Coffee Science (E-Journal)
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EFFECT OF INDUCED BIOLOGICAL FERMENTATIONS ON COFFEE SENSORY QUALITY
Get PDFQuality coffee consumption has been gradually increasing and having an impact on coffee prices not only for domestic but also for the foreign market. Different processing (preparation) methods of coffee will directly influence the quality of the final product. Taking this into consideration, this study aimed at evaluating sensory attributes of coffee submitted to biological fermentation. The experiment was carried out in a block design with 4 x 4 +1 factorial scheme. We evaluated the sensory attributes of coffee submitted to different fermentation treatments and times (8, 16, 24, 32 hours submerged in water, water + Saccharomyces cerevisiae, water + Saccharomyces bayanus, and water + Lactococcus lactis)
EVALUATION OF PROBIOTIC MICROENCAPSULATION IN A PREBIOTIC MIXTURE WITH COFFEE EXTRACT
Get PDFThe objective in the present study was to evaluate coffee extract as an encapsulant material, when mixed with prebiotic carbohydrates, in order to obtain a coffee-based, non-dairy probiotic beverage. Six coffee extract formulations were evaluated with maltodextrin and inulin, in various proportions, for the obtaining of microcapsules with the probiotic strain L. casei ATCC 393, by way of spray drying. The best formulations encountered were MD-INU:EXT (50:50) and EXT:Water (50:50), which were spray dried, for increased viability, elevated wettability and solubility, low hygroscopicity, and adequate morphology for this type of powdered product. The formulation was composed of maltodextrin, inulin, and coffee extract, and MD-INU:EXT (50:50) presented the best physicochemical and viability characteristics. The potential of coffee extract was proven as a wall material in microencapsulated, non-dairy, highly acidic, probiotic products. Optimal viability was achieved, in the order of 1x106 CFU/mL, for both selected formulations, which maintained functional potential for up to 11 weeks of storage
SELECTIVITY OF THE HERBICIDE CHLORIMURON ETHYL ON YOUNG COFFEE PLANTS
Get PDFThe great interference of weeds in coffee plants, due to competition for water, light and nutrients, makes their control essential. Among these control methods, the chemical stands out, due to its high efficiency and low cost. However, as a function of application failures, phytotoxicity is frequent in coffee plants due to herbicide drift. Aiming to search for active ingredients selective to coffee, the objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of the active ingredient Chlorimuron ethyl in coffee seedlings, and its effects on plant morphology, anatomy and physiology. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with ‘Topázio MG 1190’ coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.), grown in 11-L pots. The statistical design was in randomized blocks, with four replications and four herbicide doses. Each plot consisted of three plants. The treatments were: 0%; 50%; 100% and 200% of the recommended commercial dose of the herbicide Chlorimuron ethyl. Evaluations were performed at 120 days after treatment application. Morphological, physiological and anatomical characteristics were evaluated, besides possible phytotoxicity symptoms inherent to herbicide application. The herbicide Chlorimuron ethyl caused phytotoxicity symptoms in coffee seedlings, evidenced from the leaflet dose, through leaf deformation and cracking, with growth losses not exceeding 10%, but without damage to plant physiology and anatomy
IMPACT OF DRYING METHODS OVER THE GERMINATIVE POTENTIAL OF CONILON COFFEE OF LATE MATURATION
Get PDFThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of different drying methods (regarding temperature and drying time) over the seed moisture and germination of seeds of Coffea canephora, harvested from genotypes of late maturation. For this end, seeds from selected genotypes were harvested and dried using two different methods: drying at 25 ˚C with natural circulation of air and drying at 35 ˚C with artificial circulation of air. The seeds were evaluated to quantify the loss of moisture content, and their germinative potential was assessed by parameters of germination speed, and the proportion of seedlings with healthy germination originated from them. The results show it is possible to apply different drying methods; using different systems, temperatures and times of exposure; to decrease the moisture content of seeds of C. canephora, from 50% (freshly harvested seeds from genotypes of late maturation, in July) to under 18% (dried seeds). Even if the initial stages of the drying process, while the seeds still present high moisture content, are similar for both methods, the method with artificial circulation of air at 35 ˚C promotes the drying speed and is able to achieve the lower levels of seed moisture using less than half of the time required by method with natural circulation of air at 25 ˚C. This faster moisture removal, however, has negative impacts over the germinative potential of the seeds, which are not observed for seeds subjected to the slow natural drying
INITIAL ROASTING TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON THERMAL BEHAVIOUR AND CHARACTERISTIC OF LIBERICA COFFEE
Get PDFThe roasting process has brought about some changes in transition phases, in chemical characteristics, and microstructures of minerals in the Liberica coffee beans. Two initial roasting temperature variations were carried out to study the thermal behavior and characteristic of Liberica coffee, namely 200 °C and 230 °C. The thermal behaviour of phase changes of the Liberica green and ground coffee after the roasting process has been identified by using Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). Chemical functional groups and molecular structures have been well-analyzed by using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), Scanning Electron Microscope with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) and X-Ray Powder Diffractions (XRD) for the green and roasted Liberica coffee. The DSC spectra indicated a high decomposition process that occurred during thermal treatment with crystallization and melting temperature around 120 °C and 325 °C for both roasting initial temperature variations, respectively. The FTIR and LC-MS are able to identify the chemical change in both the green and the roasted coffee. The dominant compounds found in the roasted Liberica coffee are caffeine, trigonelline, nicotinic acid, and dehydrocafestol. The XRD spectrum indicates that there is an amorphous phase for the green coffee and a sucrose crystal phase for the roasted coffee within the activity in 2θ = 20.3° and 21.1°
AGRONOMIC TECHNIQUES FOR MITIGATING THE EFFECTS OF WATER RESTRICTION ON COFFEE CROPS
Get PDFWater restriction significantly affects coffee (Coffea arabica L.) production. The study of a few agronomic techniques that optimizes water use can generate technologies for mitigating the effects of climatic variations on coffee crops. The aim of this study was to indicate agronomic techniques that mitigate the effects of water restriction on coffee crops. For this end, we analyzed the morphophysiological changes in coffee plants cultivated in a greenhouse with different types of fertilizers and soil conditioners and under two levels of irrigation. The evaluations were conducted 130 days after planting, assessing the morphological and physiological characteristics of the plants. We also quantified soil moisture in the different treatments. The water restriction expressively hindered plant growth. The use of controlled release fertilizers and soil conditioners, especially coffee husk, is indicated for mitigating water restriction in coffee crops
QUALITY OF SPECIALTY NATURAL COFFEE STORED IN DIFFERENT PACKAGES IN BRAZIL AND ABROAD
Get PDFA challenge in the packaging and export of specialty coffees is to avoid green coffee bean storage and transport conditions that negatively affect the sensory quality of the roasted beans. This study evaluated green beans of specialty coffees in eight types of packaging storaged in in a warehouse in Poços de Caldas, MG, Brazil, for 18 months (Brazilian phase) and subject to sea transport and subsequent storage at a specialty coffee import company (export phase) in the United States, where it remained stored for 14 months. Physical, chemical, and sensory analyses of the beans were performed in the Brazilian phase and export phase. Green coffee beans stored in high-barrier packages had the best conserved quality. Packages with little or no barrier were not adequate for packaging or exporting of specialty coffees. Beans in high-barrier packaging maintained their quality for long periods, and this type of packaging is recommended for specialty coffee storage and export
COFFEE WASTE BIOCHAR: CHARACTERIZATION AND ZINC ADSORPTION FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION
No full textThe final disposal of organic wastes has become a major challenge with increasing industrialization and population growth. Coffee wastes are examples of this, thus the conversion of these biomasses into biochar through pyrolysis could provide economic and environmental benefits, such as remediation of heavy metal polluted water. Therefore, in this work, biochar produced at 700 °C from spent coffee grounds and coffee parchment were evaluated for Zn removal from aqueous solution. Batch adsorption tests were performed with six Zn concentrations and four replicates for each material. The desorption process was performed sequentially with a pH 4.9 buffer acetic acid solution. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were fitted to the adsorption data using non-linear models. Batch adsorption tests showed that the adsorption was strongly dependent on biochar properties. Biochar prepared from coffee parchment was more effective at Zn binding, showing the highest adsorption capacity (0.792 mg g-1). Nevertheless, both biochars bounded Zn strongly and the adsorption process was not easily reversed
EVALUATION OF SLOW RELEASE FERTILIZER ON THE INITIAL DEVELOPMENT AND COFFEE PRODUCTION
Get PDFThe objective in this work was to evaluate the efficiency of slow release fertilizer in seedling production, initial development and first coffee production. The research was carried out at Sitio Santa Felicidade, Campestre - MG, Brazil, in a randomized block design with two treatments and ten replicates, totaling 20 experimental plots. Coffee seedlings were produced using Ciclus Substrate (20% N, 22% P2O5 and 5% K2O) and conventional fertilizers 4 kg simple super phosphate (18% P2O5) and 0.25 kg Potassium Chloride (58% K2O). The variables evaluated were size, dry and fresh matter of the shoot and root system, and the seedlings were transplanted to the field and those from Ciclus Substrate received in the first year Ciclus NS (30% N) and in the second year. NK (19-00-19) and conventionally produced with conventional fertilizers (20-00-20 and 25-00-25 respectively), the variables evaluated were: shoot growth, length and number of plagiotropic branch internodes Slow release fertilizer ciclus Substrate has been found to be a viable technology for the production of arabica coffee seedlings, coffee planting NS provides good plant development and coffee producing NK provides good plant growth and higher productivity
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF A PRODUCTIVE UNIT OF FAMILY-BASED ORGANIC COFFEE
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to analyze the economic analysis of a family-based organic coffee production unit, called Rossmann Grange, located in the municipality of Santa Maria de Jetibá/ES, Brazil, certified organic since 2001 using the records of cost and production for the period from 2006 to 2016. The following indicators were evaluated: total operational cost; net operating income; profit and cost ratio. The results obtained were: total operating cost of R 3,022.66/ha; index operating cost benefit of 1.27; and profitability of the invested capital of 26.53%