Discovery Phytomedicine Journal
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ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIULCER ACTIVITIES OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT AND FRACTIONS OF SOLANUM ANOMALUM
Get PDFSolanum anomalum leaf is used in Ibibio traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments including diabetes mellitus, malaria and ulcer. The ethanol leaf extract and fractions of Solanum anomalum were investigated for in vitro antioxidant activity using various models; 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, Ferric Reducing Power assay (FRAP) and Nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay and antiulcer activity using indomethacin, ethanol and histamine-induced ulcer models in rats. The leaf extract and fractions exhibited significant antioxidant activity with the hexane and dichloromethane fractions demonstrating higher antioxidant potentials. The leaf extract (70-210 mg/kg) was found to significantly (p<0.05 -0.001) inhibit ulcers induced by indomethacin, ethanol and histamine in a dose-dependent fashion. These results suggest that the leaf extract of Solanum anomalum possess  antioxidant and antiulcerogenic potentials which are due to the activities of the phytochemical constituents
Investigation of antiemetic, antimicrobial and anti-radical properties of methanolic extract of Foeniculum vulgare: A medicinal herb
Get PDFObjectives: This study was conducted to investigate the antiemetic, antimicrobial and anti-radical activity of methanolic extracts of Foeniculum vulgare.  Materials and Methods: The antiemetic assay was carried out by using chick emetic model with minor modifications by calculating the mean decrease in the number of retching. The antimicrobial activity of the crude extract was performed by Disc Diffusion method. The anti-radical activity was determined by the 2, 2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) method.Results: The anti-emetic activity of Foeniculum vulgare leaves on young chicks revealed that these extracts have a less anti-emetic effect. The group of chicks treated with Chlorpromazine was found to have 60.6 retches as compared to the 66 retches of the control group, thus Chlorpromazine reduced the retches by 7.93%. The chickens treated with leaves extracts inhibited the retches up to 2.03%. The minimum antimicrobial effect was found in this methanol crude extract. The extract did not appear potent in terms of both zones of inhibition and spectrum of activity. In anti-radical activity test, the extract showed moderate free radical scavenging activity with IC50 value 240.39μg/ml. while compared to that of the reference standard ascorbic acid.Conclusion: Methanolic extract of Foeniculum vulgare leaves have minimum anti-emetic and anti-microbial activities and moderate anti-radical properties
ANTIMALARIAL AND ANTIPYRETIC ACTIVITIES OF CORNSILK EXTRACT AND FRACTIONS OF ZEA MAYS
Get PDF Antiplasmodial and antipyretic activities of Z. mays L. (Family- Poacae)  cornsilk extract and fractions, was carried out to ascertain the folkloric claim of its antimalarial and antipyretic activities. The cornsilk extract (170–510 mg/kg) and fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol; 340 mg/kg) were investigated for suppressive, prophylactic, and curative antiplasmodial activities against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei infections in Swiss albino mice and for antipyretic activity against D-amphetamine, 2,4-dinitrophenol and yeast-induced pyrexia. chloroquine (5 mg/kg) and pyrimethamine (1.2 mg/kg) were used as positive controls for antiplasmodial models and Acetyl salicylic acid, ASA,(100 mg/kg) was used as standard for antipyretic models. Thin films made from tail blood of each mouse were used to assess the level of parasitaemia of the mice. The extract/fractions progressively reduced parasitaemia induced by chloroquine-sensitive P. berghei infection in prophylactic (46.16–86.80%), suppressive (48.59–71.95%), and curative (22.4–82.34%) models in mice. These reductions were statistically significant (p<0.01–0.001). They also improved significantly (p<0.01–0.001) the mean survival time (MST) from 18.91 to 23.66 d in suppressive, 17.33 to 28.00 in prophylactic and 20.25 to 26.75 d in curative models relative to control (13.75 d). The activities of extract/fractions were comparable to that of the standard drugs used (pyrimethamine) in prophylactic model only. The extract exerted prominent inhibition of pyrexia on amphetamine, dinitrophenol and yeast-induced pyrexia (5 h). Inhibition was significant (p<0.05–0.001) from 2 to 5 h post- administration of extract and in a dose-dependent fashion. The plant may possess antiplasmodial and antipyretic effects which may in part be mediated through the chemical constituents of the plant
In-vivo evaluation of Anti-onciceptive, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic, Hypoxia and Gastro-intestinal potentials of SwasKas Chintamani Ras
Get PDFBackground: SwasKas Chintamani Ras (SKC) an Ayurvedic preparation used for respiratory disease was tested for the pharmacological study using small laboratory animals. The purpose of the experiment is to study the analgesic and anti-inflammatory, antipyretic activity, drug’s property to modify the survival time, gastro-intestinal effects/side-effects.Method: Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of the drug was carried out by three complementary test methods namely formalin induced paw licking test, xylene induced ear edema test and acetic acid writhing test. Antipyretic activity of the drug was determined by infra-red thermometry test. Drug’s property to modify the survival time of mice was studied by hypoxia test. For investigating the gastro-intestinal effects / side-effects gastric emptying test, gastro-intestinal motility test, colon transit time test and castor oil induced anti-diarrhoea test were conducted. Mild analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect was observed by formalin induced paw licking test and xylene induced ear edema test in SKC treated animal that was more prominent in female mice.Results: SKC at a dose of (100 mg/kg) showed significant analgesic effect, surprisingly reverse effect was observed at the higher doses. SKC treated male/female mice exhibit overall decrease in body temperature at dose 100 mg/Kg in the experimental period. SKC results in negligible decrease in gastric emptying at 2nd hour but increases in gastric emptying at 4th hour in experimental male mice. SKC at the dose of 100 mg/kg, showed an increase in the gut motility from the early 1sthrs to 4th hr. SKC also showed increase in colon transit time indicating possibility of potential laxative effect.Conclusion: It can be said from this experiment that SKC is devoid of any prominent side effects, further in-depth toxicological study is recommended to validate the safety of this Ayurvedic drug
Assessment of Antidiarrheal Action of the Methanolic Extract of Brassica nigra Flower in Swiss Albino Mice
Get PDFThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of methanol extracts of Brassica nigra flower using castor oil – induced diarrhoea and gastrointestinal motility test using charcoal meal method. The methanolic extract was initially fractioned which was assayed for its effect in castor oil – induced diarrhoea at different doses (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) followed by its evaluation on the peristaltic movements in charcoal meal test using loperamide as a reference drug. The results of the present study indicated that, administration of the various fractions of methanolic extract of Brassica nigra induced dose-dependent percentages of inhibition of diarrhoea. The antidiarrheal potential of this plant might be due to its high contents of flavonoids and tannins. It could be claimed that, the remarkable antidiarrheal activity of Brassica nigra flower support to its utility in a wide range of remedies of diarrhoea
Justicia secunda Vahl species : Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Future Directions : a mini-review
Get PDFThe aim of this review was to provide knowledge on Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Justicia secunda Vahl. and Justicia species from various electronic databases (Science Direct, PubMed Central, PubMed and Google scholar). The scientific names of those plants species were used as akeyword for the search, along with the terms phytochemistry and pharmacology. The chemical structures of the Justicia species naturally occurring compounds were drawn using ChemBioDraw Ultra 12.0 software package. Results revealed those plants are traditionally used for the treatment of respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases and as well as inflammation. Those plants are also utilized for their effects on the central nervous system as hallucinogens, somniferous agents, sedatives, depressors and treatments for epilepsy and other mental disorders. Other species are popularly used in the treatment of headache and fever, sedative, analgesic properties, cancer, diabetes, and HIV. Those plants are reported to possess various biological properties like antitumoral activity against different cancer cell lines, anticancer activity against P388 lymphocytic leukemia in mice, inhibitory activity in vivo against P-388 lymphocytic leukemia growth and in vitro cytotoxicity in the 9-KB (human nasopharyngeal carcinoma) an cell lines (Justicia spicigera Schltdl.), antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiangiogenic, anthelmintic, and hepatoprotective activities, human ovarian cancer cell line (Justicia rhodoptera Baker), as well as prevention of some tumoral cell growth (Justicia patentiflora Hemsl), bronchitis, arthritis, vaginal discharges, dyspepsia and eye disease. These properties are due to the presence of numerous naturally occurring phytochemicals like phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, saponins, coumarins, terpenes and Phytochemical studies on leaves from J. gendarussa revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, triterpenes, amino acids, aromatic amines, stigmasterol, lupeol and steroids. The results of the present review of literature makes an interesting candidate for advanced antisickling pharmacological investigations such as Justicia secunda Vahl antisickling, anti-hemolytic and membrane stabilizing effects of this plant
Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Cytotoxic activities of Ethanol extract and its different fractions of Sterculia cordata leaves
Get PDFBackground: Sterculia cordata is a flowering plant and belongs to the family Malvaceae. The goal of our investigation was to determine the significant medicinal properties of the leaf of this plant.Methods: Leaves of Sterculia cordata was extracted with pure ethanol, then fractioned with n-hexane, Ethyl acetate, chloroform and methanol. The extract and fractions were tested for secondary metabolites and the determination of total phenol, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity. The antibacterial screening was done by disk diffusion technique. The cytotoxic bioassay was carried out with the method as described by brine shrimp bioassay.Results: Alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, and tannins are present in all extracts and fractions of Sterculia cordata leaves. Among all extract and fractions, MFEESC exhibited strong antioxidant activity in both reducing powers. Phenol content was at a range of 3.06±0.34 mg to 45.61 ± 0.43mggallic acid/g, flavonoid content was 25.87±0.20 mg to 36.57±0.34 mg quercetin/g. In antibacterial screening, the moderate zone of inhibition (8-12 mm in diameter) was observed against gram-positive Bacillus subtilis, and more promising zone of inhibition (7.8-14mm in diameter) against gram-negative pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli. Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella paratyphi did not show any sensitivity. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, chloroform fraction revealed the highest cytotoxic activity having LC50 value 95.23 mg/ml.Conclusions: The overall results of the study indicated significant Antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of Sterculia cordata  leaves. So this plant deserves further investigation to isolate the active constituents responsible for these activities and to establish the mechanism of action
New insight in neuropharmacological activities of Dioscorea alata
Get PDFThe purpose of our present study was to evaluate the neuropharmacological activities of the methanolic extract of Dioscorea alata tuber using mice model. Neuropharmacological activities of this extract were determined using standard behavioral mice models like- elevated plus maze and hole board test for anxiolytic activity; open field, hole cross, tail suspension and force swimming test for exploratory activities of mice. Our result showed that D. alata extract possesses significant dose dependent indicative of neophilia in elevated plus maze and hole board test. The time spent in open arm was 28±0.95 seconds (for 250 mg/kg extract feeding group) and 82±2.02 seconds (for 500 mg/kg extract feeding group); whereas the control groups spent time was 19.0±2.17 seconds. In addition, the crude also showed a significant dose dependent suppression of exploratory activity by decreasing serotonin level of swiss albino mice in open field, hole cross, tail suspension and force swimming test respectively at both doses (
Ficus Sycomorus L (Moraceae): A review on its Phytopharmacology and toxicity profile
Get PDFFicus Sycomorus (F. sycomorus), belonging to the family of moraceae, is an evergreen tree found in Nigeria and other parts of the world. It has several medicinal and culinary uses. This present review evaluated its traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological and toxicological effects. From this evaluation, bioactivity guided isolation and purification of its promising extracts is recommended to facilitate the discovery and development of its lead molecules as alternative therapie
An Updated review on the Bioactivities and Phytochemistry of the Nutraceutical Plant Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) as valuable phytomedicine of multi-purpose
Get PDFAims: To critically summarize and provide update knowledge on phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Moringa oleifera with a view to provide baseline data for medicinal food fortification formulation.Study Design: Multidisciplinary advanced bibliographic surveys, utilization of ChemBioDraw software package and dissemination of the resulted knowledge.Place and Duration of Study: Faculty of Science, University of Kinshasa, Department ofEnvironmental Science, University of Gbadolite and Faculty of Science, University of Kisangani, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, between March and June 2018.Methodology: A deep literature search was carried out to obtain information about the phytochemistry and pharmacognosy of M. oleifera from various established scientific databases such as PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct and Google scholar. The scientific name of this plant species was used as a keyword for the search, along with the terms phytochemistry and bioactivity or pharmacognosy. The chemical structures of the M. oleifera naturally occurring compounds were drawn using ChemBioDraw Ultra 12.0 software package.Results: Comparative analysis of the literature revealed that Moringa oleifera is traditionally used to treat several ailments. This plant is reported to possess various pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antifungal, antispasmodic, anticancer, antipyretic, anti-proliferative, wound healing, and antidyslipidemic, CNS effects as well as it is efficient against infertility. These properties are due to the presence of numerous naturally occurring phytochemicals like tannins, alkaloids, phenols, glycosides, flavonoids and steroids while its proximate composition makes it very relevant in daily life as nutraceutical.Conclusion: The present review can, therefore, help inform future scientific research towards the development of novel drugs of relevance from M. oleifera to improve human health and wellbeing. Especially, M. oleifera could serves as drug candidates for Sickle cell anemia treatment and others ailments of relevance in developing world like Democratic Republic of the Congo