Coffee Science (E-Journal)
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SELECTION OF FUNGAL ISOLATES WITH POTENTIAL FOR PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZATION AND FORMULATION OF INOCULANT FOR COFFEE CROPS
Get PDFThe dependence on chemical fertilizers for the future of agriculture will result in additional soil health losses, possibility of water contamination and continued currency avoidance due to the increasing dependence on imports. The indiscriminate use of synthetic fertilizers has polluted the soil and watersheds, destroying useful microorganisms and insects, what makes crops more susceptible to diseases. Considering this critical scenario, microorganisms have stood out as a potential alternative for maintaining the productivity, reliability and sustainability of the global food chain. In order to increase the productivity and/or reduce the amount of fertilizers, as well as to meet the requirements for the use of low-solubility phosphorus sources, microorganisms were isolated from the rhizosphere and artificially cultivated. Subsequently, they were selected regarding their potential for solubilizing phosphorus and incorporated into a low-cost matrix. A microbial inoculant was thus developed and tested in a coffee crop. It was possible to formulate an inoculant based on an isolate selected from Aspergillus niger, using an inactivated seed and sodium alginate as matrices. It was also observed that there was a greater correlation between the evaluated parameters and increasing doses of the inoculants when Araxá apatite was used as source of phosphorus, proving the importance of the inoculants as release factors and availability of phosphorus in the case of sources less soluble, giving Brazilian agriculture greater autonomy in the input market
ASSOCIATION OF INDAZIFLAM AND OXYFLUORFEN IN COFFEE PRE- TRANSPLANTATION
Get PDFWeed management in the pre-transplantation of coffee plants is an essential condition for the future success of the crop. Currently, the producer has few options to perform chemical management at this stage. Therefore, one of the solutions that is being used is the tank mixing of products proven efficient with new products on the market, such as indaziflam. The objective of this study is to know the selectivity of indaziflam, associated or not with oxyfluorfen, in coffee pre-planting and its effectiveness in weed control. Thus, the following treatments were tested in the field: indaziflam (25 g ha-1 a.i.), indaziflam (50 g ha-1 a.i.), oxyfluorfen (960 g ha-1 a.i.), indaziflam (25 g ha-1 a.i.) + oxyfluorfen (960 g ha-1 a.i.), indaziflam (50 g ha-1 a.i.) + oxyfluorfen (960 g ha-1 a.i.), plus a weeded and a non-weeded control. All treatments caused low intoxication in the seedlings, but without impairing the development and orphological variables of the plants. The treatments were efficient in controlling the species Bidens pilosa L., Commelina benghalensis L., Urochloa decumbens, Emilia fosbergii and Melampodium perfoliatum until 68 days after application. At 104 days, it was observed that there was a reduction in the efficiency of the products. It is concluded that the associated use of indaziflam and oxyfluorfen does not cause intoxications capable of interfering with the development of coffee plants. The association of these herbicides or their isolated applications is efficient in the control of weeds in the pre-transplantation of coffee plants, and the choice of the best management strategy is dependent on the weed community present in each area
SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF CARBOHYDRATE AND CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT IN THE COFFEE CANOPY
Get PDFThe spatial variability of the total chlorophyll content and carotenoids content, starch and soluble sugars of coffee canopy were mapped throughout the day. Therefore, evaluations were carried out in a ‘Catuaí Vermelho’ coffee plant with 1.7 meters height. A vertical gradient (from the apex to the base of the plant canopy) and a horizontal gradient (plagiotropic branches) were established to analyze different positions of the canopy. Thus, in the vertical direction, four heights were analyzed in the plant: top, upper, middle and lower regions. In the horizontal gradient, the plagiotropic branches were divided into three parts: basal, median and apical. Collection of leaf samples was performed on the east and west sides of the canopy, at 9 a.m., totaling 24 collection points at each time. Higher content of photosynthetic pigments and concentration of sugars were observed in the western face and in the inner parts of the coffee tree. The content of chloroplast pigments and sugars of an individual coffee leaf diverge considerably from other leaves, which requires caution when scaling estimates at the global canopy level. The analysis of some punctual leaves does not serve to discriminate the overall dynamics of a canopy
QUIZALOFOP-P-ETHYL CONTROLLING SOURGRASS (Digitaria insularis) AND GOOSEGRASS (Eleusine indica) IN INFESTED COFFEE AREAS
Get PDFChemical control is the main weed management system in coffee crop. Herbicides alternatives controlling grass weeds in infested coffee areas are limited, mainly due to the few options of registered herbicides. Thus, it is important to evaluate selective post-emergence herbicide to control these important weeds in coffee crop. The objective of this work was to evaluate the selectivity, efficiency and agronomic viability of the herbicide IHH 0513 (Quizalofope-P-ethyl 50g ai L-1) compared to Glyphosate on grass control in coffee crop. Two experiments were carried out in randomized blocks with four replications in the municipality of Lavras and Santana da Vargem (MG - Brazil) in a commercial coffee crop cultivar “Mundo Novo” and “Catuai” to evaluate the herbicide effectiveness in the crop rows. The experimental design was a randomized block design with seven treatments and four replications. Treatments consisted of IHH 0513 doses (Quizalofope-P-ethyl 25, 50, 75 and 100 g ai ha-1) compared to the standard GLI OVER (Glyphosate 480 g ia L-1) at the dose of 1680g ai ha-1 + Iharol at 0.5% v/v. Application occurred when sourgrass and goosegrass were at the beginning of development with up to 4 tillers (early vegetative stage) and in a second trial, at advanced stages of development (highly branched and /or flowering). Control assessments in percentage were performed at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after application (DAA) of the treatments. A note of phytotoxicity was given by the EWRC scale (1964). The control of weeds was evaluated in each experimental plot using the visual notes scale of FRANS et al. (1986), where: 0% represents no control, and 100% total control of the species in question, compared to the population present in the non-weed control. In general, the dose of 1500 and 2000 mL per hectare of IHH 0513 (75 and 100 g ai ha-1) for the weeds at early vegetative stage presented the highest levels of controls (above 90%). The dose of 2000 mL per hectare (100 g ai ha-1) was efficient at 28 DAA to control more developed plants. No symptoms of phytotoxicity caused by the IHH 0513 product were detected at any dose tested. Quizalofop-P-ehtyl can be recommended for integrated weed management in coffee for sourgrass and goosegrass
PHIALOMYCES MACROSPORUS REDUCES CERCOSPORA COFFEICOLA SURVIVAL ON SYMPTOMATIC COFFEE LEAVES
Get PDFSaprobe fungi and necrotrophic pathogens share the same niche within crop stubble and the search for fungi non-pathogenic to plants that are able to displace the plant pathogens from its overwintering substrate contributes to the disease management. Brown eye spot (Cercospora coffeicola) is among the most important coffee diseases, it is caused by a necrotrophic pathogen that has decaying leaves as its major source of inoculum. We have screened saprobe fungi for the ability to reduce C. coffeicola sporulation and viability and determined the possible mechanisms involved in the observed biocontrol. A selected saprobe fungus, Phialomyces macrosporus, reduced the pathogen’s viability by 40% both in vitro and in vivo. The fungus acts through antibiosis and competition for nutrients. It produced both volatile and non-volatile compounds that inhibited C. coffeicola growth, sporulation, and viability. It also produced the tissue maceration enzyme (polygalacturonase), which reduces the pathogen both in detached leaves or in planta. The reduction in the fungal viability either by the saprobe fungus or its polygalacturonase-fraction supernatant resulted in the reduction of the disease rate. Therefore, P. macrosporus is a potential microbial agent that can be used in an integrated management of brown eye spot through the reduction of the initial inoculum of the pathogen that survives and builds up in infected leaves.
MORPHOAGRONOMIC AND SENSORY PERFORMANCE OF COFFEE CULTIVARS IN INITIAL STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT IN CERRADO MINEIRO
Get PDFDespite the great diversity of available Arabica coffee cultivars it is observed that, even when presenting different phenotypes of interest, new cultivars are adopted at a slow pace by coffee growers. One possible reason may be the lack of information on the performance of these genotypes in different regions and culture conditions. The aim this work was to verify the performance of twelve coffee cultivars in relation to morphoagronomic characteristics at initial stage of development, as well as the beans quality, in a condition of typical cultivation of the Cerrado. The trial was carried out in the municipality of Monte Carmelo - MG, in randomized block design, with four replicates. Morphoagronomic characteristics were evaluated 15 months after the implantation of the crop. The productivity and, subsequently, the quality of the beans, were evaluated at 18 months. Statistical analyzes were performed using the Genes software. The data were submitted to analysis of variance. The F test was used to determine the significance of treatments. The means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test (1974) at 5% probability and the experimental precision was verified by the estimation of the experimental variation coefficient (CV) and the selective accuracy. The sensory attributes were evaluated in a radar diagram, called “Sensogram”. Genetic variability was observed among cultivars for the vegetative characters. The cultivars Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 and MGS Aranãs stood out as more productive, with a high percentage of sieve 16 and above and low percentage of grain type mocha. All the cultivars stood out as special, with emphasis on the cultivar Bourbon Amarelo IAC J10 in the wet processing and Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 in the natural processing
APPLICATION OF COFFEE PEEL WASTE AS RAW MATERRIAL FOR XYLOOLIGOSACCHARIDE PRODUCTION
Get PDFCoffee is the second most common trade commodity in the world after petroleum. The coffee industry generates large amounts of waste in the form of coffee peels. Coffee peel waste consist of lignocellulose containing hemicellulose and other chemical compounds. The objective of this research was to extract xylan, the main component of hemicellulose from coffee waste, and to utilize the xylan in the production of xylooligosaccharide (XOS). Xylan was extracted from coffee waste using NaOH solution and neutralized by HCl 6 M. Afterward, xylan was precipitated using ethanol. Various NaOH concentrations (4, 8, 12 and 16 % w/v) were used to obtain the xylan. NaOH solution with a concentration of 12 % results 43 % extraction of xylan from coffee waste. Xylan obtained from the extraction was hydrolyzed using endo-β-1,4-xylanase from Bacillus sp. to produce XOS. The incubation time of enzyme-substrate was observed at 40 oC, pH 5 and enzyme dose of 23.6 U. Thin layer chromatography results showed that the hydrolyzed products of xylan are XOS with composition xylobiose (X2), xylotriose (X3), xylotetraose (X4) and xylopentaose (X5). LC-MS studies revealed that X2 is the dominant product with the concentration of 6.00 ppm. This research demonstrates the potential to utilizate coffee peel waste as a source of xylan for the production of XOS
ANALYSIS OF THE COFFEE PEEL APPLICATION OVER THE SOIL-CEMENT BRICKS PROPERTIES
Get PDFANALYSIS OF THE COFFEE PEEL APPLICATION OVER THE SOIL-CEMENT BRICKS PROPERTIES ABSTRACTThe development materials that use less polluting manufacturing techniques and can be manufactured from agricultural and / or industrial waste is an increasingly explored field of research. The objective of the present work was to study the effects of the coffee peel particles (Coffea arabica L.) incorporation in partial replacement of the cement, on the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of bricks, at different ages. For this purpose, soil was corrected with sand, Portland cement type CP II F-32 and coffee peel particles. After the initial percentage of cement in the mixture was defined as 10%, coffee peels were added in relation to cement, equal to 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The bricks were submitted to simple compression tests, at the ages of 14, 28 and 56 days, thermal insulation at 28 days. The increase in peel content caused increases in water absorption, and reduction of compressive strength and apparent specific dry mass. The interaction between the shell content and the age of the specimens was significant only for the variable resistance to compression. The thermal conductivity found for the material showed its insulating potential, with values below those determined for ceramic bricks. In general, it can be concluded that the material produced did not fit in the normative requirements for soil-cement bricks, however, the mechanical characteristics found in there, indicate the possibility of use in rustic constructions, such as those ones made with adobe bricks.Index Terms: Compressive strength, Durability, Thermal insulation, Vegetable particles.RESUMOO desenvolvimento de materiais que utilizem técnicas de fabricação menos poluidoras e que possam ser fabricados a partir de rejeitos agrícolas e/ou industriais é um campo de pesquisa cada vez mais explorado. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar os efeitos da incorporação de partículas de casca de café (Coffea arabica L.), em substituição parcial ao cimento, sobre as propriedades físicas, mecânicas e térmicas de tijolos em diferentes idades. Para tanto, foi utilizado solo corrigido com areia, cimento Portland do tipo CP II F-32 e partículas de casca de café. Definido o percentual inicial de cimento na mistura em 10%, foram inseridos percentuais de casca de café, em relação ao cimento, iguais a 5%, 10%, 15% e 20%. Os tijolos foram submetidos aos ensaios de compressão simples, nas idades de 14, 28 e 56 dias, isolamento térmico, aos 28 dias. O aumento no teor de casca provocou acréscimos na absorção de água e redução da resistência à compressão e massa específica aparente seca. A interação entre o teor de casca e a idade dos corpos de prova foi significativa apenas para a variável resistência à compressão. A condutividade térmica encontrada para o material evidenciou seu potencial isolante, com valores abaixo dos determinados para tijolos cerâmicos. De um modo geral, pode-se concluir que o material produzido não se enquadrou nas exigências normativas para tijolos de solo-cimento, entretanto, as características mecânicas encontradas, indicam a possibilidade de utilização em construções rústicas, como as realizadas com tijolos de adobe
SUCROSE IN DETOXIFICATION OF COFFEE PLANTS WITH GLYPHOSATE DRIFT
Get PDFThe weed’ control in coffee plants has great importance, as they compete for light, water and nutrients. The chemical control is the most used, emphasizing the glyphosate, however, when applied, drift can occur and consequently cause injuries to coffee. Many farmers use the sucrose application with the objective to reverse the damage caused by the herbicide drift, even without scientific basis to justify such action. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the sucrose application on the detoxification of coffee plants in the implantation phase with glyphosate drift. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using a randomized block design, arranged in a 3 x 3 factorial scheme with 2 additional treatments, using 3 sucrose doses (2, 4 and 8%) with 3 application times (1, 24 and 168 hours after intoxication with 10% of the commercial glyphosate dose) with an additional one in which the plants were not intoxicated and not treated with sucrose and the other additional only with plants intoxicated by glyphosate. After 75 days conducting the experiment, growth, physiological and anatomical characteristics were evaluated. The application of sucrose in the reversal of intoxication of growth variables (height, leaf areaThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the sucrose application on the detoxification of coffee plants in the implantation phase with glyphosate drift. number of leaves, shoot dry weight and dry weight of the root system) was not efficient. For the physiological variables the application of 2% sucrose, one hour after glyphosate intoxication was the most efficient treatment
COFFEE LAND COVER CHANGES ANALYSES: A STUDY CASE IN SÃO PAULO STATE
Get PDFIn this research, we combine data analyses with hotspots method to identify the spatio-temporal trend of São Paulo’s coffee cultivation area. Our hypothesis is that coffee cultivation area has been changing significantly in the study area since 1990. Therefore, the main goal of this research was to map the spatial pattern of coffee land use change. For coffee land use diagnostics, official data of cultivated area, hotspot analyses and growth rate were used. The results demonstrated that coffee cultivation area decreased and concentrated in smaller areas, which are traditionally recognized as “coffee quality regions”. The producer size analyses evidenced that, not only the localization, but also the producer profile changes as well. Smallholders increased but medium and large producers decreased significantly in the studied period. The coffee abandonment analyses demonstrated that, over the study period, 51.46% of the coffee area cultivated in the study region was abandoned.