Animal Production (E-Journal, JAP)
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Quality Evaluation of Complete Feed with Ramie Waste Added With Different Protein Source in Nutrient Composition and Ensilage Parameter
Full text linkAbstract. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of ensilage technology (with and without ensilage) and protein sources (plant and animal) in complete feed with ramie-waste on nutrient composition and ensilage parameter. Ensilage process decreased significantly dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), but it increased ensilage parameter i.e. acetate acid (C2), propionic acid (C3), butyric acid (C4), lactic acid (LA), and decreased pH. It also had non-significant effect on crude fibre (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and ammonia (NH3-N). Animal protein source in silage making decreased nutrient composition i.e. OM and CP and ensilage parameter i.e. C2, but it increased NH3-N.  Interaction between ensilage treatment and protein sources affected CP and pH also ensilage parameter of C2 and C3. In conclusion, plant protein used in silage of complete feed with ramie waste was better than animal protein, despite that both ensilage were not better due to pH over 4.5. Key words: ramie, ensilage technology, protein source, nutrient composition, ensilage parameter Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh teknologi ensilage (dengan dan tanpa ensilage) dan sumber protein (nabati dan hewani) pada complete feed menggunakan limbah rami terhadap komposisi nutrien dan parameter ensilage. Perlakuan teknologi ensilage menurunkan komposisi nutrien pada bahan kering (BK), bahan organik (BO) dan neutral detergent fiber (NDF, meningkatkan kuantitas parameter ensilage pada asam asetat (C2), asam propionat (C3), asam butirat (C4) dan asam laktat (LA) dan menurunkan pH serta tidak nyata pada protein kasar (PK), acid detergent fiber (ADF) dan ammonia (NH3-N). Perlakuan sumber protein menurunkan nutrien BO dan PK dan C2 serta meningkatkan konsentrasi NH3-N secara sangat nyata pada complete feed dengan protein hewani. Interaksi kedua perlakuan berpengaruh pada PK dan pH serta C2 dan C3. Kesimpulannya adalah penggunaan protein nabati pada silage complete feed menggunakan limbah rami lebih baik dari pada yang menggunakan protein hewani meskipun kedua jenis silage tidak lebih baik karena pH lebih dari 4,5. Kata kunci: rami, teknologi ensilage, sumber protein, komposisi nutrien, parameter ensilag
Stress Estimation of Pre-Slaughter and Slaughtered by Means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis Through Measurement of Cortisol and Catecholamine Level in Female Cattle Urine
Full text linkAbstract. This study was aimed to analyze the levels of catecholamine and cortisol as stress indicator by invasive and non-invasive methods. Twelve female cattle PO were used in this study and were collected from slaughter house in Yogyakarta. Catecholamine and cortisol level of urine were measured by Enzyme linked Immunoassay (EIA) method and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), were statistically analyzed to determine the difference between pre slaughter and slaughter conditions. FTIR spectra were analyzed using chemo-metrics software. These results showed that the concentration of urinary cortisol were 2.12±1.68 ng/dl of pre-slaughter and 7.58±3.89 ng/dl of slaughtered respectively. The levels of urinary catecholamine in pre slaughter and slaughter were 3.07±2.05 ng/dl and 4.15±2.68 ng/dl respectively. In FTIR analysis showed the spectral separation between the different quadrants before and during slaughter. The result suggested the correlation between the results of the analysis using the EIA and FTIR spectra. It is assumed that the separation of the FTIR spectrum in line with the increased levels of cortisol catecholamine and samples. It can be concluded that FTIR can be used to analyze the status of stress in animals, especially in cattle. Key words: catecholamine, cortisol, non-invasive, FTIR Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kadar katekolamin dan kortisol sebagai indicator stress secara invasif maupun non invasif dan mengembangkan metode deteksi stress pada sapi. Penelitian menggunakan sampel urin sapi Peranakan Ongole (PO) yang diambil dari rumah potong hewan di Yogyakarta. Analisis kadar katekolamin (CA) dan kortisol (CO) dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode EIA dan FTIR. Data konsentrasi kortisol maupun katekolamin hasil pengukuran menggunakan metode EIA dilakukan analisis statistik untuk mengetahui pengaruh stres terhadap konsentrasi CA dan CO urine. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan rata-rata konsentrasi kortisol urin adalah 2.12±1.68 ng/dl dalam kondisi prapenyembelihan dan 7,58±3,89 ng/dl pada saat penyembelihan. Sedangkan konsentrasi katekolamin urin pada saat prapenyembelihan dan penyembelihan secara berurutan adalah 3,07±2,05 ng/dl dan 4,15±2,68 ng/dl. Analisis FTIR menggambarkan pemisahan spektral pada quadran berbeda antara sebelum dan saat penyembelihan. Berdasarkan hasil ini menunjukkan korelasi antara hasil analisis dengan menggunakan EIA dan FTIR, baik konsentrasi katekolamin dan kortisol dengan spektra FTIR dari sampel. Perbedaan konsentrasi CA dan CO urin prapenyembelihan dan saat penyembelihan sejelan dengan pemisahan spektra FTIR. Hal ini diyakini bahwa pemisahan spektrum FTIR disebabkan adanya peningkatan kadar katekolamin dan kortisol dari sampel. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa FTIR dapat untuk menganalisis status stres pada hewan khususnya pada sapi. Kata kunci : katekolamin, kortisol, non invasif, FTI
Supplementation of Heit-Chrose into Dairy Cow Feed Improves in Vitro Rumen Fermentation
Full text linkThe objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of Heit-Chrose (HC) supplementation using in vitro method on ruminal fermentation of dairy cattle. HC is a feed supplement containing allicin, saponin and organic minerals ( Se , Cr and Zn). This research was conducted using completely randomized design, with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were : 1). C = dairy cattle feed (CP 15.38%, CF 23.38%, TDN 61.26%); 2). HC-0 = C+ organic minerals (0.3 ppm Se + 0.15 ppm Cr + 40 ppm Zinc-lysinat) + 0 ppm of HC; 3). HC-15= C + 15 ppm HC; 4).HC-30 =C+ 30 ppm of HC; 5). HC-45 =C+ 45 ppm of  HC; 6). HC-60 =C + 60 ppm of HC. Data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance of SPSS program. HC supplementation increased the DMD, OMD, VFA, but reduced total gas, methane and  protozoa count.  HC supplementation greater than  30 ppm  did not further improve ruminal fermentation. Supplementation at 30 ppm of  HC to dairy cow feed was the appropriate level to improve the efficiency of rumen fermentation.Â
In Vitro Study of Fermented Complete Feed by Using Sago Residues as Main Source Diet
Full text linkRecently, fermentation of low quality feed such as agro industry by products has been widely applied to produce enriched animal feed and improve animal productivity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro digestibility of fermented complete feed by using agro-residues from sago starch processing industries as main source diet.  Feed was formulated on the basis of 40% sago residue and mixed with other ingredients (rice brand, coconut meal, bread by product, soybean meal and soybean hulls) to fulfill the requirement of sheep with 16,10% of CP, 2,80 Mkal ME/kg and TDN 60,88% based on calculation. Mineral and Urea were added in the complete feed to reach mineral and CP requirements of sheep. Complete feed formulation was fermented by using 3 commercial fermentation products (Saus Burger Pakan® (SBP), Probion® and EM4®) for 21 days. Total and types of microbes from commercial fermentation products which were utilized in this study were not determined. Parameters measured in this study were pH, NH3, IVDMD (in vitro dry matter digestibility), IVOMD (in vitro organic matter digestibility) and VFA total. The model used for the statistical analysis was completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments (control and 3 different commercial fermentation products) and 4 replications. The results of this study indicated that administration of different commercial fermentation products into fermented complete feed based on sago residues significantly influenced (P<0.05) on pH, NH3, VFA total, IVDMD and IVOMD. Generally, commercial fermentation products mainly SBP produced better feed quality by improving the values of pH, NH3, VFA total, IVDMD and IVOMD. However, types and total microorganisms were needed to be determined before experiment
Farmers’ Perception to The Role of Extension Workers on Kaligesing Goat Farm Management in Kaligesing, Purworejo
Full text linkAbstract. The aims of this research were to describe the characteristics of Kaligesing goat farmers; to analyze the farmers’ perceptions on the role of extension workers as conduit of information, as mentors, organizers and dynamic factor, technicians and liaisons; to discover the relationship between the farmers’ characteristics with farmers’ perceptions; and to investigate the relationship between farmers’ perceptions to goat maintenance management. The respondents were goat farmers in Kaligesing, Purworejo, Central Java Province. Data were obtained from questionnaire survey method. Determining location, the research applied combination of stratified sampling method with purposive random sampling. Total respondents were 159 farmers with nine farmer groups as samples. Analysis was subject to Spearman Rank, resulting that age, education level and farming experience were not significant to the farmers’ perceptions to the role of extension workers, but the ownership of livestock had a very significant relationship with a correlation coefficient of 0.240, group classes had also very significant relationship with a correlation coefficient of 0.414, and frequency of meeting with extension workers have a significant relationships with a correlation coefficient of 0.202. Farmers’ perceptions to the role of extension workers had very significant relationships to the maintenance management with a correlation coefficient of 0.393. Key words : farmers’ characteristics, farmers’ perceptions, Kaligesing goat, role of extension workers Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik peternak, persepsi peternak terhadap peran penyuluh, hubungan antara karakteristik peternak dengan persepsi, dan hubungan antara persepsi peternak dengan manajemen pemeliharaan. Responden penelitian adalah peternak Kambing Kaligesing di Kecamatan Kaligesing Kabupaten Purworejo Jawa Tengah dengan metode penelitian survei kuesioner. Penentuan lokasi penelitian dengan kombinasi cara stratified sampling dan purposive random sampling. Jumlah kelompok tani sebagai sampel penelitian sebanyak sembilan kelompok dan jumlah total responden sebanyak 159 peternak. Analisis Rank Spearman digunakan untuk analisis data.  Hasil analisis menunjukkan  bahwa umur, tingkat pendidikan dan lama beternak tidak secara nyata memiliki hubungan dengan persepsi peternak terhadap peran penyuluh, sedangkan kepemilikan ternak memiliki hubungan sangat nyata (P<0,01) dengan nilai koefisien korelasi 0,240. Kelas kelompok memiliki hubungan sangat nyata (P<0,01) dengan nilai koefisien korelasi 0,414 dan frekuensi bertemu penyuluh memiliki hubungan nyata (P<0,05) dengan nilai koefisien korelasi 0,202. Persepsi peternak terhadap peran penyuluh memiliki hubungan sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap manajemen pemeliharaan dengan nilai koefisien korelasi 0,393Kata kunci: karakteristik peternak, persepsi peternak, kambing Kaligesing, peran penyulu
Performance and Meat Quality of Thin Tailed Sheep in Supplementary Feeding Lemuru Fish Oil Protected By Saponification with Different NaOH Concentration
Full text linkThis study was aimed to obtain oil and the exact saponification with different NaOH concentration to protect unsaturated fats, which does can result in good production performance and lamb meat quality with low saturated fatty acid. Stage one studied the performance of sheep production on supplementing lemuru fish oil (LFO) protected with different saponification optimization. Twenty lambs aged 5-6 months early weighing 8-14 kg were divided into 4 treatments, namely P0 basal feed (50% elephant grass + 50% concentrate), P1 (basal feed + soap LFO NaOH 10%), P2 (basal feed + soap LFO NaOH 20%) and P3 (basal feed + soap LFO NaOH 30%) with completely randomized design and 5 replication for performance and 3 replication for meat quality. The results showed that the treatment effect was not significant (P>0.05) on the consumption of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), total digestible nutrien (TDN), daily gain and blood cholesterol. P2 yield the highest daily gain 130.95 ± 19.29 g/head/day of cholesterol at the same time low of 58.67 mg/dl. Stage two studied the criteria of lamb carcass and meat quality in supplementary feeding LFO protected with different saponification optimization. Twelve sheeps were slaughtered for P0, P1, P2 and P3. The results showed that the treatment effect was not significant (P> 0.05) to slaughter weight, carcass weight and carcass percentage, the physical quality of meat (pH, water holding capacity, cooking losses and tenderness), and chemical quality of the meat (DM levels, CP , EE, saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids) except in EPA and DHA increased very significantly (P<0.01). Conclusively, giving soap LFO with different optimization did not significantly affect the appearance and quality of sheep meat production, except in EPA and DHA which were significantly increase
Effect of Condensed Tannin of Leucaena and Calliandra Leaves in Protein Trash Fish Silage on In vItro Ruminal Fermentation, Microbial Protein Synthesis and Digestibility
Full text linkTwo plants as condensed tannin (CT) sources were supplemented to protein trash fish silage (TFS) to observe their effect on in vitro ruminal fermentation product, micobial protein synthesis, and   digestibility. CT supplementation on protein trash fish silage was on control proportion (0), under optimum level (2.0%), at optimum level (4.0%), and above optimum level (6.0%) of g TFS); of protein precipitation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with CT from L. leucocephala; and under optimum level (1.5%), at optimum level (3.0%) and above optimum level (4.5% of g TFS), BSA protein precipitation with CT from C. calothyrsus. The effect on degradation in ruminal fluid and ruminal fluid followed by incubation in HCl-pepsin was evaluated using a modified two-step in vitro method. The CT level of L. leucocephala and C. calothyrsus was 4% and 6%, respectively with protein precipitation BSA was 26.25 and 31.77 g BSA/g CT, respectively. CT supplementation to trash fish silage, ruminal fermentation product (NH3-N, C2, C3, and total VFAs) and digestibility (DM and OM) decreased (P<0.01) and increased (P<0.01) total CP digestibility (in HCl-pepsin). The difference was attributed to CT source without affecting ruminal microbial protein synthesis. CT of L. leucocephala was better in increasing total protein digestibility (70%) than that of C. calothyrsus  (15%). It indicated that CT of C. calothyrsus was less effective in protected TSF protein degradation in rumen compared to that of L. leucocephala
Productivity of Forages in Grassland Merapi Post-Eruption Area, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Full text linkThis research aimed to investigate the productivity and quality of forages (including dry matter, organic matter, crude fiber, crude protein, and extract ether) in the area of Kali Kuning and Krasak River. This area was affected by Mount Merapi Eruption on 2010. The data were taken from the area around the river due to the area was found to be firstly revegetated after the eruption. The Forage classified as grass, legume and forbs. The method applied in the research was Line Intercept method which was done by seeing the botanical composition there and was performed at several observation points. The forage was taken as the sample and then calculated its production and proximately analyzed to determine its chemical composition. The results showed that around the river, the widest cover area in 2013 and 2014 was Brachiariabrizantha grasses. The largest dry matter production in 2013 was Pennisetumpurpuphoides as much as 165.57 g m–2, while in 2014 the largest production of DM was Brachiariabrizantha as much as 190.37 g m–2. Frobs with another type of weed also spread in this area. The Quality of forages around Krasak River increased in 2014 due to the addition of organic matter contained in the soil and the minerals weathering from year to year
Grazing Behavior and Itineraries of Kacang Goat with Different Coat Color under Semi Intensive Management
Full text linkThe objective of this research was to analyze the effect of coat color on behavior and itineraries of kacang goat during grazing time. This research used 9 females and 3 males kacang goat. Behavior observed by one zero sampling method and analyzed using t-Test at level 5%. The result indicated that ingestion and browsing of brown goat (30.91±2.87%; 8.75±3.10%) higher than black goat (28.57±2.69%; 6.07±4.78%), while black goat showed more locomotion (33.26±4.50%) than brown goat (29.70±4.63%). Grazing, panting, and resting behaviors, and distance traveled of black goat (22.56±2.63%; 4.48±4.02%; 2.34±2.97%; 483.48±133.16 m) were not different with brown goat (22.16±2.90%; 4.59±3.71%; 2.64±1.52%; 392.29±81.19 m). Result also  indicated that goat showed more grazing than browsing with high preference in you ng grass than old grass,  legume, and weed
The Efficacies of Banana Stem Extract as a Candidate of Coccidiostat Against Rabbit Eimeria Stiedaio Ocysts: an in Vitro Analysis
Full text linkThe objective of this research was to investigatethe ability of banana stem (Musa paradisiaca) to inhibitsporulation of Eimeria stiedaioocystsderived fromrabbit by in vitroanalysis.Analyze the active substance proximate analysis and active substancesin this research were performed too. Banana stem extract were used in this experiment andsulfaquinoxalline(Coxy ®)was run as acontrol. The Eimeria stiedaioocystswere incubated prior the presence of  different concentration from banana stem extract 0%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 8%for 1, 2 and 3 daysat 26°C. In addition,Factorial patterned Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five replicates wasapplied on the experiment. Result analysis was performed by using Analysis of Variance and following by Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) post hoc test. Here, we identified that banana stem extract contain different type of active substance such as tannin, saponin, and alkaloid. Banana stem extract significantly affected the oocysts sporulation included the amount of sporulatedoocysts (P<0.01), unsporulatedoocysts (P<0.01), and transformed oocysts (P<0.01). In conclusion banana stem could inhibit the development of Eimeria stiedaioocysts on in vitroexperiment. HSD test showed that the optimum potential efficacy of banana stem toinhibit sporulation was at 4% and 8% concentration during three days incubation