Coffee Science (E-Journal)
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Cup of excellence and the evolution of the brazilian specialty coffee market: A historical perspective
Get PDFOver its more than 20 years of existence, the Cup of Excellence program has contributed in several ways to the expansion of the Brazilian and global specialty coffee market. Therefore, the aim of this research is to demonstrate, from a historical perspective, the role of the COE in the development of the Brazilian specialty coffee market. To this end, a timeline was drawn up with the main events in the Brazilian specialty coffee market from the late 1980s to the present time. Documentary and bibliographical research was used. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted. Based on the results, it is evident that the technical legacy left by the COE changed the specialty coffee market not only in Brazil but throughout the world. The results also show that the forms, protocols and rules that regulated the competition's editions had an impact on the entire market, including production processes and consumption trends.
Key words: Historiography; Coffee competition; Quality competition
Initial performance of coffee trees with different fertilization and irrigation management
Get PDFCoffee is one of the main agricultural commodities in the world. However, due to its sensitivity to water stress and changes in the availability of finite sources of nutrients and the constant search for a more sustainable agriculture, it is necessary to modulate the responses of plants to soil water and the real nutritional demand of the coffee tree. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze the initial performance of arabica coffee grown with or without water restriction and with five different soil fertilization managements, in order to propose more techniques to optimize coffee production. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in the experimental area of the Federal University of Viçosa, in the city of Viçosa-MG. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2x5 factorial scheme, with two irrigation depths (40% and 80% of the available water in the soil) and five fertilization managements (conventional 100% of the recommended dose, controlled release of 80 and 100% of N and recommended K and organomineral 80 and100% N and K of the recommended dose). In view of the observed results, it can be observed that water restriction in the initial period of coffee development provided a reduction in the variables of root and shoot growth of the plants, regardless of the soil fertilization management used. In environments with greater water restriction, no significant difference was observed between the studied fertilizers and in an environment without water restriction, the controlled release fertilizer 80% presented the highest global growth averages. Water management provided a greater effect on coffee nutrient dynamics than duly studied fertilization management.
Key words: Coffea arabica L.; Coffee nutrition, sustainability, water deficit
Factor analysis for plant and production variables in Coffea canephora in the Western Amazon
Get PDFThe evaluation of morphological characters related to the hulled coffee yield subsidizes the selection of Coffea canephora plants that combine a set of favorable traits. However, the greater the number of traits considered, the more difficult the selection process becomes. In this context, multivariate analyzes can be useful to overcome this problem. The aim of this study was to identify, in a set of agronomic traits of Coffea canephora, the determining factors of biological phenomena and use these factors to recognize patterns of diversity and similarity from biological complexes of interest to the breeder. To this, eleven morphological descriptors were evaluated of 130 clones of the botanical varieties Conilon and Robusta and intervarietal hybrids over two crop years in the experimental field of Embrapa, in the municipality of Ouro Preto do Oeste, state of Rondônia (RO). To group the traits, the multivariate technique of Factor Analysis was used. The effect of genotype x year interaction was significant for the eleven traits analyzed. Based on the scree plot, three factors were established. Factors were interpreted as architecture, vigor and grains with a satisfactory percentage of explained variability. The interpretation of the factors highlighted the importance of the Conilon variety to improve the architecture of the Robusta botanical variety. These results show that it is possible to use factor scores to identify varieties and traits that favor higher production of hulled coffee.
Key words: Coffee; Conilon; Robusta; Intervarietal hybrids; Multivariate analyzes
Evaluation of heavy metals in Roasted Coffee powder in Iran and Turkey
Get PDFNowadays coffee is a popular beverage around the world used in many food industries such as chocolate, dairy industry and also confectionery. Therefore, its quality required special attention. On the other hand, heavy metals have been attracted the attention in food products due to their toxicity and health risks in the food chain. Since coffee is a desirable widely used drink in the world for different age groups, this study aims to measure the concentration of heavy metals and some other elements in several brands of coffee powder from Iran and Turkey markets. After sample collection and preparation, heavy metals were measured using ICP-MS according to the AOAC method. The results showed that fortunately lead, cadmium, cobalt, silver, chromium, and mercury were not detected in any coffee samples. Also, it was observed that Nickel was only found in 3 samples, which was less than the standard limits. The pH of all samples was measured and the range was 5.03 to 6.32 in Iranian and Turkish samples. However, there was a lack of evidence in heavy metals amounts in coffee, this study reveals successful practical information in this field in Iranian and Turkish market but also according to the importance of this issue, further comprehensive studies is needed all over the world.
Key words: Coffee; lead; cadmium; mercury; ICP-MS
Diagnosis about the perspectives of precision applications of coffee growing technologies in municipalities of Bahia, Brazil
Get PDFBrazil is the largest coffee producer in the world and precision agriculture (PA) generates information for decision-making by farmers in crop management. However, one of the challenges is to better understand farmers' view of PA applications, challenges and benefits. This article presentes the applicability perspectives of Precision Agriculture techniques in Bahia state coffee farming, for greater efficiency and economic and environmental sustainability. To achieve the objective of this article, a virtual questionnaire was sent, sent to coffee growers in Bahia state. The questionnaire was sent by email in 2021 and the WhatsApp application, reaching 457 producers, 34 of whom, from all productive regions of Bahia, responded. The rate of return was 7.4%, within the expected by the application of the use. It was found that 59.3% of respondents have a high prospect of using PA in coffee growing, 26.6% have a medium perspective and 11.1%, a low perspective. The research shows that 67.6% do not use PA in the fields and that 51.7% consider the lack of training as a major obstacle to the use of PA and other digital technologies. Thus, the conclusion is reached that there is a promising scenario in Bahia state for the application of PA in coffee growing, as long as there is training for the development of techniques in farming.
Key words: Precision agriculture; survey; agribusiness; rural development
Leaf anatomy, physiology and vegetative growth of fertigated Coffea arabica L. trees after exposure to pruning
Get PDFIn coffee plants, fertigation can be an alternative way to minimize the negative effects exerted by drought and maximize fertilizer use efficiency. However, the fertilization recommendations for fertigated coffee trees are still not very specific, and the recommendations for rainfed crops are used. In addition, little is known about the nutritional requirements for fertigated coffee trees that have undergone the low recepa pruning treatment. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers on leaf anatomy, physiology, and vegetative growth of fertigated coffee trees (Coffea arabica L.) that have been under the low recepa pruning treatment. During the first five years of growth, the cultivar Topázio MG-1190 of the coffee crop received 10, 40, 70, 100, 130, and 160% of the fertilization levels recommended for the rainfed coffee crop. After this period, the crop was exposed to low recepa pruning. It was concluded that different doses of N, P, and K fertilizers modified the internal structure of coffee plant leaves, as well as physiological responses and plant growth; there was stronger vegetative growth, sharper leaf blade, greater thickness of spongy parenchyma, larger phloem area, and higher xylem relative hydraulic conductivity as the N, P, and K fertilizer levels in fertigated coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plants, which received the low recepa pruning treatment, increased. This knowledge can be used as a solid basis for main fertilization recommendations for fertigated coffee trees after exposure to the low recepa pruning treatment.
Key words: Coffea arabica L.; Fertigation; Mineral nutrition; Pruning.
Precision coffee growing: A review
Get PDFPrecision Agriculture (PA) technologies introduction in coffee-growing is becoming essential to advances in sustainable cultivation and increase in output. Applications that involve PA techniques in coffee production are defined now as Precision Coffee growing (PC). Systematically explored, studies on the subject contribute to improvements in the area, relating soil variability to its impacts on plants. The PC's scientific approach offers new forms of management and more security in coffee production. Aimed at reducing pesticides application and nutrients to the soil, contributing to sustainable development in coffee production. Initially, the research on coffee production had dealt with soil spatial variability, highlighting the geostatistical methods and specific ways to sample the soil. With technological advances in agriculture, new ways of monitoring spatial variability are available. In this context, studies are arising on spatial variability related to the plant, applying terrestrial, aerial and orbital sensors, possibly creating perspectives for monitoring and mapping coffee production. Artificial intelligence, Remotely Piloted Aircraft (ARP) products, harvesting yield sensors, automatic grain classifiers, and remote sensing stand out as new technologies under development in coffee production. These applications in PC involving multidisciplinary research demonstrate new relevant ways of improving crop managing and sustainability guaranteeing.
Key words: Digital agriculture; spatial variability; sustainability of cultivation; remote sensing; Sensors
Agronomic, anatomic and physiological characterization of Coffea arabica L. genotypes on irrigated system in the Central Cerrado
Get PDFDue to climatic conditions and the possibility of using machineries, coffee has a potential to achieve high yields with reduced costs, in the biome of Cerrado. Leaf anatomy and physiology can help in the identification of more adapted cultivars to a given environmental condition. The objective is to verify the behavior of Coffea arabica L. genotypes in the Cerrado of the Brazilian Central Plateau through anatomical and physiological characterization and yield. Ten coffee genotypes from the Active Germplasm Bank located in the municipality of Planaltina, Distrito Federal, were evaluated. The genotypes evaluated were: Araponga MG1, Catiguá MG2, Catiguá MG3 P23, Catiguá MG3 P7, Catiguá MG3 P51, Catiguá MG3 P, Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 15, Paraíso MG1 and Topázio MG 1190. The phenotypic characteristics evaluated were the thickness of: adaxial cuticle surface, adaxial and abaxial epidermis surfaces, the palisade and spongy parenchyma, the mesophyll layer, the phloem, number and diameter of the xylem vessels, stomatal density,relationship between the polar and equatorial diameter of the stoma, specific leaf area, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, intercellular carbon concentration and yield. Genotypes of Coffea arabica L. presented a distinction between the characteristics evaluated when grown under climatic conditions of the Brazilian Central Plateau Cerrado, highlighting the variations in the behavior and distinguished adaptation in this environment. The Araponga MG1 genotype stood out for anatomical and physiological characteristics of higher values, such as net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon concentration, abaxial and adaxial epidermis thickness, stomatal density and number of xylem vessels. The genotype Paraíso MG1 stands out for higher grain productivity. The genotype Catuaí Vermelho IAC 15 stands out for anatomical and physiological characteristics such as higher stomatal density, greater number of xylem vessels and greater efficiency in water use, resulting in improved productivity.Key words: Adaptability; Coffee tree; Morphology; Grain yield; Gas exchange
Management of coffee leaf rust using L-glutamic acid biofertilizer combined with fungicide
Get PDFThe use of biofertilizers is a potential tool for the management of crop diseases. Coffee leaf rust, which is commonly controlled by triazole and strobilurin fungicides, is one of the main phytosanitary challenges associated with coffee cultivation. However, the indiscriminate use of such fungicides may be harmful to the environment and human health, in addition to having a negative impact on coffee exports. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of L-glutamic acid on the incidence and severity of coffee leaf rust in the southern region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A biofertilizer made of sugarcane molasses fermented by the bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicumwas used in combination with 25% L-glutamic acid and a fungicide of the triazole group registered for crops. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks with four replications (eight plants per replicate) and seven treatments: fungicides, control test, 0.8 L ha-1 of biofertilizer, combinations of 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1 L ha-1 of biofertilizer and fungicide.Three treatments were initially applied in a preventive way, before the rainy season, and then at intervals of 60 days. After seven months of treatment, we observed that coffee leaf rust incidence was significantly lower in coffee plants treated with combined products when compared to treatments of either fungicide or biofertilizer only, with a reduction of 56% and 45%, respectively, being observed. Among the combinations of biofertilizer and fungicide, coffee leaf rust incidence reduced with an increase in the biofertilizer dose, such thatthe disease incidence in plants treated with a dose of 0.1 L ha-1was 58% lower than that in plants treated with fungicide only. No differences in disease severity were observed among the treatments. In conclusion, the use of a combination of biofertilizer and fungicide is more effective for the management of coffee leaf rust than the use of the isolated products.
Key words: Amino acid; Hemileia vastatrix; Incidence; Severity
Qualities of arabica and robusta cascara kombucha with different concentrations of starter
Get PDFCoffee waste consisted of coffee peel (45%), mucilage (10%) and seed peel (5%). Generally, coffee peel is used in the manufacture of fertilizers. Coffee peel waste is a potential material that can be the producer of caffeine, polyphenol, bioethanol, antioxidantand antimicrobial. Coffee peel has many benefits including ward off free radicals, protect the stomach and give a firming effect on skin. This research aimed to create functional drink with high antioxidant activity by optimizing arabica and robusta coffee peel waste. This research used Completely Randomized Factorial Design with two treatment factors namely type of cascara (arabica and robusta) and starter concentration variation (5%, 10% and 15%). The treatment repeated three times. The parameters observed were total polyphenol, total titrated acid, total dissolved solid, pH and total mesophilic aerobic bacteria. The results showed that coffee peeltype, starter concentration variation and the interaction between two factors had significant effects on total titrated acid and total dissolved solid cascara kombucha. Cascara kombucha with robusta coffee peel and starter concentration at 10% was chosen as the best treatment with total phenol 93.18 μg/ mL, TTA 0.82%, TDS 3.80°Brix, pH 4.21, and TMAB 7,7 log CFU/mL.
Key words: Coffee peel; Fermentation; Functional drink; Starter