12014 research outputs found
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Impact of anticholinergic drugs withdrawal on motor function in patients with Parkinson's disease
No full textObjectives: Physicians have prescribed anticholinergic agents as monotherapy or adjuvant therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease for decades. However, these medications can cause many adverse effects including gait freezing and falling. Herein we assessed the effects of anticholinergic medications on motor function, freezing of gait and falling in a group of patients with PD. Patients and Methods: This prospective study evaluated the effect of gradual discontinuation of anticholinergics on motor function in 131 outpatients with Parkinson's disease. We assessed patients� motor function at baseline six and twelve months later using the UPDRS-III. We also evaluated freezing of gait and falling in patients using UPDRS-II part 14 and 13 respectively. The anticholinergics were tapered and gradually discontinued and additional levodopa doses were added as patients needed. Results: 131patients successfully discontinued their anticholinergic medications. Stopping anticholinergics significantly improved the motor symptoms in PD patients as reflected in the change between the mean (±SD) UPDRS-III score of 36.85(±11.5) at the baseline to 32.51(±11.4) and 31.43 (±11.3) after six and twelve months (P < 0.001). The mean (±SD) scores of freezing of gait (FOG)significantly changed from 1.34(±1) to 1.17(±1) and 0.6(±0.7) and for falling down from 0.62(±0.8) to 0.5 (±0.8) and 0.29(±0.5) respectively (p-value of <0.001). Conclusion: Our finding demonstrated an improvement in motor function and FOG and falling incidences in PD patients, after discontinuation of anticholinergic drugs. As motor complications adversely affect the quality of life in PD patients, clinicians must be careful with the unnecessary use of anticholinergic drugs in their treatment strategies. © 202
A review on EBV encoded and EBV-induced host microRNAs expression profile in different lymphoma types
No full textPrevious literature supports the variations in microRNAs expression levels among lymphoma patients due to EBV infection. These alterations can be observed in both EBV-encoded-microRNAs and EBV-induced cellular microRNAs. Moreover, changes in the microRNA profile could be significant in disease progression. This study aimed to assess published literature to obtain a microRNA profile for both EBV-encoded microRNAs and EBV-induced cellular microRNAs among lymphoma patients. We searched common available electronic databases by using relevant keywords. The result demonstrated that EBV infection could alter the microRNA expression levels among lymphoma patients. In Burkitt lymphoma, hsa-miR197 and miR510 were most frequently assessed human micro RNAs. Also, miR-BART6-3P and miR-BART17-5P were the most frequent viral micro RNAs in Burkitt lymphoma. Other human important micro RNAs were hsa-miR155 (in Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL)), hsa-miR145 (in Nasal natural killer T cell lymphoma (NNKTCL)), miR-96, miR-128a, miR-128b, miR-129, and miR-205 (in Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL)), miR-21, miR-142-3P, miR-126, miR-451 and miR-494-3P (in Nasal natural killer cell lymphoma (NNKCL)). Also, viral assessed micro RNAs were miR-BART1-5P (in DLBCL and NNKTCL), miR-BART-5 (in CHL), and EBV-miR-BART20-5P (in NNKCL). In conclusion, it could be suggested that EBV-encoded-microRNAs and EBV-induced cellular-microRNAs can be utilized as helpful factors for different types of lymphoma diagnoses or prognostic factors. Moreover, the mentioned microRNAs can also be promising therapeutic targets and can be used to modulate the oncogenes. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. part of Springer Nature
Estimation of genetic variation in the Secretor and Lewis genes in Iranian hospitalized children
No full textBackground: The Secretor (FUT2) and lewis gene (FUT3) are in charge of the construction of histo-blood group antigens, which act as a receptor for some Pathogenes. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of five significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Iranian children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 102 blood samples collected from hospitalized children. The FUT2 gene region was amplified and sequenced to explore rs1047781 and rs601338, and the FUT3 gene region was amplified to explore rs28362459, rs812936, rs778986 SNPs. Results: In FUT2 gene, Se358,428 that produces Se phenotype with 63 (0.53 - 0.72) prevalence, was the most common genotype. For FUT3 gene Le59,202,314 with 80 prevalence was most common genotype (0.71 - 0.87). Conclusion: This study genotyped Secretor and Lewis genes and designated SNPs� distinct distribution in Iran, and clarified at-risk groups for certain diseases. © 2020 Société française de transfusion sanguine (SFTS
Treatment of post-traumatic direct carotid�cavernous fistulas using flow diverting stents: Is it alone satisfactory?
No full textBackground: Direct carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) occurs between the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the cavernous sinus. Carotid cavernous fistulas (CCFs) frequently present with chemosis, pulsatile proptosis, ocular bruit, vision loss, and occasionally intracerebral hemorrhage or seizure. In this article, we share our experience in endovascular treatment of six patients having this pathology with intracranial flow diverting stents with review of literatures. Case description: All six patients had posttraumatic direct CCF, most of their signs and symptoms were visual disturbance, chemosis, orbital bruit, headache, paralysis of extraocular muscles. They were treated with flow diversion stents with or without coils or liquid embolizing material; transvenous and transarterial routes were used. Most of them underwent multiple sessions, and their conditions were improved dramatically. Conclusion: The best and most effective method is to start the procedure by coiling to convert the high-flow fistula to an aneurysmal pouch with the smallest possible size in the cavernous sinus, and then close the defect site with one or two flow diversion devices (FDDs). © 2021 Elsevier Lt
Adjunctive treatment of myxopapillary ependymoma
Get PDFMyxopapillary ependymoma are rare tumors and optimal therapeutic strategy is remained controversial. The main treatments for myxopapillary ependymoma tumors include surgery and radiotherapy. Hence, the present study aimed to review adjuvant treatment of myxopapillary ependymoma, focusing on spinal myxopapillary ependymoma. The information sources of all articles were the English authoritative databases including PubMed, Web of science, Scopus, Science direct and Google scholar. In this review study, the keywords including adjuvant, treatment, myxopapillary and ependymoma were selected from MeSH medical library. Related articles were published from 2000 to 2020. Given radiation tolerance in the spinal cord is 10-15 lower than that of the brain, it also should be noted that with increased dose and scope of therapeutic field, the corresponding risks are increased, as well. Also, chemotherapy has never been used as the primary treatment approach. Radiotherapy s value is considered while involving with sensitive areas where chemotherapy is also recommended. Gross total resection is the preferred primary treatment. © 2021 Page Press Publications. All rights reserved
The association between subclinical hypothyroidism and diabetic retinopathy in the patient with type 2 diabetic
Get PDFThe present study aimed to determine the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this cross-sectional analytical study, 150 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were assessed. The eye fundus examination was performed using fundoscopy to confirm or rule out retinopathy. Thyroid hormones were also measured by special kits to diagnose subclinical hypothyroidism. The criteria for diagnosis of this disorder include the high serum thyrotropin concentration (� 4mIU/L) plus normal serum free thyroxin levels. Statistical analyses were done using IBM-SPSS. In the study, 34.66 suffered retinopathy. A total of 24.0 suffered subclinical hypothyroidism with higher prevalence rate in those with retinopathy as compared with the group without retinopathy (p = 0.001). Those with diabetic retinopathy also experienced longer duration of diabetes than those without this event. (p = 0.006). Analysis show a significant role for type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.121, P = 0.003), and high TSH level (OR = 1.342, P = 0.006) to predict diabetic retinopathy.This study showed an association between hypothyroidism, diabetes and increased TSH with retinopathy. Retinopathy is significantly predicable with the presence of subclinical hypothyroidism and longer duration of diabetes. © 2021, Institute of Medico-Legal Publications. All rights reserved
Design and synthesis of novel pyrazole-phenyl semicarbazone derivatives as potential α-glucosidase inhibitor: Kinetics and molecular dynamics simulation study
No full textA series of novel pyrazole-phenyl semicarbazone derivatives were designed, synthesized, and screened for in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Given the importance of hydrogen bonding in promoting the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, pharmacophore modification was established. The docking results rationalized the idea of the design. All newly synthesized compounds exhibited excellent in vitro yeast α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 values in the range of 65.1�695.0 μM) even much more potent than standard drug acarbose (IC50 = 750.0 μM). Among them, compounds 8o displayed the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 65.1 ± 0.3 μM). Kinetic study of compound 8o revealed that it inhibited α-glucosidase in a competitive mode (Ki = 87.0 μM). Limited SAR suggested that electronic properties of substitutions have little effect on inhibitory potential of compounds. Cytotoxic studies demonstrated that the active compounds (8o, 8k, 8p, 8l, 8i, and 8a) compounds are also non-cytotoxic. The binding modes of the most potent compounds 8o, 8k, 8p, 8l and 8i was studied through in silico docking studies. Molecular dynamic simulations have been performed in order to explain the dynamic behavior and structural changes of the systems by the calculation of the root mean square deviation (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuation (RMSF). © 202
Sense of coherence and coping strategies: How they influence quality of life in Iranian women with breast cancer
Get PDFAim: To investigate the mediation/moderation effect between Coping Behaviors (CBs) and Sense of Coherence (SOC) in the prediction of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in breast cancer patients. Design: Cross-sectional. Methods: A total of 221 patients were included in this study. The 13-item Orientation to Life Questionnaire, Brief COPE and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy�Breast were investigated. Pearson's correlation coefficient and mediation/moderation analysis were performed. Results: Significant correlations were observed for SOC, active coping, acceptance, positive reframing (PR), planning, use of emotional support (UES), use of instrumental support, behaviour disengagement and self-blame with HRQoL. Except for planning and acceptance, SOC partially mediated the CBs' effect on HRQoL. The UES and PR's effects on HRQoL were significant at lower SOC levels and diminished at higher SOC levels. Conclusion: Practitioners can incorporate SOC and adaptive CBs, including PR and UES, into the rehabilitation programmes to improve HRQoL in patients. © 2021 The Authors. Nursing Open published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
International Council for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH) laboratory guidance for the evaluation of haemostasis analyser-reagent test systems. Part 1: Instrument-specific issues and commonly used coagulation screening tests
Get PDFBefore a new method is used for clinical testing, it is essential that it is evaluated for suitability for its intended purpose. This document gives guidance for the performance of verification, validation and implementation processes required by regulatory and accreditation bodies. It covers the planning and execution of an evaluation of the commonly performed screening tests (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time and fibrinogen assay), and instrument-specific issues. Advice on selecting an appropriate haemostasis analyser, planning the evaluation, and assessing the reference, interval, precision, accuracy, and comparability of a haemostasis test system are also given. A second companion document will cover specialist haemostasis testing. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Lt
