Discovery Phytomedicine Journal
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Microscopy features, Phytochemistry and Bioactivity of Mondia whitei L. (Hook F.) (Apocynaceae): A mini-review
Get PDFAim: To provide update knowledge on phytochemistry and bioactivity of Mondia whitei.Study Design: Multidisciplinary advanced bibliographic surveys, utilization of ChemBioDraw software package and dissemination of the resulted knowledge.Place and Duration of Study: Faculty of Science, University of Kinshasa and Department ofEnvironmental Science, University of Gbadolite, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, between January and March 2018.Methodology: A literature search was conducted to obtain information about the phytochemistry and pharmacognosy of A. reticulata from various electronic databases (PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct and Google scholar). The scientific name of this plant species was used as a keyword for the search, along with the terms phytochemistry and pharmacognosy. The chemical structures of the A. reticulata naturally occurring compounds were drawn using ChemBioDraw Ultra 12.0 software package.Results: Findings revealed that this plant is traditionally used as stimulant or pain reliever. This plant is reported to possess various biological properties like anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antihelmintic, antipyretic, antihyperglycemic, analgesic, wound healing, antisickling and cytotoxic effects. These properties are due to the presence of numerous naturally occurring phytochemicals like tannins, alkaloids, phenols, glycosides, flavonoids and steroids.Conclusion: The present review can, therefore, help inform future scientific research towards the development of novel drugs of relevance from M. whitei for the improvement of human health and wellbeing
Biomedical and Phytochemical Study of Methanol Extract of Hevea Brasiliensis Roots in Swiss Albino Mice
Get PDFHevea brasiliensis, a plant belonging family Euphorbiaceae. In Brazil this plant is not only use for medicinal purpose but also for cosmetics purpose. The present study was aimed to study analgesic and antidiarrheal activity of methanol extract of Hevea brasiliensis. Analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid- induced writhing method and antidiarrheal by gastrointestinal motility method (charcoal meal test) in mice. Phytochemical evaluation was carried out by qualitative analysis. For analgesic evaluation, the extract (250 mg and 500 mg) showed significant activity compared to control diclofenac Na. On the other hand, for antidiarrheal activity the extract (250 mg and 500 mg) significantly reduce charcoal propulsion. The phytochemical evaluation showed significant presence of Alkaloids, Carbohydrates, Glycosides, Saponins, Phytosterols, Proteins and amino acids, Fats & fixed oils. It’s concluded that the extract possesses both analgesic and antidiarrheal activity and containing wide range of phytochemicals
In-vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in Swiss albino mice and in-vitro thrombolytic activity of methanol extract of ten days mature whole plant of Triticum aestivum
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and thrombolytic activities of methanolic extract of Triticum aestivum. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the plant extract was evaluated by formalin induced licking and biting test and carrageenan induced paw edema methods respectively in Swiss albino mice. The thrombolytic activity was evaluated by clot lyses test found for human. The methanolic extract of this plant showed the dose dependent analgesic effect by formalin induced licking and biting test in mice. The extract was capable of inhibiting of 35.69% and 45.72% licking and biting  at dose 100 and200 mg/kg, respectively (at early phase) and42.7% and 54.65%  of inhibition at dose 100 and 200 mg/kg respectively (at later phase) compared to reference standard drug (10 mg/kg acetyl salicylic acid).During carrageenan induced paw edema test, at dose 400mg/kg, the extracts showed moderate anti-inflammatory potential in mice model, showing inhibition of edema 19.023% at final hour compared with reference standard drug Ibuprofen. In case of in vitro thrombolytic activity test, at dose 10 mg/ml, the plant extract showed significant thrombolytic activity, 57.90% lysis of clot compared to reference standard drug Streptokinase. The result demonstrated that the plant extract possess analgesic, anti-inflammatory and thrombolytic properties that justified the uses of the plant extract as tradition medicine for the treatment of various diseases
A review on the Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) and Future direction
Get PDFThe aim of the present review is to provide information on the ethno-medical use and scientific knowledge on Psidium guajava to researchers in the field of biology, chemistry and pharmacognosy. A literature search was conducted to obtain information about the phytochemistry and pharmacology of Psidium guajava from the electronic databases like PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct and Google scholar. Scientific name of this plant species was used as keyword for the search, along with the terms phytochemistry and pharmacology. The chemical structure of the P. guajava naturally occurring compounds was drawn using ChemBioDraw Ultra 12.0 software package. An extensive survey of literature (Multidisciplinary advanced bibliographic surveys) revealed that  Psidium guajava L. is a good source of health promoting secondary metabolites like Flavonoids, Tannins, glycosides, terpenoids, etc. The medicinal plant Psidium guajava is reported to possess various pharmacological properties like anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticough, antidiarrheal, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, cardioprotective,  antimutagenic, hepatoprotective and larvicidal effects. These properties are due to the presence of various phytochemicals like tannins, alkaloids, phenols, glycosides, flavonoids and steroids.The present review can therefore help inform future scientific research towards the development of novel drugs against Sickle cell Anemia because of the presence of naturally occurring triterpenoids acids like Guavacoumaric, Ursolic, 2α-hydroxyursolic, Maslinic, Asiatic, Jacoumaric, Isoneriucoumaric, Guajavanoic and Guavenoic acids
Screening of selected aromatic plants belonging to Labiateae and Verbenaceae family for their antimicrobial activity
Get PDFThe present study aimed that 17 plant species belonging to Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae families were screened for their antimicrobial activity. The crude extracts of root, stem, leaf, inflorescence and whole plant were prepared in n-Hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and D/W and tested against six gram positive and six gram negative bacteria by agar well diffusion method and the zone of inhibition was measured. The MIC value was examined by the twofold serial broth dilution method. The results showed that Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens and Enterococcus faecalis were found to be most susceptible organism. The n-hexane crude extracts inhibited the growth of Klebsiella pneumonia (91.17%), Bacillus cereus and Serratia marcescens (88.23%), ethyl acetate extract Enterococcus faecalis (85.29%), Bacillus cereus (82.35%) while methanolic extract found to inhibit the growth of Bacillus cereus (76.47%). Least to no activity was found in D/W extract. Salmonella paratyphi, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus were found to most resistant organism for all tested crude plant extracts. The MIC values were observed in the range of >8 mg/ml to 0.25 mg/ml of selected crude plant extracts against tested organisms. HPTLC finger printing and TLC-bioautography of certain active extracts demonstrated the presence of common phytochemical compound in plant extracts. The results obtained in present study suggested that these plant extracts can be a source of active principle for antibacterial activity
In-vivo antiemetic and antinociceptive, cytotoxic and in-vitro thrombolytic potential of hydro-alcoholic stem and leaves extract of jatropha gossypiifolia.
No full textThis study describes the biological investigations of hydro-alcoholic leaves and stem extract of Jatropha gossypiifolia, a plant belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae, to reveal their possible contribution as an antiemetic, antinociceptives, cytotoxic and thrombolytic factor. The leaves and stems of Jatropha gossypiifolia were extracted with methanol. The leaves extracts were used for the observation of thrombolytic potential. Result reveals that the leaves at a concentration of 2.5mg/mL, showed maximum activity (27.255 ± 0.90%), whereas 20 mg/mL sample solution showed the lowest activity (7.722 ± 0.26%), when comparing positive control streptokinase. The extracts were used for the investigation of cytotoxic activity considering vincristine sulfate as a positive control. The leaves and the stems portion have considerable cytotoxic property (LC50 are 0.00532 µg/ml for stems and 0.000109 µg/ml for leaves, respectively) when comparing with positive control. The methanolic extract showed potent antiemetic activity at the highest concentration both at leaves and stem extracts as compared to positive control metoclopramide. Where metoclopramide shows 73% of inhibition, there leaves and the stem portion of the plant shows 90% and 91% of emesis inhibition respectively. By using a standard protocol, the crude methanolic stem and leaves extract of J. gossypiifolia was conducted to attempt for antinociceptives activities, where Diclofenac Na is used as a standard. The crude methanolic extract of leaves and stem exhibit 31.07% and 30.79% writhing inhibition in test animals respectively, which are statistically significant. The results of the study showed that the plant extract has potential thrombolytic, cytotoxic, antiemetic and antinociceptive activities
In vivo antiplasmodial activity evaluation of the leaves of Ruta chalepensis L. (Rutaceae) against Plasmodium berghei
Get PDFRuta chalepensis has been used in the Eastern Africa for management of malaria despite lack of scientific evaluations. This study was carried out to evaluate the in vivo antiplasmodial activity of the 80% methanol extract of the leaves of the plant. The screening was done using Swiss albino mice against chloroquine sensitive rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium berghei, following the standard 4-day suppressive test procedure. Three extract doses (100,200 and 400 mg/kg/day) were given orally. Parasitemia level, survival time as well as weight variation were measured for evaluating antiplasmodial efficacy. Moreover, preliminary phytochemical and acute toxicity studies were carried out.The presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides as well as saponins was confirmed. The oral LD50 was determined to be higher than 2000mg/kg. Antiplamodial activity of the extract was inversely related with the dose so that the100mg/kg dose was the most effective (mean parasitemia of 29.92 +0.94 on day 4,
Evaluation of thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing, and antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of Tabernaemontana recurva Roxb.
Get PDFThis study was undertaken to elucidate preliminary phytochemical and pharmacological investigations like thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing activity, and antioxidant property on methanolic extract of Tabernaemontana recurva. Thrombolytic test was done by using streptokinase enzyme as the standard, whereas acetyl salicylic acid used as a standard for determination of membrane stabilizing potential and antioxidant property was tabulated as gallic acid equivalent (GAE). The phytochemical screening of crude methanolic extract of T. recurva possesses phenol, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, carbohydrates, phytosterols, and tannins. Plant methanolic extract showed very negligible clot lysis (4.21%) and membrane stabilizing property (16.12%) at 10 mg/ml dose. Total phenolic content was found to have 5.89 mg of GAE/gm of extractives. We do believe this plants deserve further research, and wish to endeavor every possible source of new medicine, because, to discover cure to disease no stone should be left unturned
Maqui and Omega 3: effects on lipid profile, oxidative stress levels and psycho-physical items in human subjects
Get PDFAims: to assess short-term efficacy of supplementation with Maqui (Aristotelia Chilensis (Mol.Stuntz)), a polyphenol with antioxidant power, and EPA/DHA concerning metabolism, oxidative stress and mental/physical state.
Patients and Methods: a pilot prospective observational clinical/laboratory study was performed on 17 apparently healthy subjects (8 males and 9 females, mean age 47 years). All subjects received for two months: a) Maqui 600 mg per day and b) 360 mg of EPA and 240 mg of DHA (salmon oil) daily. At day 0 and day 60 all subjects underwent nine laboratory tests related to inflammation, metabolism (lipid profile mainly) and oxidative stress parameters. Pre-post treatment weight and BMI was calculated. A few physical and mental parameters were assessed by means of Short-Form 12 questionnaire. Statistical analysis was applied to the resulting data through Wilcoxon test and t-paired test.
Results: laboratory results before and after Maqui + EPA/DHA supplementation were respectively (mean and p-value for the comparison): total cholesterol 228.8/199.8 mg/dl, p=0.23; low density lipoproteins 127.4/122.1 mg/dl, p=0.13; high density lipoproteins 59.1/57.6 mg/dl, p=0.25; Reactive C Protein 0.18/0.09 mg/dl, p=0.32; triglycerides 106.1/91.1 mg/dl p=0.09, glycemia 92.9/92.8 mg/dl p= 0.92; total free radicals 338.0/303.6 U.Carr., p=0.002; serum anti-oxidant capacity 2075/2190 umol/l, p= 0.04; oxidized lipoproteins 641.8/553.1 uEq/l, p=0.10. SF12 physical and mental items (mean values and SD) were 51.2 (+/- 6.2) and 41.2 (+/- 3,3) at day 0 and 54.6 (+/- 11.6) and 47.2 (+/- 9.7) at day 60 respectively. One case of transient constipation was recorded.
Conclusions: daily supplementation with Maqui 600 mg + Omega 3 fatty acids (EPA 360 mg + DHA 240 mg) in apparently healthy middle-aged subjects resulted in a statistically significant improvement of oxidative stress parameters. An overall (non statistically significant) improvement of dysmetabolism biomarkers was achieved. Mental and physical parameters have mildly improved
Phytochemical screening and evaluation of cytotoxic activity of Pandanus fascicularis L. (Fruits)
Get PDFThe present study was conducted to evaluate possible phytochemicals present, and cytoctoxic activity of extract of fruits of Pandanus fascicularis L. Phytochemical screening was carried out using the standard test methods of different chemical group. Evaluation of cytotoxic activity was done using the brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The aqueous, methanolic, ethanolic, ethyl acetate, pet ether and chloroform extracts show presence of maximum phytochemicals such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, proteins, terpens, phenols, glycosides, carbohydrate in different fractions etc. During cytotoxicity test, the positive control groups showed nonlinear mortality rates at lower concentrations and linear rates at higher concentrations. The LC50 values of Chloroform extract was found 1.0636 µg/ml where the positive control vincristine sulphate showed LC50 at a concentration of 0.200µg/ml. Therefore, the plant extract possess potent cytotoxic effect