JERAMI - Indonesian Journal of Crop Science
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Population and Activities of Peatland Microorganisms on Oil Palm Plantation based on Soil Depth and Age of Plant
Full text linkPopulation and activity of soil microorganisms can be used as indicators in soil management. This research aims to examine the population and activity of peat soil microorganisms based on the depth and age of oil palm plantations.
This research is located in Katapiang, Batang Anai Subdistrict, Padang Pariaman District, which peat land is used for palm oil plantations and it getsa minimal plantation management. The research uses survey method in four stages: preparation, pre survey, main survey and sampling, laboratory analysis and data processing. Samples taken on peat land that planted with palm oil from ages 0-5 years, 5-10 years, 10-15 years, and samples from natural peatlands. Sampling at depths of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-60 cm. From the data analysis, the soil microorganisms population is decreasing with the increase of palm oil plantations age. The bacterial and fungal populations mostly are on the surface. Meanwhile, the highest activity of microorganisms is on 5-10 years palm oil land. Phosphate solvent bacteria mostly found in 5-10 yearspalm oil. Ground water level, water content and soil pH also affect the population and activity of soil microorganisms.
 
Local Rice Genetic Relationship Kuantan Singingi District Using Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP)
No full textRice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop that is the staple food of more than half of the world's population because it contains nutrients that the body needs. Information on the genetic diversity of local rice scattered in the Kuantan Singingi Regency is still not available. Due to this fact, the genetic diversity of local rice can be identified by DNA analysis. A DNA-based molecular marker that can be applied as a plant genetic marker is SRAP. The SRAP (Sequence Related Amplified Polymorphism) marker system is one of the powerful molecular tools for the clarification of individual sex and estimating the genetic diversity of plant species. This study aims to determine the genetic relationship of rice plants in the Kuantan Singingi Regency through SRAP markers. Twenty-four (24) local genotype samples were used in this study. Observational data were processed using Ms. software. Excel and (NTSYS-pc) version 2.02. The results obtained 17 fragments in Primer M, which resulted in a similarity analysis between 71% to 100%. There are two (2) groups at 75% similarity, then there are five (5) groups at 81% similarity and there are four (4) groups that have 100% similarity. The results of this study are expected to be taken into consideration in developing rice breeding strategies in the future
Effectivity of Arbuscular Mycorrhyza Fungi (AMF) and Nitrogen Fertilizer on The Growth and Yield of Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)
Full text linkOne of the main products of sunflower is the seed which is a producer of vegetable oil that is needed in the pharmaceutical industry and the health sector. The price of sunflower seed oil is currently very high for the market but sunflower production in Indonesia is quite low. This potential can be used as the basis for the development of sunflower cultivation in Indonesia. One of the efforts to increase the content of sunflower seed oil is to improve proper cultivation techniques and modifications in cultivation techniques. One of the cultural techniques in increasing production is to get the right dose of nitrogen (N) fertilization. The addition of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi (AMF) is expected to increase the absorption of N nutrients in the soil, thereby increasing the growth and yield of sunflowers. This study aimed 1) effectivity of AMF and nitrogen fertilizer application with various doses on growth and yield of sunflower, 2) to obtain the right dose of N fertilizer on growth and yield of sunflower The study used a Split-plot Design with 3 replications. The first factor as the main plot is AMF i.e. F0 = without AMF, F1 = with AMF 5 g hole-1. The second factor as a sub-plot is the dose of urea fertilizer with 4 levels i.e. N1 = 50 kg N Ha-1, N2 = 100 kg N Ha-1, N3 = 150 kg N Ha-1, N4 = 200 kg N Ha-1. Observations data were evaluated by analysis of variance if the obtained F count was greater than F table 5% followed by a further test of DNMRT at the 5% significant level. Result showed 1) the effectivity of AMF and nitrogen fertilization on sunflowers was able to increase the number of leaves, accelerate the initiation of flowering, increase the diameter of sunflowers, total seeds per plant, the weight of 100 seeds, and seed production per plant, 2) Economically, the application of nitrogen fertilizer with a dose of 150 kg N Ha-1 is more appropriate in increasing the growth and production of sunflowers
 
Modern Plant Breeding For Sustainable Agriculture: A Review
Full text linkMore foods are required to fulfill human need. The limitation of the farming area is leading to intensification system in crop cultivation, so the use of chemical properties and environmental destruction cannot be denied. However, this industrial practice in the crop system has caused many adverse effects on ecological balance and human health. Many severe impacts of industrial agriculture practices have been reported, including soil erosion, groundwater contamination, loss of productivity, depletion of fossil resources, air pollution, new threats to human health and safety. Many experts agreed that sustainable agriculture seems to be an effective way to solve these issues. Modern plant breeding is now a popular approach to provide superior crop cultivars that can minimize adverse effects of agriculture practices because humans can recognize and manipulated genes through this method. Recently, the application of molecular markers in plant breeding selection has been brought enthusiasm for plant breeders. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) has been evidenced to be a beneficial technique in plant breeding. Through this approach, the selection process of parents and progenies in the breeding process could be more efficient. Plant breeding is influential in crop production achievement because this effort is connected with the adaptability and stability of the varieties in many different environmental circumstances. Plant breeding also focuses on agriculture sustainability due to its effort to produces durable disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, nutrients, and water-use efficiency
Growth Response Of SRI Rice In Suboptimal Land To Application Of Cattle Manure And Kieserite
Full text linkPopulation growth rates cause an increase in food demand, but the planting area is decreasing due to land-use change. The land available to be utilized by farmers is mostly suboptimal land. The disadvantages of suboptimal land are low pH values (4.7) and a small number of nutrients (Nitrogen = 0.11%, Phosphorus = 0.45 ppm, very low Carbon, very high Aluminum, and medium Cation exchange capacity) and for increasing the value of suboptimal land can be given organic fertilizer such as cattle manure and kieserite. This study aims to determine the effect of cattle manure and kieserite on rice growth with the SRI planting system in suboptimal land. The study was carried out in farmers' paddy fields at Ambacang Market, Kuranji District, Padang from June to October 2019. This experiment uses a completely randomized design (CRD). Data were analyzed by the F test at a 5% significance level. If it is significantly different, it is continued with the Honestly Significant Difference test (HSD) at the 5% significance level. The results showed that the application of cattle manure and kieserite can increase the height of rice plants and the number of tillers
The Empowerment Potentials Of Coffee Farmers By Agroindustry Practitioners Of Coffee Perfume In Kerinci Regency
No full textEmpowerment activities to improve the ability of coffee farmers in Kerinci Regency are very important to be implemented. The purposes of this study are to describe the empowerment activities undertaken by coffee perfume agroindustry practitioners towards coffee farmers in Kerinci Regency and to explain the empowerment potentials of coffee farmers performed by coffee perfume agroindustry practitioners in Kerinci Regency. This research was designed qualitatively with descriptive methods. Data was collected using a focus group discussion (FGD) method with the informants selected in this study as many as 16 coffee farmers and Kerinci Coffee Perfume entrepreneurs themselves. Data analysis was performed using the Miles and Huberman method. The results showed that the empowerment activities carried out by coffee perfume agroindustry practitioners for coffee farmers in Kerinci Regency were still not available, because kerinci coffee perfume agroindustry practitioners only provided training to coffee farmers working in coffee farms owned by the agroindustry entrepreneurs. Meanwhile, the potential for empowerment of coffee farmers by coffee perfume agro-industry prractitioners in Kerinci Regency is very high, because the characteristics of coffee farmers that have a sense to develop and easily receive information to improve their abilities and skills in producing high quality coffee beans. Based on this, henceforth, this research can be directed at the strategy of empowering coffee farmers in Kerinci Regency by kerinci coffee perfume agro-industry practitioners and the impact of empowerment that has been done
The Direct Organogenesis In Local Clones Of Patchouli Plant( Pogostemon cablin Benth)InVitro
No full textBackground and Objective: The purpose of this research is to get to be able to identify local patchouli plants that are able to produce the best plantlets in many concentrations of BAP. Materials and Methods: The research conducted in Laboratory of Tissue Culture Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University from May until November 2019. The research material used in this study was the accession of patchouli plants in West Sumatra, namely: Situak and method of research is completely randomized design.Results: Concentrations of 0.5 ppm kinetin + 0.5 ppm BAP, 0.5 ppm kinetin + 1 ppm BAP and 1 ppm kinetin + 1 ppm BAP can stimulate organogenesis (bud) in vitr
The Potential of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) as Biocontrol Agent Against Stem Rot Diseases Caused Sclerotium rolfsii of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L)
No full textThis study was conducted to assess the biocontrol efficacy of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AM Fungi) against stem rot disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. in peanut. The AM Fungi can be associated with almost all types of plants. The purpose of this study was to obtain isolates of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) as a potential biofungisida against Sclerotium rolfsii and can characterize the mechanism of the FMA in controlling S.rolfsii (salicylic acid) on peanut plants. The AM Fungi inoculant (40 spores g-1 in concentration) was introduced to peanut seedling (25 g plant-1 ) at planting time where as Sclerotium rolfsii inoculated 30 days after planting time. The experiment was arranged in the completely randomized design (CRD), which is 7 treatment sand repeated 10 times in the greenhouse experiment. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) using STAT program 8 and the Tukey test at 5% significance level. The AM Fungi treatments showed significantly redused the percentage of disease severity in infected peanut plants around 34.28% - 57.15% and longer incubation period, respectively. They increased root colonization (20,00 - 46.67%) with a middle to high category. The AM Fungi C isolate (isolated from Solok county), and the A isolate (isolated from Payakumbuh city) were the best as a biocontrol against S rolfsii (57.15%), followed by isolate D (isolated from Padang Pariaman county) 54,30 %. They also increased Salicylic acid content 1,4 times (70.72 ppm) compared to control (49,59 ppm). It can be concluded that the application of AM Fungi as a biocontrol agent played an important role in plant resistance and exhibit greater potential to protect peanut plants against S. rolfsii.
 
Evaluation of Agro-Morphological Traits of Some Introduced Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench] Varieties: Correlation, Variability and Heritability Studies
Full text linkOkra is a functional vegetable with good nutritional content and medicinal benefits. The red okra cultivar has a lot of fruit in a single plant but have a short harvest period, thus the weight and size of the fruit are small. One of the techniques in the improvement of okra cultivar is performed by hybridization with the introduced okra varieties that have a longer harvest period. The objective of the research is to evaluate the crosses between red okra with the introduced okra varieties and to obtain plants from the crosses that have a longer fruit harvest period character. The research was conducted at the Research Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University from Mei to October 2019. The materials used are the local red okra genotype, Ve-022, and B-291 introduced varieties as well as two of the crosses population of SOMB291 and SOMVe022. The whole plant is a red okra cultivar and the crosses are planted in a plot with a spacing of 40 x 50 cm. The performance of the crosses was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results showed that the plant obtained with a longer harvest period of 8 days after anthesis as much as 19 and 12%, respectively in the population of SOMB291 and SOMVe022. The increase in crop life in plants from the somb291 and somve022 populations resulted in a plant that has a greater length, diameter, and weight than the red okra population. The increase in the harvest period results in a greater length, diameter, and weight of fruit
The Results of Testing Several Potato Varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.) Under The Stands of Immature Coffee Plants
No full textPotatoes have the potential to be developed as a source of carbohydrates in supporting food diversification programs. Reduced potatoes production has resulted from a decrease in the land area for potato cultivation. The effort that can be made to increase land productivity is through multiple cropping systems such as intercropping, intermittent intercropping, streak planting, annual intercropping, and agroforestry. It is necessary to use idle land under plantation stands that have not been optimized, in increasing productivity and efficiency of agricultural production systems. This study aims to get the varieties that have the best growth and yields planted under immature coffee stands. This research applies a Single Factorial Experiment in Completely Random Design, where the factor is four levels of potato varieties, Granola (V1), Bliss (V2), Kentang Merah (V3) and Batang Hitam (V4). Observations made include plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, tuber length, tuber diameter, weight per tuber, number of tubers/plat, and total tuber by grade tubers (Small, Medium, Large, Very large). Based on the analysis variance of each observation variable shows, there is an effect of the variable observation except the width of the leaves. Granola provides the best response to the growth and yield of potato plant