Stored in Room Temperature, Refrigerator and Freezer
Full text linkResearch has been conducted to determine the effectiveness of antioxidant supplementation of vitamin E and C in the feed to meat quality of the Muscovy duck meat stored at room temperature, refrigerator and freezer. Â Eighty-four Muscovy duck tail males aged 9 weeks maintained for 5 weeks and allocated into 7 treatments with 4 replications and each replication consisted of Muscovy duck 3 heads. Completely Randomized Design was applied, in the which treatments were vitamin E and vitamin C supplementation to the basal feed containing 21% protein and 3100 kcal / kg administered metabolic energy into seven groups namely E0C0: basal feed without Vit E and Vit C, E400: basal feed plus 400 IU of vitamin E, E600: basal feed plus 600 IU of vitamin E, C400: basal feed plus 400 mg / kg feed vitamin C, C600: basal feed plus 600 mg / kg feed as much vitamin C, E200C200: basal feed plus 200 IU vitamin E and 200 mg / kg feed vitamin C, and E300C300: basal feed plus 300 IU of vitamin E and 300 mg / kg feed of vitamin C. The parameters measured were the color of meat that includes the value of L * (lightness), a * (Redness) and b * (yellowness), tenderness and cooking looses. Â The data obtained and the analysis of variance followed honestly significant difference test.Muscovy duck meat that vitamin E-supplemented feed brightness levels did not differ (P> 0.05) with non-supplemented, Â otherwise Muscovy duck meat that feed supplemented vitamin C or a combination of vitamin E and C levels of brightness up to 3 days either at room temperature or stored the refrigerator is still high. Â Supplementation of vitamin E and C was highly significant (P 0.05) between the age of 0 hours with that stored in the refrigerator or freezer. B * value of Muscovy duck meat that feed not given vitamin E and C as well as different combinations (P <0.05) with Muscovy duck meat that feed supplemented with vitamin C or a combination of vitamins E and C. The Muscovy duck meat that feed supplemented vitamin E, C or a combination of vitamins E and C if stored at room temperature or refrigerator up to 3 days the value of L* and a* is still high, but the b * low
Excretions of Urinary Creatinine on Young and Mature Kacang Goat under Different Feeding Levels
Full text linkAbstract. This study was aimed to examine the excretion of urinary creatinine in young and mature Kacang goat bucks under different feeding levels. This study used 16 Kacang goat bucks consisting of 2 groups of age, i.e. eight young bucks (aged 6-7 months, weighed 12.75±2.68 kg) and 8 mature bucks (age 9-12 months, weighed 17.34±3.32 kg). The bucks were fed pelleted complete feed containing 78.82% dry matter (DM), 18.80% crude protein (CP), and 76.29% total digestible nutrients (TDN). The bucks were allocated into a 2x2 nested design with four replications. The treatment was the amount of 2.24% dry matter intake (T1) and 4.48% of body weight (BW) (T2) for the young goat, while the mature buck was 1.87% and 3.74%, respectively. The results showed that DM, CP and TDN intake were significant different across ages and highly significantly different between feeding levels. Changes of urinary creatinine from week 0–12 showed no differences in the age group (142 mg/dl) and feeding level (143 mg/dl). Conclusively, age and feed level affected body weight, feed intake and creatinine excretion of Kacang Goat. The more body weight gain (age) and feed level, the more urinal creatinine excretion in male Kacang goat. Key words: Kacang goat, ages, feeding level, and creatinine Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kadar kreatinin pada kambing Kacang muda dan dewasa dengan jumlah pemberian pakan yang berbeda. Materi berupa 16 ekor kambing Kacang jantan, terdiri dari 8 ekor umur muda (6-7 bulan) dan 8 ekor umur dewasa (9-12 bulan). Pakan komplit yang diberikan memiliki kandungan bahan kering (BK) 78,82%, protein kasar (PK) 18,80%, dan total digestible nutrients (TDN) 76,29%. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah pola tersarang 2x2 dengan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan pakan berupa jumlah BK pakan yang diberikan yaitu 2,24% bobot badan (BB) (T1) dan 4,48% BB (T2) untuk kambing muda, sedangkan kambing dewasa sebesar 1,87% BB (T1) dan 3,74% BB (T2). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi BK, PK dan TDN berbeda nyata pada kelompok umur dan berbeda sangat nyata pada perlakuan pakan. Kadar kreatinin pada minggu ke 0-6 tidak berbeda nyata, namun pada minggu ke 12 berbeda nyata baik kelompok umur maupun akibat perlakuan pakan. Perubahan kadar kreatinin dari minggu ke 0-12 menunjukkan perbedaan yang tidak nyata pada kelompok umur dan perlakuan pakan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kadar kreatinin semakin meningkat dengan semakin meningkatnya bobot badan (umur) dan pakan ternak. Kata kunci : kambing Kacang, umur, level pakan, dan kreatini
Genetic Characteristic of Indonesian Local Ducks Based on Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Analysis in D-loop Region Mitochondria DNA
Full text linkAbstract. The aim of the study was to know the genetic characteristic and polymorphysm of Indonesian local ducks including Magelang, Tegal, Mojosari, Bali and Alabio duck based on Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) analysis in D-loop region mtDNA. The long term aim was to set the spesific genetic marker based on SNP D-loop region mtDNA which could differentiate local ducks in Indonesia. In the future, it could be used as selection tool for local duck conservation, and refinement strategy as well as the improvement of genetic quality by utilizing the available native duck germplasm. There were 20 ducks for each duck population and were taken 3 ml of its blood as sample. DNA Isolation Kit high pure PCR template preparation (Geneaid) was uded for Genome DNA isolation. Amplification with PCR technique used primer DL-AnasPF (L56) as forward and DL-AnasPR (H773) as reverse. Next, PCR product or amplicon were sequenced. Sequence result were analyzed with SNP technique and observed the similarity and difference of its nucleotide sequence between individual and population. The result of the study showed that genome DNA from local duck in Indonesia was successfully isolated. DNA fragment of 718 bp was amplified with primer pair of DL-AnasPF and DL-AnasPR. Nucleotide sequence was 469 nt and analyzed with SNP technique. It was compared with standard nucleotide sequence of Anas platyrhynchos (HM010684.1) in Gen Bank. The result of nucleotide sequence similarity percentage was 99.68±0.56%. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism D-loop region mtDNA Indonesian local duck was 0.32±0.56%.  Some SNP was found in Magelang duck C (Klawu blorok), F (Cemani black), G (Gambiran), H (Jarakan kalung), I (Jowo plain) and K (Plain white) also Tegal duck 8, 1, 2, 5, 2, 8 and 2 SNP respectively. It could be concluded that polymorphic genetic characteristic similarity were existed in Indonesia local duck populations which was shown by its big standard deviation SNP in D-loop region mtDNA. Magelang duck with different feather color relatively more polymorphic to another local duck in Indonesia. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism which was achieved could be used as genetic marker that differentiate genetic characteristic of Indonesian local ducks.Key words: genetic characteristic, local duck, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP), D-loop mtDNAAbstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik genetik dan polimorfisme itik lokal Indonesia yaitu itik Magelang, Tegal, Mojosari, Bali dan Alabio berdasarkan analisis Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) daerah D-loop mtDNA. Tujuan jangka panjangnya adalah menetapkan marker atau penanda genetik berdasarkan SNP daerah D-loop mtDNA spesifik yang dapat membedakan itik-itik lokal yang ada di Indonesia. Selanjutnya digunakan sebagai alat bantu seleksi untuk konservasi, pembibitan dan pengembangbiakan itik lokal. Populasi masing-masing jenis itik lokal yang digunakan sebanyak 20 ekor untuk diambil 3 ml sampel darahnya. Isolasi DNA genom menggunakan DNA Isolation Kithigh pure PCR template preparation (Geneaid). Amplifikasi dengan teknik PCR menggunakan pasangan primer DL-AnasPF (L56) sebagai forward dan DL-AnasPR (H773) sebagai reverse. Produk PCR atau amplikon yang diperoleh disekuensing. Hasil sekuensing dianalisis dengan teknik SNP dan diamati kesamaan dan perbedaan urutan nukleotida antar individu itik dan antar populasi.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa DNA genom dari itik lokal di Indonesia berhasil diisolasi. Amplifikasi dengan teknik PCR berhasil memperoleh fragmen berukuran 718 bp. Urutan nukleotida hasil sekuensing sebesar 469 nt dianalisis dengan teknik SNP dan dibandingkan dengan urutan nukleotida standar dari itik Anas platyrhynchos (HM010684.1) yang ada di Gen Bank, diperoleh persentase kesamaan urutan nukleotid sebesar 99,68±0,56%. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism daerah D-loop mtDNA pada itik lokal di Indonesia sebesar 0,32±0,56%. Sejumlah SNP ditemukan pada itik Magelang C (Klawu blorok), F (Hitam cemani), G (Gambiran), H (Jarakan kalung), I (Jowo polos) dan K (Putih polos) serta itik Tegal masing-masing 8, 1, 2, 5, 2, 8 serta 2 SNP. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat karakteristik genetik yang polimorfik pada populasi itik lokal di Indonesia, ditunjukkan dengan adanya simpang baku SNP pada daerah D-loop mtDNA yang relatif besar. Itik Magelang dengan warna bulu yang berbeda relatif lebih polimorfik dibandingkan dengan itik lokal lainnya di Indonesia. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism yang diperoleh dapat digunakan sebagai penanda genetik yang dapat membedakan karakteristik genetik yang dimiliki oleh itik lokal di Indonesia.Kata kunci: karakteristik genetik, itik lokal, Single NucleotidePolymorphism (SNP), D-loop mtDN
Quality of Chicken Feather Processed in Different Conditions
Full text linkAbstract. The objective of this research was to evaluate the hydrolyzed chicken feather based on pepsin digestibility and nutrient content, after physico-chemical and biological process. It was carried out by experimental methods at feed and nutrition laboratory. The treatments were hydrolyzed feather meals immersed in 0.5% NaOH and Na2S solution for 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours, each treatment was repeated three times. The results showed that chemical treatment (NaOH-Na2S) in various time of incubation at 60oC followed by fermentation using Bacillus sp. MTS at 37oC for four days decreased the protein of hydrolyzed feather (78.88 to 73.06%), but increased the keratin fiber (1.9 to 3.26%). Pepsin digestibility informed that the increasing incubation time from 0, 2, 4, 6 to 8 hours resulted in higher solubility than that of control (30.2% at 8 hours vs 15.4% at 0 hours). Processing chicken feather by  0.5% NaOH and Na2S solution at 60oC for 6 hours followed by fermentation increased the value of pepsin digestibility.  Key words: hydrolyzed, Bacillus sp. MTS, feather, solubility Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kualitas nutrien tepung bulu ayam hasil proses hidrolisis secara fisiko-kimia dan biologis menggunakan Bacillus sp. MTS. Metode eksperimental digunakan dalam penelitian yang menggunakan dua tahap proses hidrolisis yaitu tahap 1: setelah perebusan bulu dalam larutan NaOH maka bulu direndam dalam larutan 0.5% NaOH dan Na2S pada 600C dan tahap 2: fermentasi bulu selama empat hari pada suhu 370C. Perlakuan berupa waktu inkubasi yaitu 0, 2, 4, 6 dan 8 jam diterapkan pada tahap kedua dengan ulangan sebanyak tiga kali. Perlakuan fisiko-kimia yang dilanjutkan fermentasi menggunakan bakteri spesifik penghasil enzim-enzim pendegradasi keratin bulu menurunkan kadar protein tepung bulu  (78,88% menjadi 73,06%) dan meningkatkan kadar serat tepung bulu (1,9 menjadi 3,26%). Uji kelarutan protein tepung bulu dalam pepsin menginfromasikan bahwa proses tahap 1 menghasilkan nilai kelarutan protein tepung bulu yang meningkat dua kali dibanding kontrol (30,2% pada 8 jam vs 15,4% pada 0 jam inkubasi) atau enam kali dibanding tepung bulu tanpa hidrolisis (5%). Pengolahan bulu ayam menggunakan cara pemanasan, perendaman dalam larutan NaOH dan Na2S selama 6 jam pada 600C serta fermentasi menghasilkan tepung bulu dengan daya larut dalam pepsin lebih baik dibanding tanpa pengolahan.  Kata kunci: hidrolisis, tepung-bulu, Bacillus sp. MTS, kelaruta
Analysis of Income Distribution among Goat Farmer Households in Banjarnegara District, Central Java Province Indonesia
Full text linkThe objective of this study was to describe the structure of household’s income of goat farmer and analyze the distribution of goat farmer household’s income in Banjarnegara. For this analysis, Banjarnegara district was divided into three agro ecological zones on the basis of altitude, i.e. low, medium and high land. 180 goat farmers were selected using multistage sampling and data were measured using descriptive statistic and Gini Coefficient. The study concluded that goat farming as a side job contributed 29% of total household income. The income from non-goat farming remain dominating a structure of household income by 71%. There was a high inequality household income among goat farmers with Gini Coefficient of 0.562. The high level of total income inequality was due to a greater relative inequality in non-goat farming income. Since there was a relationship between farm size and income, increasing the number of goats must be actualized to the goat farmers with no other livelihood. This would be able to reduce inequality of total income of goat farmers
Iodine Mineral Status of Etawah Crossbred Goat at Different Physiological Stages Fed Elephant Grass and Tofu Byproduct
Full text linkAbstract. The objective of the study was to determine the iodine status and to map the thyroxin hormone concentration in etawah crossbred goat (ECG) at different physiological stages and its interrelation to the nutrition and performance. Fifteen female ECG was allotted in three physiolgical stage groups: female kid, young female goat and lactating goat, fed elephant grass and tofu byproduct. The study was conducted  in Tossa Shakti Agro Company (TSA), Central Java, Indonesia. Analysis of variance in completely randomized design was used to determine the effect of physiological stages on soil and feed iodine content, blood serum thyroxin hormone concentration, nutrient and feed dry matter consumption, average daily gain and milk production. Result showed that soil iodine content was adequate to stimulate plant growth (3.109 mg/kg). Consumed feed iodine content was adequate to all physiological stages, female kid, young female and lactating goat (1.003; 0.940 and 0.820 mg/kg, respectively). Thyroxin hormone concentration in blood serum of female kid and young female goat was in normal range (8.23 and 10.05 µg/dl) but the concentration of thyroxin hormone in blood serum of lactating goat was marginal ( 6.17 µg/dl). Iodine supplementation was required for lactating etawa crossbred goat if tofu byproduct was included in its ration.Key words : nutrient, iodine, thyroxin hormone, etawah crossbred goat Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji status iodine dan memetakan konsentrasi hormone tiroksin kambing peranakan etawah (PE) pada berbagai status fisiologis dan interelasinya dengan status nutrisi serta performans ternak. Sebanyak 15 ekor kambing PE betina digunakan dalam penelitian yang terbagi atas tiga kelompok status fisiologis, yakni: cempe betina, kambing dara dan kambing laktasi. Sebagai pakan, digunakan rumput gajah dan ampas tahu. Penelitian ini dilakukan di PT. Tossa Shakti Agro (TSA) Kendal, Jawa Tengah. Variabel yang diukur meliputi kandungan iodin tanah dan pakan, kadar hormon tiroksin serum darah, konsumsi bahan kering pakan dan nutrien, pertambahan bobot badan serta produksi susu. Data yang terkumpul diolah secara statistik dengan analisis variansi dalam rancangan acak lengkap guna mengetahui pengaruh status fisiologis terhadap variable-variabel tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan iodine tanah memadai untuk menstimulasi pertumbuhan tanaman (3,109 mg/kg). Kandungn iodin pakan terkonsumsi memadai untuk semua status fisiologis, dalam hal ini cempe betina, kambing dara dan kambing laktasi (masing-masing: 1,003; 0,940 dan 0,820 mg/kg). Konsentrasi hormon tiroksin serum darah cempe betina dan kambing dara dalam kisaran normal (8,23 dan 10,05 ug/dl), tetapi konsentrasi hormon tiroksin serum darah kambing laktasi berada pada batas normal (borderline), yakni 6,17 ug/dl. Suplementasi iodin diperlukan bagi kambing peranakan etawa yang sedang laktasi, jika ampas tahu digunakan sebagai bagian dari ransum.Kata kunci: nutrien, iodin, hormone , kambing peranakan etawa
Effect of Supplementation Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) as a Source of Alpha-Linolenic Acid on Production Performance and Physical Quality of Egg of Laying Hens
Full text linkThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of inclusion plant source of n 3 fat in the form of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) on the diets of layers on production performance and physical quality of eggs. A total of  125 Hy-Line Brown hens (38 weeks old) were placed at individual cages and assigned to five dietary treatments. The dietary treatments were supplemented with 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0% purslane meal. Laying hens were fed for five weeks following a seven day adaptation period. Water and feed were provided ad libitum. Feed intake (FI) measured weekly and feed consumption ratio (FCR) was calculated at the end of the trial. A total of 25 egg yolk samples of day 35 (n = 5 egg yolks for each treatment) were collected to analyse physical quality of eggs. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Differences between treatment means were further analyzed using Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Results showed that the incorporation of plants rich in ALA did not modify FI, FCR, and egg production. Supplementation of purslane meal in the diets had no effect on physical quality of eggs, including egg weight, yolk weight, albumen index, yolk index and Haugh Unit (HU). The average of egg weight and yolk weight were 60,5 and 15.3 g, respectively. Diet containing purslane meal increased yolk colour. In conclusion, laying hens that fed diet supplemented with purslane meal rich in ALA improved yolk colour and did not change the production performance of the laying hens or the qualities of the eggs
Effect of Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Addition to Lactating Dairy Cows Ration Upon Milk Production and Composition
Full text linkAbstract. On farm level, the price of milk is affected by its fat content. On the other hand, improving milk quality by the use of better ration economically is not feasible. The problem is how to find an appropriate, easily found, relatively cheap and efficient ration for producing better quantity and quality of milk. An experimental research was conducted using Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast in lactating dairy cows ration, in a 4x4 Latin Square Design, with animal trial as column and trial period as row. Each trial period consisted of 14-day preliminary and 7-day trial period (collection period). The treatment to be tested were four levels of yeast addition, namely : 0, 5, 10 and 15 g/cow/day. The variables measured were daily milk production (4% FCM) and milk composition (solid non fat, fat, protein, lactose). The result showed that the addition of yeast had no significant effect on milk production and milk composition, but tended to increase milk fat in which the highest fat content of 5.13 % was achieved when 8.5 g/cow/day was suplemented. The average milk production, solid non fat, lactose, fat, and protein were 9.55 kg/day, 8.70%, 3.99%, 4.50% and 0.13%, respectively. Based on all measured variables, it can be concluded that the addition of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae up to 15 g/cow/day to lactating dairy cows ration did not effectively improve milk production and milk composition. Key words: yeast addition, milk production, milk composition. Abstrak. Penentuan harga susu di tingkat peternak sangat dipengaruhi oleh kadar lemak susu. Perbaikan komposisi susu dengan peningkatan kualitas pakan sulit dilakukan, karena tidak ekonomis. Oleh karena itu perlu dicari ransum yang murah, mudah didapat dan efisien untuk meningkatkan produksi dan komposisi susu. Suatu penelitian telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan ragi Saccharomyces cerevisiae dalam ransum sapi perah laktasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metode eksperimental, menggunakan Rancangan Bujur Sangkar Latin 4x4. Hewan percobaan sebagai kolom dan periode percobaan sebagai lajur. Setiap periode percobaan terdiri atas 14 hari masa preliminari dan 7 hari percobaan (masa koleksi). Perlakuan yang diuji adalah 4 taraf penambahan ragi Saccharomyces cerevisiae : 0, 5, 10, dan 15 gr/ekor/hari. Peubah respon yang diamati adalah produksi susu harian (4% FCM) dan komposisi susu (BKTL=Bahan Kering Tanpa Lemak, lemak, protein dan laktosa). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ragi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi 4% FCM (Fat Corrected Milk) maupun komposisi susu, tetapi cenderung meningkatkan lemak susu dan mencapai kadar tertinggi 5,13% pada penambahan ragi 8,50 g/ekor/hari. Rataan produksi susu 9,55 kg/hari, BKTL (Bahan Kering Tanpa Lemak) 8,70 %, laktosa 3,99%, lemak 4,50% dan protein 0,13%. Berdasarkan semua peubah respon yang diukur dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan ragi Saccharomyces cerevisiae sampai 15 gr/ekor/hari belum berhasil memperbaiki produksi dan komposisi susu. Kata kunci : penambahan ragi, produksi susu, komposisi susu
Nutrient Content of Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) Silage Made with Various Additive and Modified Atmosphere in The Silo
Full text linkAbstract. During ensilage, anaerob condition must be controlled. Some methods of modified atmosphere in silo were analyzed to compare ensilage characteristics and silage product. So far, there is not been information on the atmosphere condition in the process of silage production. It encourages the researchers to evaluate the condition of ensilage process of Pennisetum purpureum by studying atmosphere modification in the silo and the effect of the usage of various additives in the process of silage production.   Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), molasses, L. acidophillus were used. The study was conducted with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) 3x2 factorial pattern.  Atmosphere modification as the first factor consist of : (A0: silage with compaction (conventional) A1: silage with vacuum method, A2: silage with modified C02) and two kinds of silage additives as the second factor (B1: indirect additive (molasses); B2: direct additive (Lactic Acid Bacteria). Each treatment combination was repeated 4 times. The objective of the research was to evaluate changes in nutrient content (protein, crude fiber, gross energy). The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance, then continued by Honest Significant Differences (HSD) test. Based on the research results it can be concluded that the optimum ensilage can take place, either by compaction methods (conventional), vacuum and the addition of CO2. While the addition of molasses additive produces silage with better quality than the addition of L. Acidophillus inoculant. Key words: Modified atmosphere, additives, silage Abstrak. Kondisi anaerob harus dikontrol selama ensilase. Beberapa metode modifikasi atmosfir silo dianalisa untuk membandingkan ciri dan hasil ensilase. Sejauh ini belum ada informasi kondisi atmosfir dalam proses produksi ensilase. Hal ini mendorong peneliti untuk mengevaluasi kondisi proses ensilase Pennisetum purpureum dengan mempelajari modifikasi atmosfir silo dan dampak penggunaan bermacam zat tambahan dalam proses pembuatan ensilase. Rumput gajah (Pennisetum purpureum), molase, L. acidophillus digunakan dalam penelitian dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 3x2 pola faktorial. Modifikasi atmosfir sebagai faktor pertama terdiri dari: (A0: silase dengan pemadatan (konvensional), A1: silase dengan metode vakum, A2: silase dengan modifikasi CO2) dan dua jenis silase tambahan sebagai faktor kedua: B1: tambahan langsung (molase); B2: tambahan langsung (Bakteri Asam Laktat). Setiap kombinasi perlakuan diulang 4 kali. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengevaluasi perubahan dalam kandungan nutrisi (protein, serat kasar, energi kasar). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis variansi, dilanjutkan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ). Kesimpulan penelitian adalah ensilase optimal tercapai baik dengan metode pemadatan (konvensional), vakum, maupun penambahan CO2. Sedangkan tambahan molase menghasilkan silase dengan kualitas yang lebih baik daripada dengan  L. Acidophillus inoculant. Kata kunci: modifikasi atmosfir, zat tambahan, silas
The Effect Nanocapsule of Turmeric Extracts in Rations on Nutrient Digestibility of Broiler Chickens
Full text linkAbstract. The use of turmeric is restricted by its low solubility in water, therefore it has low bioavailability. This obstacle can be solved by the development of nanoparticle technology to improve drug delivery profile. This study aimed to develop nanoparticle formulation using turmeric extract and industrial chitosan as the matrix and sodium-tripolyphosphate as cross linker, to study its ability to improve feed digestibility. Method used in the formulation of nanoparticle in this study was by ionic gelation followed by oven drying at 50°C. Method used to evaluate the digestibility was total collection. One hundred and twenty broiler chickens with an average body weight of 900 g, were randomly divided into 20 treatments (one treatment was fasted and 19 were treated with the ration plus feed additive), and six replicates were performed on each test. Chickens were fasted one day before and after they were treated with rations. Nutrient levels and the amount of feed consumed and excreta released were weighed to calculate the digestibility of the ration. It was found that the basal ration had dry matter digestibility of 70.48% significantly lower compared to the basal ration plus nanocapsule turmeric extract: NP level at 0.4% for in EE and EA were 73.11 and 75.90%. The results of this study concluded that formulation of nanocapsule using turmeric extract and industrial chitosan as the matrix and sodium tripolyphosphate as cross linker was potential to increase nutrient digestibility, therefore, it can be an alternative for feed additive in broiler chicken diet. Key words: Digestibility, nanocapsule, turmeric extract, broiler chicken Abstrak. Penggunaan kunyit/kurkumin terbatas karena kelarutannya yang rendah dalam air sehingga bioavailabilitasnya juga rendah. Masalah ini dapat diatasi dengan teknologi nano yang dikembangkan sebagai alternatif penghantaran obat bagi bahan kimia yang mempunyai bioavailabilitas rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan formulasi nanokapsul menggunakan ekstrak kunyit dan kitosan industri sebagai matrik atau polimer serta sodium tripolifosfat sebagai cross linker, untuk dipelajari kemampuannya dalam meningkatkan kecernaan ransum. Metode yang digunakan dalam formulasi nanokapsul adalah gelasi ionik dilanjutkan pengeringan dengan oven pada suhu 50°C. Sedangkan metode untuk mengevaluasi kecernaan menggunakan total koleksi. Seratus dua puluh ekor ayam broiler dengan bobot badan rata-rata 900 g, dibagi secara acak ke dalam 20 perlakuan (satu perlakuan dipuasakan dan 19 diberi ransum perlakuan dengan penambahan feed additive), masing-masing enam ulangan dan satu ekor untuk tiap ulangan. Ayam dipuasakan sehari pada sebelum dan sesudah ayam diperlakukan dengan ransum, kadar nutrien dan jumlah pakan yang dikonsumsi serta ekskreta yang dikeluarkan ditimbang beratnya untuk menghitung kecernaan ransum. Telah ditemukan bahwa kecernaan bahan kering ransum basal (70,48%) nyata lebih kecil dibanding ransum basal yang ditambah nanokapsul ekstrak kunyit: pada  NP level 0,4% sebesar 73,11% pada EE dan 75,90% pada EA. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa formulasi nanokapsul menggunakan ekstrak kunyit dan kitosan industri sebagai matrik dan sodiumtripolifosfat sebagai cross-linker berpotensi sebagai feed additive alternatif untuk meningkatkan kecernaan nutrien pada ransum ayam broiler. Kata kunci: Kecernaan, nanokapsul, ekstrak kunyit, ayam broile