Discovery Phytomedicine Journal
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The proliferation and differentiation of pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells from Vietnamese drug formulations
Get PDFA public heath problem, osteoporosis, is recognized as the prevalent disease, and mainly causes for impairment and loss mass of bone. It closely related the balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and resorption by osteoclasts during the remodeling cycle of bone. Hence, pharmaceutical therapies are looking for the potential agents to stimulate osteoblastic bone formation, as well as inhibit osteoclastic processes
Review of Traditional Chinese Medicine for treating Diabetic Nephropathy
Get PDFAbstract: Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the microvascular complications of diabetes and almost the leading cause of end-stage kidney failure in the world, responsible for morbidity and mortality. Currently the management strategy for DN consists of antihypertensive and antiproteinuric measures but these therapies have been suboptimal. Many herbs have been recommended for treating DN as an adjuvant therapy. However, the recommendations are mostly based on animal studies. Thus, the evidences about their mechanisms and clinical usefulness are limited.Purpose: This review focused on the medicinal herbs which can treat DN.Method: The search was done in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases a 15-year period between 2004 to 2019 with keywords search of medicinal plant, plant extract, diabetic nephropathy, Traditional Chinese medicine.Results: According to the results, many plants showed positive effects but Astragalus polysaccharides, Panax Notoginoside, Berberine had the best DN treatment effects with exact mechanisms of action. Conclusion: It seems that using these medicinal plants or the extraction of their active ingredients as complementary therapeutics will improve the management of DN in patients
Effect of Asparagus racemosus on selected female reproductive parameters using Wistar rat model.
Get PDFDysmenorrhea is a major cause of female morbidity globally. Asparagus racemosus (ASP) is traditionally used to manage dysmenorrhea in Nakuru, Kenya. This study evaluates the effect of Asparagus racemosus on female reproductive parameters; estrus cyclicity, mating success, gestation length, litter size and dysmenorrhea. The effect of Asparagus racemosus and ibuprofen on isolated uterine strips was evaluated using six non-pregnant rats. The uterine strips were exposed to serial extract concentrations (20, 40, 80,160 mg/ml) and 20 mg/ml ibuprofen was used as a positive control.There was significant increase of proestrus phase (P < 0.001) and a subsequent significant reduction in the metestrus (P < 0.01) and diestrus (P < 0.05). No significant difference in mating success and gestation length, however Ibuprofen caused significant disruption of gestation length (P < 0.05). Â The treated groups produced higher number of pups compared to controls. The plant extract caused a dose dependent significant reduction in uterine force of contraction by (-0.15%, -5.13%, -7.97%, -19.55 %) at 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/ml respectively. The plant extract also caused a significant decline in frequency of uterine contraction (-5.99%; -9.61%; -16.76% and -25.21%) The extract caused no mortality even at the limit dose; 5000 mg/kg. Asparagus racemosus reduces uterine force and frequency of contraction. This is probably the reason for its traditional use in dysmenorrhea management
Phytochemical screening, antioxidant, analgesic and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects of Pittosporum tobira leaves
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to determine in the first time the phytoconstituents and the in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties of the ethanol extract of P. tobira leaves (PTL) and to assess its in vivo pharmacological action on pain.Phytochemical screening was done using standard protocols. The antioxidant potential was investigated using two methods including hydrogen peroxide and DPPH radical-scavenging assays. An assessment of the anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of PTL was performed. The analgesic activity was also evaluated using a hot plate and acetic acid assays.Alkaloid, saponins, cardiac glycoside, terpenoids, flavonoids and reducing sugars were found to be present in the leaf of P. tobira. PTL showed a significant antioxidant capacity by inhibition of DPPH radical (EC50 = 143.4 µg/mL) and H2O2 (EC50 = 46.29± 2.1 µg/mL) scavenging activities. Moreover, acetylcholinesterase enzyme was strongly inhibited by PTL with the IC50 value of 100.79 µg/mL. The analgesic effect of PTL was evaluated in mice after intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid (1%, 10 mL/kg, ip). The results showed that PTL reduced significantly the abdominal writhing in mice with an inhibition percentage of 14.78%, comparable with standard paracetamol (10.31%). Furthermore, PTL (350 mg / kg) increased remarkably the reaction time of mice with relatively extended duration of stimulation in the hot-plate test when compared to the control groups.We conclude that the leaf extract of P. tobira possesses potential antioxidant, anti-nociceptive, and anti-acetylcholinesterase properties which could be assigned to the presence of bioactive compounds in its composition
Determination of antiemetic, antimicrobial and anti-radical properties of two plants of Apiaceae family growing in Bangladesh
Get PDFObjectives: This study was conducted to investigate the antiemetic, antimicrobial and anti-radical properties of two plants of Apiaceae family named Foeniculum vulgare and Centella asiatica. Materials and Methods: The antiemetic assay was carried out by using chick emetic model with minor modifications by calculating the mean decrease in the number of retching. The antimicrobial activity of the crude extract was performed by Disc Diffusion method. The anti-radical activity was determined by the 2, 2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) method.Results: The anti-emetic activity of the selected two plants on young chicks revealed that these extracts have a less anti-emetic effect. The group of chicks treated with Chlorpromazine was found to have 38.4 retches as compared to the 60.4 retches of the control group, thus Chlorpromazine reduced the retches by 36.96%. The chickens treated with Foeniculum vulgare and Centella asiatica extracts inhibited the retches up to 7.01% and 15.67% accordingly. The minimum antimicrobial effect was found in these two crude extracts. Both of these extracts did not appear potent in terms of both zones of inhibition and spectrum of activity. In anti-radical activity test, the Foeniculum vulgare and Centella asiatica showed moderate free radical scavenging activity with IC50 value 240.39 μg/ml and 241.71% respectively while compared to that of the reference standard ascorbic acid. Conclusion: The selected two plants of Apiaceae family possess less anti-emetic, minimum anti-microbial and moderate anti-radical activities
Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. (Sarphuka, Wild Indigo): An important drug of Unani system of medicine
Get PDFTephrosia purpurea is a species of flowering plant in the pea family, Fabaceae, widespread in the Indian subcontinent. In Unani system of medicine it is either used as a single drug or as an ingredient in many Unani formulations which are use in the treatment of various ailments of the body. In the present manuscript the information available about this drug in Unani literature, phytochemical and pharmacological investigations carried out upto August 2018 are summarized. Sarphuka is a blood purifier, diuretic, digestive, laxative, resolvent, antidote etc. It is used in the treatment of syphilis, gonorrhea, leprosy, pruritus, inflammation, hemorrhoids and skin diseases. Pharmacological and clinical investigation of Tephrosia purpurea revealed anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, antioxidant, antileishmanial, anti-carcinogenic and anti-lipidperoxidative activities.Â
Macaranga barteri stem bark extract exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesia activity in murine models
Get PDFThis study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperalgesia and antioxidant activity of the hydro-alcoholic stem bark extract of Macaranga barteri (MBE). The carrageenan-induced foot oedema and Hargreaves thermal hyperalgesia models in rats were used to examine the anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic effects respectively. The 2, 2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) free radical scavenging and total antioxidant capacity assays were used to determine the antioxidant activity. In a curative protocol, MBE (30, 100, 300 mg kg-1, p.o.) dose dependently and significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced foot oedema by 37.01 ± 13.08, 53.01 ± 9.87 and 64.11 ± 9.05% respectively (ED50 = 89.37 ± 7.52 mg kg-1). The extract further attenuated cutaneous hyperalgesia by prolonging paw withdrawal latencies towards an external heat stimulus with an ED50 of 105.5 ± 4.22 mg kg-1. MBE was found to possess a total antioxidant capacity of 531.62 ± 10.98 mg g-1 dry weight (Gallic acid equivalent) and scavenged DPPH free radicals with an IC50 of 19.45 ± 1.46 µg/mL. The results provide the first report on the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant activity of M. barteri stem bark and partly justify its traditional use in the management of inflammation and pain. This could be attributed to phytochemicals such as tannins, terpenoids, sterols, coumarins and flavonoids which were identified in preliminary phytochemical studies of the stem bark
Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Potential Analysis of Methanolic Extracts of Ten Days Mature Triticum aestivum Linn. (Whole Plants)
Get PDFTriticum aestivum Linn. is a common wheat plant which have been used as traditional herbal medicine and is highly valued for its therapeutic and nutritional properties. In the present study we intended to screen possible chemical groups and the antimicrobial potential of methanolic extracts of ten days mature whole plants of T. aestivum Linn. Phytochemical analysis was done by different qualitative chemical tests and antimicrobial potential was ascertained by disc diffusion method. The phytochemical analysis of the crude extract executed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, glycosides, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids and phenols. Broad spectrum antimicrobial activity was revealed by the crude extracts at the concentration of 400 μg/disc. Ciprofloxacin was used as standard antibiotic to compare with that of the results. In order to isolate and characterize the antimicrobial active constituents responsible for the antimicrobial potential, further work especially bioassay-guided fractionation may be confessed.Â
Evaluation of in vivo analgesic, antiemetic and anxiolytic effect of methanolic extract of Litsea monopetala in animal model
Get PDFObjective: The present study was conducted to investigate in vivo analgesic, antiemetic and anxiolytic effect of methanolic extract of Litsea monopetala in animal model.Materials and Methods:  Analgesic activity was performed by formalin induce method .The antiemetic activity was conducted by using chick animal model where mean decrease in number of retches were calculated and anxiolytic activity was done by using Elevated Plus Maze(EPM) and Hole board method.Results: The methanolic extract of Litsea monopetala at a dose of 400 mg/kg exhibited statistically significant(P<0.05) and produced  66.67% of inhibition of paw licking in mice where standard drug showed 50 % inhibition. The extract further showed dose dependent and statistically(P<0.05) significant antiemetic activity at a dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg respectively. In addition the extract has showed excellent CNS depressant activity in both Elevated Plus Maze(EPM) and Hole board method in compare to standard drug diazepam.Conclusion: From our current study it is obvious that the extract has good analgesic, antiemetic and anxiolytic effect which may be due to the presence of different chemical constituents like terpenes , flavonoids, tannins, saponin and sterols.Â
Determination of thrombolytic, antioxidant and analgesic activity of methanolic extracts of Rudbeckia hirta
Get PDFObjective: This study was carried out to evaluate the thrombolytic, antioxidant and analgesic activity of plant extract of Rudbeckia hirta.Materials and Methods: For thrombolytic activity, a standard in vitro method was applied. Antioxidant activity was measured by employing method of Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) or Folin's phenol reagent or Folin–Denis reagent, also called the gallic acid equivalence method (GAE) in which the total phenolic content of methanol extract was determined. Analgesic potential of the methanolic extract was tested using the model of acetic acid induced writhing in mice.Results: The thrombolytic activity measured by a standard method revealed that this plant extract has a dose dependent thrombolytic activity. GAE method showed that the total phenolic content of methanol extract of Rudbeckia hirta was 24.56 mg of GAE/gm of extract. The analgesic activities of the plant extract were significant (p< 0.05) at the dose of 500 mg/kg-body weight in comparison with control animals; however, the activity was less than that of diclofenac Na (standard). Conclusion: Methanolic extractof Rudbeckia hirta leaves have moderate thrombolytic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.Â