Coffee Science (E-Journal)
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Denomination of origin ‘Café del Huila’ and dynamics of coffee growing in Colombia
Get PDFThe state of Huila in Colombia has a Geographical Indication –IG through the denomination of origin - DO ‘Café del Huila’. Although these protection strategies have been promoted, no concrete studies have been reported on aspects of their implementation in the coffee agribusiness. The main goal of this research was to study the coffee with the denomination of origin ‘Café del Huila’ from 2010 to the present, through economic and performance indicators, seeking to identify the main impacts in this sector of agriculture. The research was carried out in two stages: In stage I - an analysis of the area indicators and coffee production in Colombia and an analysis of the performance of coffee growing in the state of Huila related to; municipalities, producers, farms and area. In stage II - the characterization of the denomination of origin was carried out in accordance with the methodology proposed by FAO (2018) and analysis of its implementation. The coffee agribusiness in Colombia showed variable dynamics in the different regions of the country, with a tendency to decrease the planted area and variability of production. The state of Huila showed significant growth both in the area planted and in production, which place it as one of the main coffee producers in the country. However, this sector presents few indicators of impact on the implementation of the geographical indication through the appellation of origin.
Key words: Intellectual property; Agribusiness; Distinctive characteristic; Coffee quality
Determination of physical and chemical quality of coffee beans under improved potassium fertilization managements
Get PDFThe quality of coffee is the determining attribute for establishing its price and commercialization. As the classification of coffee quality is a complex process, mainly based on a subjective judgment, difficult to define and measure, a complementary approach to the current procedures involving physical and chemical methods would bring more effectiveness to the process of quality determination. The chemical composition of the coffee bean is influenced by several factors, among them the nutritional management of coffee trees and, more recently, the use of potassium chloride (KCl), which has intensified losses in bean quality due to excessive chlorine in its composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of sources and forms of K application in the quality of beans, and assessment of methodologies for determination of physical and chemical qualities of beans. The experiment was conducted in Yellow Catuaí, from 2017 to 2019, in a randomized experimental block design with five replicates. Six treatments were applied to the soil, containing proportions of KCl/K2SO4, as follows: T1-100% KCl; T2-75%/25%; T3-50%/50%; T4-25%/75%; T5-100% of K2SO4 and T6-100% of KCl + two foliar K2SO4 applications. The variables addressed in the study were sensory analysis, screen of beans, electrical conductivity (EC), potassium leaching (KL), titratable total acidity (TTA), and coffee bean color. It was verified that KL, EC, and other chromatic parameters were efficient in detecting alterations on coffee bean surfaces caused by the use of KC1. Total or partial replacement of KC1 by K2SO applied to soil improved chemical characteristics and color of coffee beans. Supplemental fertilization with K2SO4 was efficient to minimize deleterious effects of KCl on quality of coffee beans, especially in high productive harvests.
Key words: Classification, Coffea arabica L., foliar fertilization
Low concentration fertigation solution allows greater macronutrient use efficiency in coffee seedlings
Get PDFCoffee seedling production in tubes and substrate results in lower sanitary risk and costs. With the use of small containers and nutrient-poor substrates, fertilization, including fertigation, is necessary for seedling development. An experiment was conducted with three macronutrient concentrations (electrical conductivities of 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 dS m-1) and a control (non-fertilized), using Coffea arabica cv. Topázio seedlings in 50 cm3 tubes and composted pine bark-based substrate. The following (in g m-3 of water) were used in the nutrient solution with EC of 1.0 dS m-1: Ca(NO3)2 (400), KNO3 (250), MgSO4 (175), (NH4)PO4 (50) and ConMicros Standard® (25). In the solutions with 2.0 and 3.0 dS m-1, macronutrient concentration was doubled and tripled, while micronutrients remained the same. At four months we assessed EC and pH of the solution drained, shoot dry mass, shoot nutrient concentration and accumulation and macronutrient efficiency use. Fertigation with 1.0 and 2.0 dS m-1 produced seedlings with greater mass (+10%) than fertigation with 3.0 dS m-1, higher macronutrient supply increased shoot N, P, K, Mg and S concentration. Fertigation of 2.0 dS m-1 caused greater shoot N, P, K and Ca accumulation and this conductivity also resulted in higher accumulation of B, Fe, Mn and Zn without increasing the micronutrient supply. The response to the increase in Ca in the nutrient solution is evident in the accumulation of this nutrient in the plant but not its concentration, possibly due to the dilution effect. Micronutrient accumulation in this species is also more adequate for determining nutritional status than the concentration in the plant. The least concentrated macronutrient solution increases nutrient use efficiency in C. arabica seedlings as well as being economically and environmentally more sustainable.
Key words: Coffea arabica; Electrical conductivity; pH; Nutrition; Substrate
Factors related to coffee quality, based on the “Cup of Excellence” contest in Mexico
Get PDFCoffee farming in Mexico is an activity of great economic, social, cultural, and environmental importance. One of the strategies for obtaining better prices is so-called "specialty coffees", whose quality is evaluated through the "cup of excellence" contest. The aim of this work was to identify if there are factors related to the quality of coffee, based on the data provided by this contest. Information was obtained for the period 2012 to 2019 (since the event was suspended in 2020), but given the heterogeneity in the data, exclusion, and inclusion criteria were applied, examining only the years 2017 to 2019. Descriptive analyses show that, in Mexico, the coffee producing states of Veracruz and Chiapas predominate the highest scores, possibly because they are regions with the highest presence of biodiversity, which favors the quality of the coffee. A simple linear regression model also noted that quantitative variables (altitude, temperature, and precipitation) do not affect cup quality. Finally, a square chi analysis showed that the factors that affect the score are the process and mixing of varieties, which establish differences in the sensory characteristics of coffee, observing dependence between the two. It is concluded that the latter influence the score, where the washing process is best suited for coffees with an extraordinary quality profile, as well as the use of one or three varieties (particularly Arabica type) and that environmental and site components do not have a decisive effect on coffee cup quality.
Keywords: Coffea arabica; coffee quality; score “cup of excellence” contest
Coffee seedling growthafter legume cultivation in soils with contrasting phosphorus contents
Get PDFCoffee seedling growth depends on soil phosphorus (P) availability and may be influenced by from pre-cultivation with legumes. Efficient and sustainable ways to increase the bioavailability of P through the recovery of P adsorbed by the soil matrix should be sought. This study proposed to evaluate the growth and P-use efficiency of coffee seedlings cultivated in soils with different P availability after cultivation with legumes. The experiment was carried out in a fully randomized design. Treatments were arranged in a factorial scheme [(2 x 4) + 1]: two soil types, pre-cultivation with four legume species, and one control (withoutpre-cultivation). The studied soils comprised a Typical Acriferic Red Oxisol (LVwf) with low-P availability and a Typical Chernossolic Litholytic Entisol (RLm) with high-P availability. The legume species Crotalaria juncea, Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, and Mucuna aterrima were previously cultivated for 45 days. Afterwards, coffee seedlings were transplanted to the pots, which were then grown for 120 days until evaluations. We assessed the following parameters: plant height (H), stem diameter (SD), shoot dry matter (SDM), root dry matter (RDM), total dry matter (TDM), and shoot contents of macronutrients. Our results showed that coffee seedlings grew more when cultivated in the high-P availability soil, with increments of 13.05% in H, 4.86% in SD, 46.98% in SDM, 17.61% in RDM, and 41.80% in TDM.We also observed an increase of 28.09% in shoot P contents for coffee seedlings grown in RLm. Moreover, pre-cultivationwith C. juncea provided the largest increases in coffee seedling growth compared to the control. When grown after C. ensiformis cultivation, coffee seedlings had the highest shoot contents of P, Ca, Mg, and S, which, compared to control, increased by 45%, 39%, 18%, and 17%, respectively.
Keywords: Canavalia ensiformis; Crotalaria juncea; Coffea arabica; phosphate fertilization; nutritional efficiency
Water retainer polymer in coffee plants deployment under different levels of irrigation
Get PDFThe use of water-retaining polymers may be a feasible alternative in regions with low water availability, as they has enhance the performance of coffee plants with more favorable anatomical characteristics to make physiological processes more efficient. However, the advantages of such use have been scarcely reported. Here, we studied the feasibility of using a water-retaining polymer to optimize irrigation water use during the establishment of a coffee plantation. A randomized block design was used in a factorial scheme (4 × 2) with three replications for a total of 24 experimental plots, each consisting of four pots, with one plant per unit. The experiment was installed in a greenhouse at the Coffee Science Department of the Universidade Federal de Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, with four levels of irrigation (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of soil water at field capacity), with or without addition of the water-retaining polymer. Growth variables evaluated included: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, shoot and root dry weights, root volume and area. Additionally, gas exchange, leaf water potential, and leaf anatomy were analyzed. The use of water-retaining polymer during establishment of the coffee plantation ensured sufficient water supply, thus guaranteeing plant anatomical and physiological functionality and, consequently, a healthy, vigorous growth.
Key words: Coffea arabica L.; Seedling establishment; Soil conditioner; Soil water availability; Water deficit
Manganese and fluorine suppress bacterial blight on coffee seedlings grown in a nutrient solution
Get PDFThe use of manganese (Mn) and fluorine (F) in the management of bacterial blight were evaluated in coffee seedlings grown in a nutrient solution. The experiment was carried out with the cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99. The treatments consisted of the combination of five doses of Mn with five of F, applied via leaf, using Mn sulfate and sodium fluoride, in a 5x5 factorial scheme. The plants were inoculated with bacterial suspension seven days after foliar application of F and Mn doses. The incidence and severity assessments were performed at an interval of 24 hours for 10 days. Photosynthetic activity was assessed using the infrared gas analyzer. Stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, transpiration, PAR radiation and internal CO2 were analyzed. The chlorophyll content was calculated indirectly. The leaf analysis was performed by digestion in HNO3 to determine the levels of Mn. Variablessuch as Area Under Incidence Disease Progress (AUIDP), Area Under Severity Disease Progress (AUSDP), chlorophyll a, b, and total concentrations and photosynthesis were submitted to the Shapiro-Wilk test. The treatment means were subjected to linear regression analysis. Data were analyzed using software R. There was a significant interaction (P <0.05) between the concentrations of Mn and F for the AUIDP and (AUSDP). Doses between 0.7 and 1.4 g L-1 of Mn combined with doses of 0.10 to 0.12 g L-1 of F were more effective in suppressing the bacterial blight, after analysis for both variables. The increase in Mn concentrations in leaves reduced liquid photosynthesis. The interaction between Mn and F suppressed the bacterial blight intensity of the coffee plants in nutrient solution.
Key words: Coffea arabica L.; Mineral nutrition; Epidemiology; Superphosphate simple; Micronutrients
Best time and doses to associate chemical and biological control of the coffee berry borer in highland region, Brazil
Get PDFThe coffee berry borer (CBB) Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) causes significant damage to the yield and quality of coffee beans. Cultural measures are important however, chemical and biological control must be adopted within an integrated CBB management system in order to prevent its damage mainly in larger areas. This study aimed to evaluate different doses and times of spray of the chemical insecticide metaflumizone and its association to the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana as a tool to the management of CBB in Arabica coffee. The study was carried out in a high dense crop of Arabica coffee cultivar Catuaí Vermelho at 700 m altitude in the highlands of Espírito Santo state, Brazil. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with eleven treatments, four replications, and plots of ten plants. Seven evaluations were carried out by sampling the berries in the upper, middle, and two sides of the coffee trees. Metaflumizone at a total dose of 3.5 L ha-1 showed high performance for the control of CBB under field conditions in regions of high altitude. The association of metaflumizone with B. bassiana reduced a mean of 88.5% the infestation level of CBB in the post-harvested coffee beans and it can be used as one of the tools for the Integrated Management of CBB under field conditions. Beauveria bassiana can be associated with metaflumizone to control CBB as a complementary spray in March and at a dose of 2.0 kg ha-1 and should be also used in the Integrated Management of CBB. The monitoring of CBB population must be carried out and the first spraying with chemical or biological insecticide must be started at the recommended control level and in the transit season of CBB when flying adults are exposed.
Key words: Beauveria bassiana; Field conditions; Insect pest management; Metaflumizone; Monitoring
Development of suitable formula for ready-to-drink healthy mixture of chicory and coffee
Get PDFChicory root coffee currently gains popularity as a coffee substitute because of its health benefits. The purpose of this research is to develop ready-todrink healthy mixture of chicory and coffee (RDHCC) products. Fifteen trained panelists were invited to evaluate the aroma intensity 6 ratios of chicory and coffee mixture by sensory rating scales on a straight line at the distance of 150 mm. The ratio of 2:3 of chicory and coffee had the highest rating. The ratio was further used for development of RDHCC recipes consisting of chicory-coffee mixture, coffee creamer and sugar. Nine recipes were evaluated by 9-point hedonic scale with twenty trained panelists, and the best recipe was obtained from the ingredients of 15% chicory-coffee mixture, 32.5% coffee creamer and 52.5% sugar. Other ingredients were investigated to replace coffee creamer, and soybean milk powder had the highest overall liking score (7.45±0.94) and it was not significant different from 8.15±1.09 of coffee creamer. Other sweeteners were included in the recipe to replace sugar, and stevia extract had the highest overall liking score (7.30±1.00), which was not different from 7.45±0.94 of sugar. Herbs were finally incorporated into the RDHCC recipe, and cordyceps (Cordyceps militaris) had the highest overall liking score (7.15 ± 1.04), which was not different from that of the original recipe without herb. The RDHCC products developed by the project are promising for commercialization to serve the demand for coffee with low calorie, low caffeine intake and health benefits.
Key words: Health benefits; Inulin; Jerusalem artichoke; Soy milk; Stevia
Biology and fertility of Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari, 1867) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) at 16 °C under laboratory conditions
Get PDFThe coffee berry borer (CBB) Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari, 1867) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is one of the main insect pests of coffee crops worldwide. The present research determined the biological parameters of CBB at 16 °C under laboratory conditions. Development time (egg to adult) was 119.3±1.02 days, with 41% survival, and 20.37 eggs.female-1 for a period of 120 days. The biological aptitude of CBB is negatively affected to 16 °C, when compared with temperatures between 18–28 °C.
Key words: Coffee berry borer; life cycle; thermal conditions