Animal Production (E-Journal, JAP)
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Production and Nutritive Value of Indigofera zollingeriana and Leucaena leucocephala in Peatland
Full text linkAbstract. This study was aimed to determine and compare the dry matter yield and nutrient content of Indigofera and Leucaena grown in peatland. This experiment was conducted in peatland type soil (type sapric) in Pekanbaru city, DM yield and nutrient contents data were analyzed by 2x3 factorial design with 3 replication. Two treatments compared were Indigofera zollingeriana (Indigofera) and Leucaena leucocephala (Leucaena). Indigofera was proven significantly higher than Leucaena in all harvest regarding dry matter (DM) of leaf and stem of 29.9% and 25%, respectively, crude protein (CP) of 23.1% and 17.6%, respectively. While neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) content of Indigofera leaf (35.9% and 25.1%, respectively) was significantly lower than those of Leucaena leaf (40.9% and 29.3%, respectively). It was concluded that the production and nutritive value of Indigofera zollingeriana was superior to Leucaena leucocephala in peatland (type sapric). Key words: Legume tree, Sapric, nutrient content, In vitro digestibiliy              Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan dan membandingkan bahan kering dan kandungan nutrisi Indigofera dan Leucaena yang tumbuh di lahan gambut. Percobaan ini dilakukan di lahan gambut di Pekanbaru menggunakan pola faktorial 2x3 dengan ulangan 3 kali. Dua perlakuan yang dibandingkan adalah Indigofera zollingeriana (Indigofera) dan Leucaena leucocephala (Leucaena). Indigofera terbukti secara nyata lebih tinggi daripada Leucana di semua periode panen, berkaitan dengan kandungan BK (bahan kering) daun dan batang berturut-turut 29,9% dan 25%, dan protein kasar (PK) 23,1% dan 17,6%. sedangkan neutral detergent fibre (NDF) dan acid detergent fibre (ADF) daun indigofera berturut-turut 35,9% dan 25,1%, lebih rendah secara nyata daripada daun Leucaena, yaitu 40,9% dan 29,3%. Disimpulkan bahwa produksi dan nilai nutrisi Indigofera zollingeriana lebih tinggi dari Leucaena leucocephala di lahan gambut (jenis saprik) Kata kunci: Pohon legume, Saprik, Kandungan Nutrisi, Kecernaan in vitr
The Various of Complete Feed Block for Dairy Cattle
Full text linkAbstract. The effect of three forms of complete feed blocks (CFB) for dairy cattle was evaluated. The form of various CFB were cube, cylinder and ball. The CFB was prepared from napier grass specific tolerance acid soils and concentrate in 50:50 ratio. The research used experimental method with randomized block design.  Sixteen dairy cattle were used in this experiment. There were four treatments and four replications used in this experiment. The treatments consisted of R0= control ration, R1= cube CFB, R2= cylinder CFB and R3= ball CFB. The treatment feeds were fed twice a day, at 6.00 am and 15.00 pm. The amount of morning ration 34 kg of fresh napier grass and 5 kg of concentrate for the control ration, and the same amount of ration was also given in the afternoon feeding, therefore, the daily total fresh forage was 68 kg and concentrate was 10 kg. Before feeding the forage was chopped in 5 cm length. The complete feed block for the dairy cows was 10 kg for the morning ration and 10 kg for the afternoon ration, therefore, the daily total complete feed block was 20 kg. The drinking water was available adlibitum. The preliminary period was conducted for 2 weeks and data collection were conducted for 5 day of the end of study. The variables measured were dry matter and organic matter intake, dry matter digestibility and milk production. These results showed that the control ration significantly affected with ration all CFB form on dry matter and organic matter intake but did not significantly affect the dry matter digestibility and milk production. Key words : dairy cttle, complete feed block Abstrak.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh tiga pakan komplit bentuk cetak yaitu bentuk kubus, silinder dan bola yang diberikan pada sapi perah.  Pakan komplit bentuk cetak dibuat dari hijauan rumput gajah yang spesifik toleran tanah masam yang telah digiling dan bahan konsentrat dengan perbandingan 50:50. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok. Enam belas ekor sapi perah dikelompokkan menjadi 4 dengan 4 ulangan. Empat perlakuan yang dicobakan yaitu R0= ransum kontrol, R1= pakan komplit cetak bentuk kubus, R2= pakan komplit cetak bentuk silinder, dan R3= pakan komplit cetak bentuk bola. Pakan perlakuan diberikan dua kali sehari pagi pukul 06.00 dan sore 15.00. Jumlah pakan yang diberikan pada sapi perah kontrol pagi sebanyak 34 kg rumput gajah segar dan 5 kg konsentrat demikian juga pemberian yang sama pada sore hari sehingga jumlah hijauan segar yang diberikan kepada ternak 68 kg dan konsentrat 10 kg. Rumput gajah yang diberikan sudah dipotong-potong terlebih dahulu dengan panjang 5 cm. Jumlah pakan komplit cetak untuk sapi perah perlakuan yang diberikan pagi jumlahnya sama dengan pemberian sore masing-masing sebanyak 10 kg sehingga jumlah pakan komplit cetak yang diberikan 20 kg. Air minum diberikan adlibitum. Periode preliminary dilakukan selama 2 minggu dan koleksi data dilakukan selama 5 hari periode akhir percobaan. Variabel yang diamati adalah konsumsi bahan kering dan bahan organik pakan, kecernaan bahan kering pakan dan produksi susu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ransum kontrol beda nyata dengan semua bentuk pakan komplit cetak pada konsumsi bahan kering dan bahan organik, akan tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan kecernaan bahan kering dan produksi susu. Kata kunci : sapi perah, pakan komplit bentuk ceta
Broiler Farmers’ Behavior in Administering Antibiotic and Types of Antibiotic Content in Commercial Feed (A Case Study)
Full text linkAbstract. The objective of this research was to describe broiler farmers’ behavior including knowledge level, attitude, antibiotic practice and analysis of the antibiotic content in broiler chicken commercial feed. Survey method was conducted with purposive and random sampling, applying Nomogram Harry King to determine total sample. Ninety-six farmers met the sampling criteria, comprising 33 respondent farmers along with survey and feed sampling in each farmer. Interview and questioner result on knowledge level and farmers’ attitude and observation on farmers practice in administering antibiotic were subject to description in data tabulation. Laboratory analysis result using Bioassay method on antibiotic content in feed was described in data tabulation. Broiler farmers in Pengadegan municipality, Purbalingga Regency generally showed moderate knowledge level (60% above average, 40% under average). Farmers with supportive attitude on good antibiotic administration was 48.48%, while those less supportive reached 51.52%. Farmers’ level of obedience in proper antibiotic practices was only 21.21%, almost half (45.45%) defiled the proper antibiotic administration. Most farmers (96.97%) used commercial feed containing AGP (Antibiotic Growth Promoter) not recommended by government, namely penicillin, kanamycin, erythromycin andoxytetracycline. Farmer administered overdosed antibiotic as growth booster, anti-stress, disease control and medication. Research concluded that most broiler farmers violated the rules of antibiotic practices, in which overdosed content was administered to stimulate growth, anti-stress, disease control and medication. Antibiotic as growth booster was contained in feed. Commercial broiler feed (complete feed) contained four types of antibiotic, namely penicillin, kanamycin, erythromycin andoxytetracycline. Key words: Farmer practice, broiler,  antibiotics Abstrak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menggambarkan perilaku peternak broiler mencakup tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, penggunaan antibiotik, dan analisa kadar antibiotik pada pakan komersial broiler. Metode survey dilakukan dengan sampling acak bertujuan dengan Nomogram Harry King untuk menentukan total sampel. Sembilan puluh enam peternak memenuhi kriteria, mencakup 33 responden peternak dengan survey dan sampel pakan untuk setiap peternak. Hasil interview dan kuesioner tentang tingkat pengetahuan dan perilaku peternak dalam menggunakan antibiotik dideskripsikan dalam tabulasi data. Hasil analisa laboratorium menggunakan metode Bioassay untuk kandungan antibiotik dalam pakan disajikan pada tabulasi data. Peternak broiler di Kecamatan Pengadegan, Kabupaten Purbalingga umumnya memiliki tingkat pengetahuan sedang (60% diatas rata-rata, 40% dibawah rata-rata). Peternak dengan sikap mendukung penggunaan antibiotik sebanyak 48,48%, sedangkan yang kurang mendukung sebanyak 51,52%. Tingkat kepatuhan peternak pada penggunaan antibiotik yang benar hanya 21,21%, hampir separuh (45,45%) tidak mematuhi penggunaan antibiotik yang benar. Sebagian peternak (96,97%) menggunakan pakan komersial yang mengandung AGP (Antibiotic Growth Promotor) yang tidak direkomendasikan oleh pemerintah, yaitu penisilin, kanamisin, eritromisin andoksitetrasiklin. Peternak menggunakan antibiotik melebihi dosis untuk memacu pertumbuhan, sebagai anti stres, mengendalikan penyakit dan pengobatan. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar peternak broiler melanggar aturan penggunaan antibiotik, dimana kandungan yang overdosis digunakan untuk memacu pertumbuhan, sebagai anti stres, mengendalikan penyakit, dan pengobatan. Antibiotik sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan terkandung pada pakan. Pakan broiler komersial (complete feed) mengandung empat jenis antibiotik yaitu penisilin, kanamisin, eritromisin andoksitetrasiklin. Kata kunci: perilaku peternak, broiler, antibioti
Potency and Characteristics of Bali Cattle Twin Birth
Full text linkCattle twin birth is a rare occurrence that might be due to two factors, natural factors or external interventions such as the use of hormones. This study was aimed to determine to what extent Bali cattle were potential to deliver twin birth. Natural twin birth observation was conducted by survey method and data service while for super ovulation was conducted on 6 cows that never gave birth to twins. The Intervention method used a variety of hormonal preparations started with installing CIDR implant on day 1 to day 7 of CIDR removal of the implant, injecting 1 cc of GnRH hormone injections intra-muscular on day 9, injecting 800 mg intra-muscular PMSG on day 20, injecting 2 cc PGF2alpha intra-muscular on day 22, then conducting artificial insemination after lust symptoms appeared after day 24 applicated 3 times. Control treatments were applied on 6 cattle without hormone injection. Data were analyzed descriptively. The survey data showed Bali cattle twin birth in Bali Island was 64 heads of parent population in Bali from a total of 203,727 breeding or 31.9%, but cattle with hormone manipulation delivered 30% of the total treatment although no previous twin birth history was recorded. Conclusively, manipulation of external stimuli such as hormones gained good response although no genetic ever gave birth to twins.Sapi lahir kembar adalah kejadian langka yang mungkin disebabkan karena dua faktor, faktor alam atau intervensi eksternal seperti penggunaan hormon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan sejauh mana sapi Bali memiliki potensi untuk memberikan kelahiran kembar. Pengamatan kelahiran kembar alami dilakukan dengan metode survei dan layanan data sedangkan untuk kegiatan super ovulasi dilakukan pada 6 sapi yang tidak pernah punya riwayat melahirkan anak kembar sebelumnya. Metode Intervensi digunakan berbagai persiapan hormonal mulai dengan pemasangan CIDR implant pada hari 1 sampai hari 7 CIDR implant diangkat, suntikan hormon GnRH sebanyak 1cc intra-muscular pada hari 9, dilanjutkan dengan penyuntikan 800 mg PMSG intra-muscular pada hari 20, selanjutnya suntikan PGF2alpha sebanyak 2cc intra-muscular pada hari 22, kemudian inseminasi buatan dilakukan seelah gejala birahi muncul pada hari 24 dan diinseminasi sebanyak 3 kali. Sedangkan perlakuan kontrol yang diterapkan pada 6 sapi tanpa injeksi hormon. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Data hasil survei menunjukkan sapi Bali kelahiran kembar di Pulau Bali sebanyak 64 induk melahirkan kembar dari total 203.727 atau 31,9%, tetapi dengan memanipulasi hormon pada ternak menghasilkan 30% lahir kembar dari keseluruhan treatment meskipun tidak ada tercatat riwayat kelahiran kembar sebelumnya. Kesimpulan dengan manipulasi rangsangan eksternal seperti hormon ternyata memperoleh respon yang baik meskipun tidak ada genetik pernah melahirkan anak kembar
Phenotypic Characterization According to The Feather Color of Indigenous Muscovy Ducks Bred in The Back Yard in Brazzaville, The Congo
Full text linkAbstract. In Congo, waterfowl genetic resources are constituted by native population of Muscovy ducks that play an important role in food security. The present study aimed to identify and to characterize strains bred in the back yard in the households in Brazzaville. A sample of 154 households drawn over seven districts of Brazzaville was enrolled in the survey. Adults ducks found in the households were identified, pictured by a key of determination and then compared by using the multi resolution analysis image method. The survey recorded 13 strains in which four were considered as newly since they have never been reported elsewhere. These strains received temporally the name of the districts where they have been identified for the first time Makelékélé 1 (0.34%, n=6), Makélékélé 2 (0.11%, n =2), Poto poto 1  (0.28%, n=5) and in Poto poto 2 (0.11%, n=2). Finally, the survey reported nine classical  strains such as  black plumage, duclair, white, tortora, sepia, chocolate, lavender, grey and canizie. The apparent wide variation in plumage colors is an indication that the duck populations have not been ‘purified’ through selective breeding. In the context of the valorization of poultry biodiversity, this work represents a step toward a better knowledge of the production abilities of local ducks breeds in Congo. Key words: Muscovy ducks, color feather, strains, Congo. Abstrak. Sumber daya genetik unggas air di Kongo mencakup populasi itik lokal yang memegang peranan penting dalam ketahanan pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan menggolongkan jenis itik yang dipelihara di pekarangan rumah di Brazzaville. Sampel penelitian menggunakan 154 responden rumah tangga yang tersebar di 7 wilayah Brazzaville. Itik dewasa diidentifikasi dari pekarangan, dan dibandingkan dengan metode Analisis Multi Resolusi. Survey mencatat 13 jenis peranakan, 4 diantaranya dianggap baru karena belum pernah dilaporkan di studi manapun. Jenis ini sementara dinamai sesuai distrik tempatnya pertama ditemukan, yaitu Makelékélé 1 (0,34%, n=6), Makélékélé 2 (0,11%, n =2), Poto poto 1 (0,28%, n=5) dan di Poto poto 2 (0,11%, n=2). Berdasarkan survei didapatkan sembilan jenis klasik yaitu bulu hitam, duclair, putih, tortora, sepia, coklat, lavender, abu-abu dan canizie. Banyaknya ragam warna bulu adalah indikasi bahwa populasi itik belum “dimurnikan†melalui seleksi. Dalam konteks penetapan nilai keanekaragaman hayati unggas, penelitian ini mewakili sebuah langkah menuju pengetahuan yang mendalam akan kemampuan produksi itik yang berkembang di Kongo. Kata kunci: itik Muscovy, warna bulu, strain, Kong
Nutritional Status Evaluation (Estimated Using Lignin Internal Indicator) of Grazed Yearling Kacang Bucks
No full textIn some areas in Indonesia, farmers usually graze their goats during the day and house them at night. The goats eat grass without additional concentrate. However, how much nutrient intakes of grazing goats in Indonesia are seldom calculated. Therefore, this research was set up to investigate the productivity and to estimate the dry matter, protein, and TDN intake of grazed Kacang buck using lignin internal indicator. About 12 heads of Kacang buck, aged 1-1.5 year (the incisors have erupted 1), having the initial body weight of 18.42+1.78 kg (CV= 9.67%) and reared by farmers in Grobogan, Central Java, Indonesia were used in this study. Intake and nutrient digestibility of the buck were calculated using lignin as internal marker. After being reared 86 days, the average daily gains (ADG) of the buck were 3.20+21.14 gram ( -26.16 gram to 53.60 gram). Low ADG of the buck was caused by low DMI, protein and TDN intake. The Kacang bucks were usually grazed in the soccer fields, back yards, and roadsides, therefore their intake were lower than their maintenance needed. The averages of DMI, protein and TDN intake were about 1.17+0.17 % their body weight, 30.16+4.18 g and 91.45+11.64 g, respectively. It can be concluded that the productivity of grazing Kacang bucks is relatively very low
Production of Superior Pigs by Injecting the Sows with Gonadotropin Prior to Mating
Full text linkAbstract. An experiment was conducted to produce superior pigs with improved growth phenotypes and survival during postnatal growth by injecting the sows with gonadotropin prior to mating. The experiment consisted of 2 stages. In the first stage, 12 sows were divided into 2 groups i.e., sows injected with NaCl0.95% as a control (NSO) and sows injected with PG600 (SO) prior to mating. Parameters measured were growth phenotypes and survival at birth and during pre-weaning period. In the second stage, 24 of weaned pigs (age 8 weeks) from the first stage were selected (6 males and 6 females from NSO group and 6 males and 6 females from SO group) to be used for measurement of growth performance. The experimental pigs were raised and observed until the age of 28 weeks (7 month). The body weights were measured monthly. The results of the experiment showed that improvement of uterine environment by gonadotropin injection of the sows prior to mating dramatically improved birth weight with a very homogenous birth weight within litter size. Improved birth weight and within-litter variation of birth weight improved pre-weaning growth performance and survival that finally dramatically increased weaning weight and total weight of weaned pigs per sow. After weaning, pigs born to SO sows grew faster and had around 10 kg higher body weight as compared to control at the age of 7 month.  It was concluded that superior pigs could be produced by improving endogenous secretion of pregnant hormone during pregnancy. Key words: Birth weight, growth phenotypes, survival, prenatal growth, postnatal growth Abstrak. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menghasilkan anak-anak babi unggul dengan fenotipe pertumbuhan dan daya hidup yang lebih baik selama pertumbuhan pascalahir dengan cara menyuntik induk babi dengan gonadotropin sebelum pengawinan. Penelitian terdiri atas dua tahapan. Penelitian tahap pertama, 12 ekor induk babi dikelompokkan ke dalam 2 kelompok, 1) kelompok kontrol, yaitu induk yang disuntik dengan NaCl 0.95% (NSO) dan 2) kelompok yang disuntik dengan PG600 sebelum pengawinan (SO). Parameter yang diukur ialah fenotipe pertumbuhan dan daya hidup anak pada saat lahir dan selama periode prasapih. Tahap kedua, 24 anak babi lepas sapih dari percobaan tahap pertama (umur 8 minggu) dipilih (6 jantan dan 6 betinadari kelompok NSOdan 6 jantan dan 6 betina dari kelompok SO) untuk digunakan dalam pengukuran kinerja pertumbuhan pascasapih. Babi percobaan dibesarkan dan diamati sampai umur 28 minggu (7 bulan). Bobot badan diukur setiap bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbaikan lingkungan uterus dengan cara penyuntikan induk dengan gonadotropin sebelum pengawinan secara dramatis memperbaiki bobot lahir anak dengan bobot lahir per induk yang lebih seragam. Perbaikan bobot lahir dan keseragaman bobot lahir memperbaiki kinerja pertumbuhan prasapih dan kelangsungan hidup anak yang pada akhirnya secara dramatis meningkatkan bobot sapih dan total bobot anak yang disapih per ekor induk. Setelah penyapihan, anak babi yang dilahirkan oleh induk yang disuntik gonadotropin tumbuh lebih cepat dengan bobot badan yang lebih tinggi sekitar 10 kg dibandingkan dengan kontrol pada umur 7 bulan. Disimpulkan bahwa anak babi unggul dapat dihasilkan melalui perbaikan sekresi endogen hormon kebuntingan selama kebuntingan. Kata kunci: Bobot lahir, fenotipe pertumbuhan, daya hidup, pertumbuhan prenatal, pertumbuhan pascalahi
Reproductive Performance of Various Breeds of Sentul Chicken
Full text linkThis study was conducted to determine the reproductive performance of various breeds of Sentul chicken. The present research was assigned in an experimental model with a completely randomized design (CRD), with 5 breeds of Sentul chicken were created as treatments, namely Abu Sentul chicken = SA; Batu Sentul Chicken=SB; Emas Sentul Chicken=SE; Debu Sentul Chicken=SD; and Geni Sentul Chicken=SG. Each treatment was repeated 5 times with 4 females and 1 male birds each, thus the total number of chickens were 100 females and 25 males with an average initial female weight was 1,336.05 ± 84,99 g and male weight was 2,050.53 ± 121,78 g. The experiment was conducted for 14 weeks started from 20 week old until 34 week old. Variables measured were spermatozoa production, fertility, and hatchability. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and HSD test. Results showed that various breeds of Sentul chicken had no significant effect (P>0.05) on spermatozoa production, and had significant effect (P<0.05) on fertility and hatchability. It can be concluded that spermatozoa production of various breeds of Sentul chicken are relatively similar, while fertility and hatchability of Emas chicken was lower than that of Abu Sentul chicken and Batu Sentul Chicken
Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) Supplementation on the Growth Performance of Crossbred Calves
Full text linkAbstract. Trial was conducted to assess the effects of different garlic supplementation methods on the performance of crossbred calves. Jersey crossbred calves of both sexes were randomly separated into three treatments (T1, T2 and T3) of six calves in each group. Calves in T1 group were supplemented with garlic powder at the dose rate of 250 mg/kg BW in water whereas calves in the T2 group were supplemented with 250 mg/kg BW in concentrate feed and the T3 group was treated as control. The data on growth rate in terms of body weight, average daily gain, feed intake, faecal consistency score, faecal egg count and disease incidence were analysed as per standard procedures. It was found that the calves in T1 and T2 group gained significantly higher overall body weight and average daily gain compared with calves in T3 group. No significant difference was observed in feed intake and feed conversion efficiency between the treatment groups. The faecal consistency score and faecal egg count remained the same in all the treatment groups.Key words: crossbred calves, Jersey, garlic supplementation, growth parametersAbstrak. Percobaan dilakukan untuk meneliti pengaruh metode suplementasi bawang putih terhadap performa sapi peranakan silang. Sapi peranakan silang Jersey jantan dan betina dibagi secara acak ke dalam tiga perlakuan (T1, T2 dan T3) masing-masing 6 ekor. Sapi T1 diberi 250 mg/kg bobot bawang putih bubuk di air, T2 diberi 250 mg/kg bobot bawang putih bubuk di pakan konsentrat, dan T3 adalah kontrol. Data tingkat pertumbuhan, penambahan bobot harian, jumlah konsumsi, nilai konsistensi feces, jumlah telur cacing dan kejadian penyakit dianalisis sesuai standar prosedur. Ditemukan bahwa sapi kelompok T1 dan T2 memiliki total kenaikan bobot dan penambahan bobot harian yang lebih tinggi dibanding sapi kelompok T3. Tidak ada perbedaan nyata yang ditemukan pada jumlah konsumsi dan efisiensi konversi pakan antara kelompok perlakuan. Nilai konsistensi feces dan jumlah telur cacing tetap sama di semua kelompok perlakuan.Kata kunci: sapi perankaan silang, Jersey, suplementasi bawang putih, parameter pertumbuha
Free Fatty Acid Concentration and Carboxy methyl cellulase Activity of Some Formulas of Protected Fat-proteins Tested In Vitro
Full text linkThe aim of this study was to determine the levels of free fatty acids and carboxymethylcellulase activity (cmc-ase) activity of some protected fat-proteins base on in vitro Tilley and Terry method. Two sources of fat, i.e. crude palm oil and fish oil and three sources of protein i.e. skim milk, soybean flour and soybean meal were used in the formulation of protected fat-protein, and thus there were six treatment combinations. The filtrate from the in vitro test was analyzed for the levels of free fatty acids and  cmcase activity. The result of this research indicates that different combinations of feed materials and fat give different content of free fatty acid in first stage and second stage in vitro, with the best results in the combination treatment of skim milk and palm oil that give the lowest result of free fatty acid concentration in fisrt stage in vitro (0.168%) and the highest result free fatty acid concentration in second stage in vitro ( 4.312%) . The activity of CMC-ase was not influenced by different sources of fat and protein. It can be concluded was that the protection of the combination between skim milk and CPO gives the highest protection results