Discovery Phytomedicine Journal
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A Study on Hevea Brasiliensis for evaluation of phytochemical and pharmacological properties in Swiss Albino Mice
Get PDFHevea brasiliensis, a plant belonging family Euphorbiaceae. In Brazil this plant is not only use for medicinal purpose but also for cosmetics purpose. The present study was aimed to study analgesic and antidiarrheal activity of methanol extract of Hevea brasiliensis. Analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid- induced writhing method and antidiarrheal by gastrointestinal motility method (charcoal meal test) in mice. Phytochemical evaluation was carried out by qualitative analysis. For analgesic evaluation, the extract (250 mg and 500 mg) showed significant activity compared to control diclofenac Na. On the other hand, for antidiarrheal activity the extract (250 mg and 500 mg) significantly reduce charcoal propulsion. The phytochemical evaluation showed significant presence of Alkaloids, Carbohydrates, Glycosides, Saponins, Phytosterols, Proteins and amino acids, Fats & fixed oils. It’s concluded that the extract possesses both analgesic and antidiarrheal activity and containing wide range of phytochemicals
Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity and phytochemical profile of Croton menyharthii plant from Tana River County Kenya
Get PDFCroton menyharthii root bark is used tomanage female reproductive ailments inTana River County, Kenya. The planttreats dysmenorrhea, prevents abortion,stops post-partum hemorrhage and is alsoa contraceptive. Toxicological andphytochemical profile of the plant is stillunknown. Preliminary phytochemicalscreening of Dichloromethane-Methanoland aqueous Croton menyharthii root barkextracts was carried out as per method used by Kisianan et al., 2019. Acute oraltoxicity study was conducted using femalerats by using OECD 423 guidelineswhereas the sub-acute toxicity study wascarried out using OECD 407 guidelines.General behavior, adverse effects andmortality were keenly observed throughoutthe experimental period. Food intake,water intake, body weight, organ weight,hematological and biochemical parameterswere evaluated. Alkaloids, saponins,phenols, cardiac glycosides and tannins were present in both organic and aqueousextract. Both extracts had acute oraltoxicity greater than 2000 mg/kg. In thesub-acute toxicity study, there was asignificant dose-dependent decrease in thelevels of total protein in rats treated with200 (P<0.006), 400 (P<0.00) and 800mg/kg (P< 0.00) aqueous extract relativeto the control. None of the extracts causeda significant effect on haematologicalparameters. Long term administration ofCroton menyharthii root bark extract isassociated with significant alterations inrenal physiology. Given the finding, werecommend the judicious use of the rootbark extracts of Croton menyharthiiparticularly when long term use is beingconsidered
Phytochemical profile, antioxidant and anthelmintic activities of O. gratissimum leaves collected in Kinshasa (D.R. Congo)
Get PDFExtracts of natural plants contain several chemical groups with various biological activities. This work aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, anthelminthic activities and determining the secondary metabolites, mineral and histological elements of Ocimum gratissimum from Democratic Republic of the Congo used for various culinary and therapeutic purposes. Primo Star 200® microscope was used for microscopic analysis further thin layer chromatography and X-ray fluorescence were used for chemical analysis. Antioxidant and anthelminthic activities were evaluated with DPPH° radical scavenging method and the rate of Benhamia rosea death, respectively. Spiral vessels, group scleritis, sclerotic fiber, pollen seed, stomata, hairs cells were found by Powder microscopic analysis. Secondary metabolites such as polyphenols (tannins, flavonoids, anthocyanins, leuco anthocyanins), alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids and various mineral elements (K, Ca, Cl, P, S, Mg, Na, Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, etc.) were found in O. gratissimum leaves. Aqueous extract showed a high antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 25.7 ± 1.03 μg/mL. Aqueous extract of O. gratissimum leaves is a good antioxidant and it has an interesting anthelmintic activity
Assessment of thrombolytic, antioxidant and analgesic properties of a medicinal plant of Asteraceae family growing in Bangladesh
Get PDFObjective: This study was carried out to evaluate the thrombolytic, antioxidant and analgesic activity of plant extract of Rudbeckia hirta, a medicinal plant of Asteraceae family.Materials and Methods: For thrombolytic activity, a standard in vitro method was applied. Antioxidant activity was measured by employing method of Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) or Folin's phenol reagent or Folin–Denis reagent, also called the gallic acid equivalence method (GAE) in which the total phenolic content of methanol extract was determined. Analgesic potential of the methanolic extract was tested using the model of acetic acid induced writhing in mice.Results: The thrombolytic activity measured by a standard method revealed that this plant extract has a dose dependent thrombolytic activity. GAE method showed that the total phenolic content of methanol extract of Rudbeckia hirta was 24.56 mg of GAE/gm of extract. The analgesic activities of the plant extract were significant (p< 0.05) at the dose of 500 mg/kg-body weight in comparison with control animals; however, the activity was less than that of diclofenac Na (standard). Conclusion: Methanolic extract of Rudbeckia hirta leaves have moderate thrombolytic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties
Gastro-protective and anti-acidic effects of Corchorus trilocularis Linn against diclofenac-induced gastric ulcers.
Get PDFEthnopharmacological RelevanceCorchorus trilocularis Linn leaves are consumed as green leafy vegetables that are boiled and used as relish, or potherb by some rural communities in Eastern Africa for the treatment of stomach ulcers.Aim: This study investigated the gastro-protective effects of Corchorus trilocularis Linn (local name ‘mrenda’), a popularly consumed vegetable in Kenya, on diclofenac-induced gastric ulcers and established its possible mechanisms of action.Methods: In the in-vivo study, thirty six Sprague dawley rats of either sex weighing 150-200 grams were randomly assigned into a normal control (distilled water), negative control (distilled water plus diclofenac sodium), treatment (200 and 400 mg/kg Corchorus trilocularis Linn plus diclofenac sodium), positive control group (omeprazole plus diclofenac sodium), or comparison group (400 mg/kg aqueous leaf extract of spinach). The ulcer index, total acidity, volume, pH of gastric secretions, and gastric morphology were assessed. In the in-vitro anti-acidity study, a rat stomach was perfused with Kreb’s solution and the pH of the mucosal perfusate measured using a digital pH meter for 1 hour after exposure to histamine, acetylcholine, or pre-treatment with 400 mg/kg of the extract prior to addition the acid secretagogues.Results: The extract, significantly reduced the ulcer index and total acidity in comparison to the diclofenac group. The high dose extract also increased the gastric pH and had cytoprotective effects. However, it did not significantly affect the volume of gastric secretions. In the in-vitro study, the extract significantly inhibited histamine and acetylcholine stimulated gastric acid secretions as analyzed by the areas under curve for pH against time.Conclusions. The gastro-protective effects of Corchorus trilocularis Linn against diclofenac induced gastric ulcers are; therefore, mediated through preservation of the gastric mucosal barrier, increase in gastric pH, and inhibition of gastric acid secretion through the histamine H2 and acetylcholine M3 extracellular pathways on the parietal cell
The antispasmodic effect of aqueous root bark extract of Carissa edulis (Forssk.) Vahl on isolated rabbit jejunum is mediated through blockade of calcium channels
Get PDFBackgroundSpasms of the gut underlie hyperactive gut disorders. These conditions are highly prevalent and impart greater health care cost. Herbal antispasmodic remedies form a source of affordable, safe and easily available treatments in low resource areas. There is, therefore, a need to scientifically evaluate the therapeutic potential of these remedies. This study investigated the antispasmodic effect of aqueous root bark extract of Carissa edulis, herb used to manage hyperactive gut disorders such as abdominal colic and diarrhea.Materials and methodsPieces of jejunum were isolated from adult New Zealand White rabbits. They were mounted in an organ bath containing Tyrode’s solution. The rate and force of contraction were recorded using Powerlab coupled to Chart5 Software. The effects of the extract (0.1-10.0 mg/ml) on spontaneous jejunal contraction were investigated. The effect of 1.0 and 3.0 mg/ml extract was investigated on acetylcholine, KCl and CaCl2 induced contraction.ResultsCarissa edulis extract dose-dependently (0.1-10 mg/ml) significantly decreased the force but not the rate of spontaneous jejunal contraction. Extract (1 and 3 mg/) significantly decreased the magnitude of acetylcholine, KCl and CaCl2 induced contraction.Conclusions Aqueous root bark extracts of Carissa edulis possess a significant antispasmodic effect on rabbit jejunum. This appears to be through calcium channel blockade. These results validate its use as a remedy for hyperactive gut disorders.Â
Evaluation of anthelmintic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of methanolic extract of Artocarpus lacucha leaves
Get PDFArtocarpus lacucha is a medicinal plant of Moraceae family and conventionally used in diverse disorder. Investigation and design of this study was carried out to evaluate its antioxidant, anthelmintic and anti-inflammatory activity with methanolic extract of Artocarpus lacucha leaves. Thrombolytic activity was evaluated by using Perthima posthuma. For antioxidant potential total phenolic content and DPPH free radical scavenging activity test were conducted. Hypnotic solution and heat induced hemolysis was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity. The methanolic extract of Artocarpus lacucha showed a significant anthelmintic activity in dose dependent manner that was comparable with that of standard drugs albendazole (10 mg/ml). Five different concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/ml) were used, whereas the albendazole drug at 10 mg/ml used as standard. The total phenolic content of the methanolic extract was found 74.4±0.291 while compared with gallic acid as standard. The IC50 value for the DPPH test was found 26.95±0.009. It indicates plant extract showed moderate antioxidant property. In case of membrane stabilizing assay, the methanolic extract (10 mg/ml) showed maximum effect with a value of 15.06 and 20.16% inhibition of hemolysis caused by hypotonic solution and heat respectively. On the other hand standard acetyl salicylic acid (0.10 mg/ml) revealed 53.71 and 56.32% inhibition of hemolysis induced by hypotonic solution and heat correspondingly. These pharmacological activities showed that the methanolic extract has potential anthelmintic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Further research would help to reveal all its potency for safer new drugs in medical science. Â
Review on ethnobotany, phytochemitry and bioactivity of the Tropical medicinal plant species Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poiret. (Hypericaceae)
Get PDFAims: To provide knowledge on phytochemistry and bioactivity of H. madagascariensis Lam. ex Poiret.Study Design: Multidisciplinary advanced bibliographic surveys, utilization of ChemBioDraw software package and dissemination of the resulted knowledge.Place and Duration of Study: Faculty of Science, Pedagogical National University, Faculty of Science, University of Kinshasa and Department of Environmental Science, University of Gbadolite, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, between October 2018 and decembre 2019.Methodology: A literature search was conducted to obtain information about the phytochemistry and pharmacognosy of H. madagascariensis from various electronic databases (PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct and Google scholar). The scientific name of this plant species was used as a keyword for the search, along with the terms phytochemistry and pharmacognosy. The chemical structures of the H. madagascariensis naturally occurring compounds were drawn using ChemBioDraw Ultra 15.0 software package.Results : Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poiret. is a species of shrubs belonging to the family of Hypericaceae and is native to Madagascar and grows in the forests of tropical Africa, which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases. The plant is reported to possess antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective activity and vasodilatory effects. A wide range of chemical compounds including four prenylated anthranols, harunganols C−F, along with kenganthranol A, harunganin, and ferruginin A [were identified from the leaves and two anthronoids named harunmadagascarins A and B, along with the harungin anthrone, harunganol B, methyl 3-formyl-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl benzoate, friedelin, lupeol and betulinic acid were identified from the stem bark of H. madagascariensis.Conclusion: This review can therefore help to inform future scientific research for the development of new drugs of relevance for improving human health and well-being. In particular, drug candidates for the treatment of diseases due to oxidative stress such as sickle cell disease. Â
Aphrodisiac Activity of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit extract on the sexual function in rats.
Get PDFPunica granatum L. has proven to possess aphrodisiacs effects in the management of male sexual disorder. There being no scientific validation of these claims, Punica granatum fruit extract was investigated for its aphrodisiac activity in male rats.Fifty (50) adult male and female albino rats of Wistar strain weighing 250-350 g and 200-250g respectively were used in this study. The pomegranate fruit extract was orally administered (500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg) to different groups of male rats on a once-daily regime for seven (7) days.Oral administration of Punica granatum L. fruit extract at the dose of 1500 mg/kg produced a significant increase of sexual activity in male rats. It caused a significant increase in Mounting Frequency, Intromission Frequency, Intromission Latency and caused a significant reduction in Mounting Latency and Post Ejaculatory Intervals. It also significantly increased Mounting Frequency with Penile anaesthetization as well as frequencies of Erection, Quick and Flips, Long Flips and the aggregate of penile reflexes with penile stimulation. In addition, the extract was also observed to be devoid of any adverse effects and acute toxicity.The resultant significant and sustained increase in the sexual activity of normal male rats without any conspicuous adverse effects indicate that Punica granatum certainly has aphrodisiac activity particularly at the dose of 1500 mg/kg and lends support to the traditional claim
Experimental analysis of isolated compounds of Borreria hispida (L) in the context of antioxidant.
Get PDFBorreria hispida comprises an effective potential source of natural antioxidant, which might be helpful in preventing the progress of various oxidative stresses. This study aimed to gain information by molecular docking of biologically active compounds of Borreria hispida with Glutathione reductase (GR), Urate oxidase(UO), Protein-tyrosine kinase 2-β (PTK-2β) and Peroxiredoxin-5(PRDX5) proteins target that are responsible for antioxidant activity and also correlate the relation by previous literature in vitro antioxidant analysis. Molecular docking analysis of the compounds was done by Schrodinger. Furthermore ADME properties of the isolated compounds were evaluated with QikProp. A mixed range of docking score was found during molecular docking by Schrodinger where the in vitro study showed moderate antioxidant activity. They also satisfy the Lipinski rule to sow the drug-like properties. Due to its superior docking score, it could be an effective GR, UO, PTK-2β and PRDX5 inhibitors. Furthermore studies are required to detect GR, UO, PTK-2β and PRDX5 inhibitory activity of isolated compounds from Borreria hispid