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Two Novel Current-Mode CNFET-Based Full Adders Using ULPD as Voltage Regulator
No full textThis paper presents two novel current-mode Full Adders based on Carbon Nanotube FET (CNFET). They comprise of three main parts: current-To-voltage converter, threshold detector and voltage-To-current converter. While other designs in the literature use either inverter or current source for detecting threshold, the new designs are based on a heuristic usage of an Ultra Low-Power Diode (ULPD) as voltage regulator. The use of diode does not lengthen the critical path and thereby ensuring high-speed operation. It does not increase power consumption significantly either. Simulation results by HSPICE and 32nm CNFET technology file demonstrate at least 19 higher performance in terms of energy consumption for the second proposed Full Adder compared to other traditional and state-of-The-Art current-mode and mixed-mode designs. © 2021 World Scientific Publishing Company
Association between Helicobacter pylori Colonization and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textBackground: Various observational studies have examined a potential relationship between Helicobacter pylori colonization and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs); however, results are inconclusive. This systematic review evaluates articles reporting an association between human H. pylori colonization and IBD. Methods: A systematic search of studies was conducted to evaluate a possible relationship between H. pylori colonization and IBD. Seven databases and different types of gray literature were searched. After screening for relevant articles, selection and data extraction were done. After that, the data were analyzed, and pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated, using meta-analysis. Heterogeneity, sensitivity, and subgroups analyses were conducted. Funnel plots followed by Begg and Egger tests were done to assess the publication bias. Results: Among 58 studies, including 13,549 patients with IBD and 506,554 controls, the prevalence of H. pylori colonization was 22.74 and 36.30, respectively. A significant negative association was observed between H. pylori colonization and IBD (pooled OR: 0.45, 95 confidence interval 0.39-0.53, P�0.001). The random-effect model showed significant statistical heterogeneity in the included studies (I 2=79). No publication bias was observed. Among subgroups, ORs were notably different when the data were stratified by the age difference between patient and control group, and by study regions and/or continent. Finally, the meta-regression analysis showed significant results, in terms of the age difference and region variables. Conclusions: In this meta-analysis, all statistical data support the theory that H. pylori has a protective role in IBD. However, more primary studies using proper methodology are needed to confirm this association. © 2021 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved
A diagnostic prediction model for chronic kidney disease in internet of things platform
No full textChronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is being typically observed as a health threatening issue, especially in developing countries, where receiving proper treatments are very expensive. Therefore, early prediction of CKD that protects the kidney and breaks the gradual progress of CKD has become an important issue for physicians and scientists. Internet of Things (IoT) as a useful paradigm in which, low cost body sensor and smart multimedia medical devices are applied to provide remote monitoring of kidney function, plays an important role, especially where the medical care centers are hardly available for most of people. To gain this objective, in this paper, a diagnostic prediction model for CKD and its severity is proposed that applies IoT multimedia data. Since the influencing features on CKD are enormous and also the volume of the IoT multimedia data is usually very huge, selecting different features based on physicians� clinical observations and experiences and also previous studies for CKD in different groups of multimedia datasets is carried out to assess the performance measures of CKD prediction and its level determination via different classification techniques. The experimental results reveal that the applied dataset with the proposed selected features produces 97 accuracy, 99 sensitivity and 95 specificity via applying decision tree (J48) classifier in comparison to Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multi-Layer Perception (MLP) and Naïve Bayes classifiers. Also, the proposed feature set can improve the execution time in comparison to other datasets with different features. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
Evidence gap and knowledge map of physical activity research in diabetes in Iran: A scoping review
Get PDFContext: The important role of physical activity in the prevention and management of diabetes necessitates a review of current research to shed light on gaps in national diabetes guidelines. Evidence Acquisition: This scoping review was part of the Iran Diabetes Research Roadmap (IDRR) study. A systematic search was used based on the Arksey and O�Malley method consisting of six steps. The descriptive analysis was done with SPSS software. Additionally, VOS veiwer software was used to draw the knowledge map of the included studies. Results: There were 169 articles included from the beginning of 2015 to the end of 2019 in Iran. Aerobic and resistance exercises were types of physical activity with more number of articles. Most of the included clinical studies were randomized clinical trials and had a level of evidence two. Also, there was more interest in outcomes such as glycemic control and insulin sensitivity, metabolic syndrome, metabolism, and cardiovascular health. The network of co-authorship was drawn, and "controlled study", "male", and "rat" were the most frequent keywords. Conclusions: The number of Iranian diabetes researchers on physical activity is increasing, and the majority of clinical studies had a high level of evidence. With maintaining previous interests and investigations, there should be more emphasis on research in elderly and children age groups as evidence gap in Iran. Also, longitudinal cohort studies should be highlighted and Iranian researchers should be encouraged to participate in new topics of research worldwide. Copyright © 2021, International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
Effect of Intermediate-Dose vs Standard-Dose Prophylactic Anticoagulation on Thrombotic Events, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Treatment, or Mortality among Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: The INSPIRATION Randomized Clinical Trial
Get PDFImportance: Thrombotic events are commonly reported in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Limited data exist to guide the intensity of antithrombotic prophylaxis. Objective: To evaluate the effects of intermediate-dose vs standard-dose prophylactic anticoagulation among patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Design, Setting, and Participants: Multicenter randomized trial with a 2 � 2 factorial design performed in 10 academic centers in Iran comparing intermediate-dose vs standard-dose prophylactic anticoagulation (first hypothesis) and statin therapy vs matching placebo (second hypothesis; not reported in this article) among adult patients admitted to the ICU with COVID-19. Patients were recruited between July 29, 2020, and November 19, 2020. The final follow-up date for the 30-day primary outcome was December 19, 2020. Interventions: Intermediate-dose (enoxaparin, 1 mg/kg daily) (n = 276) vs standard prophylactic anticoagulation (enoxaparin, 40 mg daily) (n = 286), with modification according to body weight and creatinine clearance. The assigned treatments were planned to be continued until completion of 30-day follow-up. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of venous or arterial thrombosis, treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or mortality within 30 days, assessed in randomized patients who met the eligibility criteria and received at least 1 dose of the assigned treatment. Prespecified safety outcomes included major bleeding according to the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (type 3 or 5 definition), powered for noninferiority (a noninferiority margin of 1.8 based on odds ratio), and severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count <20 �103/µL). All outcomes were blindly adjudicated. Results: Among 600 randomized patients, 562 (93.7) were included in the primary analysis (median interquartile range age, 62 50-71 years; 237 42.2% women). The primary efficacy outcome occurred in 126 patients (45.7%) in the intermediate-dose group and 126 patients (44.1%) in the standard-dose prophylaxis group (absolute risk difference, 1.5% 95% CI,-6.6% to 9.8%; odds ratio, 1.06 95% CI, 0.76-1.48; P =.70). Major bleeding occurred in 7 patients (2.5%) in the intermediate-dose group and 4 patients (1.4%) in the standard-dose prophylaxis group (risk difference, 1.1% 1-sided 97.5% CI,-� to 3.4%; odds ratio, 1.83 1-sided 97.5% CI, 0.00-5.93), not meeting the noninferiority criteria (P for noninferiority >.99). Severe thrombocytopenia occurred only in patients assigned to the intermediate-dose group (6 vs 0 patients; risk difference, 2.2% 95% CI, 0.4%-3.8%; P =.01). Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients admitted to the ICU with COVID-19, intermediate-dose prophylactic anticoagulation, compared with standard-dose prophylactic anticoagulation, did not result in a significant difference in the primary outcome of a composite of adjudicated venous or arterial thrombosis, treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or mortality within 30 days. These results do not support the routine empirical use of intermediate-dose prophylactic anticoagulation in unselected patients admitted to the ICU with COVID-19. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04486508. © 2021 American Medical Association. All rights reserved
Delayed diffuse inflammatory myocardial damage in a child with a history of systemic inflammatory syndrome related to COVID-19
Get PDFThe effects of quercetin on the gene expression of arginine metabolism key enzymes in human embryonic kidney 293 cells
Get PDFBackground: Arginine metabolism is an important factor involved in tumorigenesis, progression, and survival of tumor cells. Besides, other metabolites produced in the arginine metabolism process, such as polyamines, nitric oxide, argininosuccinate, and agmatine, play key roles in different stages of tumor development. On the other hand, herbal metabolites are widely used to treat cancer. One of these herbal flavonoids is quercetin. Methods: In this study, according to MTT assay data, two concentrations of quercetin flavonoid were selected (57.5 and 115 μM) to treat human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. Then RNA was extracted from the cells and used as a template for cDNA synthesis. Using real-time PCR, the expression of key enzymes involved in arginine metabolism was evaluated, including arginase 2 (Arg2), ornithine carbamoyl transferase (OTC), agmatinase (AGMAT), arginase 1 (Arg1), nitric oxide synthase 1 (nNOS), arginine decarboxylase (ADC), ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC), ornithine carbamoyl transferase (OCT), spermidine synthase (SRM), spermine synthase (SMS), argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1), and argininosuccinate lyase (ASL). The Student t-test was used to analyze the data considering a P value of < 0.05 as the significance level. Results: Our results indicated significant changes in the expression of arginine metabolism enzymes after quercetin exposure, confirming a role for quercetin plant flavonoid in regulating arginine metabolism in HEK293 cells. Conclusions: Quercetin could alter the gene expression of the key enzymes involved in arginine metabolism. This was the first study investigating the effects of quercetin on arginine metabolism in HEK293 cells. © 2021 The Authors
The effectiveness of the pilot implementation of iran's comprehensive mental and social health services (the SERAJ Program): A controlled community trial
Get PDFObjective: A national program on providing comprehensive social and mental health services, entitled "SERAJ"was developed and piloted in three districts of Iran. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of SERAJ by conducting assessments before and after the implementation in the intervention and the control areas. Method: This was a controlled community trial that was assessed by conducting repeated surveys in the intervention and the control areas. In total, 2952 and 2874 individuals were assessed in the intervention and the control areas, respectively. The change in prevalence of mental disorders (using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview; CIDI), service utilization, mental health literacy, happiness, and perceived social support were measured over 18 months in three districts of Osko, Bardsir, and Quchan as the intervention areas, which were compared with three matched districts as the control areas. Results: No significant difference was found in the mean score of happiness between the intervention and the control areas throughout the study period. Most aspects of mental health literacy were improved in the intervention areas after implementing the intervention. The mean score of social support decreased after implementing the intervention in all areas. The prevalence of mental disorders in the intervention districts was significantly reduced after 18 months. The rate of using any mental health services after the intervention was not statistically different between the intervention and the control areas. Conclusion: There was no significant change in some indicators in the intervention compared with the control areas. We suggest evaluating SERAJ's achievements and challenges in the three intervention districts before expanding the implementation of this pilot experience into other districts. Copyright © 2021 Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Synthesis and bio-evaluation of new multifunctional methylindolinone-1,2,3-triazole hybrids as anti-Alzheimer's agents
No full textIn view of the multifactorial nature of Alzheimer's disease, a new series of methylindolinone-1,2,3-triazole derivatives (7a-n) were efficiently prepared and evaluated for their in vitro cholinesterase inhibitory activity. Although most synthesized compounds showed weak acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, they depicted moderate to good activity against butyrylcholinesterase. The IC50 value for anti-BuChE activity of compound 7k was calculated as 4.78 μM which was more potent than the reference drug donepezil (5.19 μM). Based on the molecular docking evaluation, it was found that compound 7k could bind simultaneously to the peripheral and catalytic sites of BuChE. Also, the optimal compound 7k was further assessed as a BACE1 inhibitor and neuroprotective agent. © 202
