JERAMI - Indonesian Journal of Crop Science
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INFLUENCE OF COW MANURE IN PLANTING MEDIA AGAINST THE GROWTH OF BANANA CORM OF BANANA KEPOK (Musa paradisiaca L.)
Full text linkThis study aims to obtain the composition of soil and cow dung that provides the best growth for kepok banana seedlings using banana corm.. This research was conducted in Sijunjung Regency. Efforts to provide banana seeds are carried out by utilizing banana corm which will produce 3 and 4 tillers per tuber and the production time is much faster than seeds from tillers. To get the best banana corm growth, a study was conducted using a mixed planting medium of soil and cow manure with five comparisons. The treatments were: A. Soil with cow manure 1:1 ratio, B. Soil with cow manure 2:1 ratio, C. Soil with cow manure 3:1 ratio, D. Soil with cow manure 4:1 ratio, E .Soil only. The treatment was repeated 5 times. The design used was a randomized block design and continued with DNMRT (Duncan New Multiple Range Test). Parameters observed were when shoots appeared, percentage of growth, shoot height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf length, root length and number of roots. The results showed that the best planting medium for planting banana kepok from corm was a medium consisting of soil and cow manure with a ratio of 1:1. This treatment gives the best results for all parameters
Fertilization and pruning improve vegetative growth and architecture of tropical lowland Borneo Prima Mandarin citrus
Full text linkVegetative growth of citrus can be increased through a combination of fertilization and pruning. Borneo Prima Mandarin (Citrus reticulata cv Borneo Prima) is a superior local commodity that is grown in lowlands. It has an interesting orange skin, while normally the tropical lowland citrus has a green skin colour. As a new commodity, Borneo Prima Mandarin has to be developed in order to increase production and improve quality. There is no specific cultural practices, so it needs to be developed, especially on fertilizing and pruning. The first experiment aims to observe the plant growth and architecture of plants grown in the orchard. The first factor was the nitrogen fertilization rate (0, 20, 40, 60 g N per tree per application) and the second was pruning (without pruning, open center pruning, hedge pruning). In the second experiment, the plants were applied with the same factors of experiment 1, but were grown on a root observation chamber sized 40 x 20 x 60 cm (length x width x height) which aims to observe the shoot root’s growth and the plant’s biomass. Nitrogen fertilizer had a significant effect to the growth of the Borneo Prima Mandarin, i.e number of shoots and leaves. Twenty grams of nitrogen fertilizer per aplication was efficient to produce new shoots and leaves. Pruning treatments had significant effects towards the plant architecture (i.e reducing plant height, canopy shade projection and canopy length). Open center pruning and hedge pruning made the crown more open which increased the light interception. The shoot grew rapidly two weeks after fertilizing and also pruning. While the root grew rapidly after shoot dormancy
PROLIFIC CORN TEST UNIFORMITY TEST (COB TWO)
No full textOne of the efforts that can be done is to increase the national corn productivity by developing prolific composite corn varieties. This is done because prolific corn is a type of corn with a tendency to produce two or more cobs, so that it can increase the value of corn production. The purpose of this study was to obtain prolific corn candidates (two cobs) with high yield and uniformity. This research was conducted using the mass selection method. Mass selection is done by selecting plants that have the desired character, namely prolific corn (cob two). The observed variables were the diversity in the F4 population, the percentage of prolific maize, and the comparison of the yield components of prolific maize with non-prolific maize. This study succeeded in obtaining 50% prolific corn on the cob and has wide diversity criteria. Of the 561 prolific corn plants, there are 91 corn plants that are classified as productive prolific. Prolific maize has a higher yield component than non-Prolific maize. Seed weight with cobs on productive prolific corn reached 318 g and seed weight reached 268 g
The Effect of High Temperature on α-Amylase Enzyme Activity in the Germination of Several Rice Varieties (Oryza sativa L.)
Full text linkHigh temperatures can affect plant morphophysiological changes and enzyme denaturation that can interfere with the germination process. This research aims to study the effect of temperature changes on the α-amylase enzyme activity of several rice varieties germination. The research applies Factorial Experiment in Completely Random Design, where the first factor is four levels of rice varieties, Anak Daro, Batang Piaman, Cisokan, and Inpari 30. The second factor is temperature level, 28 0C, 32 0C, 36 0C, 40 0C, 44 0C and 48 0C. Results showed that the activity of the α -amylase enzymes of the four varieties increased when the temperature increased to reach the optimal temperature, and denaturation began to occur above that temperature. The highest enzyme activity of α-amylase of Anak Daro, Cisokan and Inpari 30 varieties at 48 0C is 0,14 micromol, 0,365 micromol dan 0,191 micromol. In contrast the optimum enzyme activity of α-amylase of Batang Piaman variety at a temperature of 40 0C is 0,237 micromol and when the temperature rises to 48 0C a decrease in the activity of the α-amylation enzyme is 0,138 micromol. The variation in the activity of α-amylase enzymes in the four varieties is probably due to genetic differences and sucrose content. The Batang Piaman and Cisokan varieties can only germinate up to 36 0C, while the Daro and Inpari 30 varieties can germinate up to 40 0C
The Effect of Organic Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Water Spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir)
Full text linkWater spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir) had been identified as a nutritious vegetable with high demand in Indonesia. Besides, this plant also has been evidenced to play an important role in environmental cleaning as phytoremediator. The study about the effect of organic fertilizers on the growth and yield of water spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir) has been conducted in the Green House of Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Medan. The study aims to investigate the most effective type of fertilizers and the dose for water spinach’s (Ipomoea reptans Poir) growth and yield. A Completely Randomized Factorial Design was designed for the experiment with two factors and three repetitions. The first factor is the type of fertilizer (chicken manure, cow manure, and compost), and the second factor is the dose of the fertilizer (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1). The parameters such as plant height, number of shoots, number of leaves, fresh weight, dry weight, leaf’s total chlorophyll content, and water content were measured to evaluate plant growth and yield. The General Linear Model used SPSS 21 programs was applied to analyze the collected data. Study results revealed that cow manure increased plant growth and yield significantly with dose 2:1 as the finest treatment, followed by dose 3:1. Cow manure also increased total chlorophyll content (8.0574c mg. L-1), with the most suitable dose was 2:1 (8.2807 mg. L-1). The plant’s water content tended to be high in chicken manure (93%), and the lower water content was in cow manure with dose 3:1 (87.5%)
The Effect of Organic Fertilizer Types and Phosphate Fertilizer Doses on Growth and Yield of Chili (Capsicum Annum L.) var. Lotanbar
Full text linkRed chili plants are one of the important vegetable commodities and have high economic value in Indonesia, most of them are used for household and industrial purposes. The demand for red chili plants is increasing every year so that efforts are needed to increase the productivity of red chili plants. The objectives of study to determine (1) the effect of the interaction between the application of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of red chili plants, (2) the effect of the type of organic fertilizer and the correct dosage of inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of red chili plants. The research was conducted from January to May 2019 in Sumani village, X Koto Singkarak sub District, Solok District with a height of ± 400 meters above sea level. The design was used a factorial design in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 factors. The first factor is the use of organic fertilizers derived from cow manure (A1) and straw compost (A2). The second factor is the use of SP-36 fertilizer as a source of phosphate at a dose of 10 g/plant (B1), a dose of 30 g/plant (B2), and a dose of 50 g/plant (B3), each treatment consisting of four sample plants. Data from the observations were carried out by analysis of variance, if the obtained F count was greater than F table 5% followed by a further test of Duncan New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at the 5% real level. Parameters were observed: plant height, stem diameter, number of fruits, fruit length, fruit weight per plant, and yield of chili per hectare. The results showed that: (1) The results showed that the application of organic fertilizers was better for the growth and yield of Lotanbar chili plants. (2) The provision of cow manure can increase the growth of plant height, fruit length, fruit weight per plant and plant yield per hectare (3) There is no interaction between types of organic fertilizers and the dosage of phosphate fertilizers
Morphology Performance On Six Black Rice Accessions (Oryza Sativa L.) In M1 Generation Irradiated By Gamma Rays
Full text linkIncreasing the genetic diversity of plants can be done through physical mutations with gamma-ray irradiation. This study aims to determine gamma-ray irradiation on the growth of six M1 generation black rice accessions. This research was conducted in May-October 2019 at the Experimental Rice Fields of the Tasikmalaya Perjuangan University, West Java. The materials used in this study were six accessions from Tasikmalaya (PH, PH2, PH3, PH5, PH7, and PH8) without 0 Gy irradiation and with 200 Gy gamma-ray irradiation of M1 generation. The results showed that gamma-ray irradiation reduced germination characteristics, seedling height, and flowering age. Some of the accessions showed different effects; there were a decrease and an increase in the characters of root length, plant height, number of productive tillers, number of unproductive tillers, and the total number of tillers
Identification and selection of local carrot seeds (Daucus carota L) for seed sources
Full text linkCarrot (Daucus carota) is one of the most important root vegetables in Indonesia contains high levels of sugars, rich in β-carotene (pre-vitamin A), ethylene, and high levels of proteins. Carrot was reported as a medicinal plant in the gardens and an essensial part of the food coloring industry. In fact the seeds of carrot contain estrogen, and in some cultures are used as an effective method of contraception. Carrot have been promoted as a future ingredient in biofuels, the carrot seed oil has proved to be an excellent lubricant in industrial applications, appears in multitude of skin and hair care products and produced luteolin. Carrot grows vegetatively in the first season and produced seed in the second. The yield and quality of carrot grown is determined by the seed production technique which can flourish carrot seed production as well as to compensate high cost of carrot seed. The use of local varieties of carrot as seed source increase productivity through higt adaptability. The aim of research is to obtain the best possible tuber characteristic as a qualified seed source. Research was conducted by the exploration method of carrot tuber in Lembang Jaya area and study the morphological characters. The exploration result obtained 8 carrot tuber locations. The carrot tuber with a chantenay type had the best growth and yields of the seeds to develop. 
The Exploration And Identification Morphological Character Of Torch Ginger In Solok District West Sumatra Province
No full textTorch ginger is one of the spices used as food and traditional medicine which is rich in antioxidants. However, the existence of this plant is decreasing every year, especially in Solok district, West Sumatra province. So it is necessary to explore and identify the morphology of kecombrang plants in Solok district, West Sumatra province. The research was conducted by exploring and analyzing the similarity clusters with the Minitab 16 application. The purpose of this study was to collect germplasm and study the morphological characters and similarities of tourch ginger plants in Solok district, West Sumatra province. The exploration results obtained 20 kecombrang plant accessions from 8 locations in Solok district. Kinship or similarity level obtained 2 clusters. The differences between the two plant clusters were indicated by the similarities and differences in morphological characters in the stem color, leaf edge color and flower stem color. The similarity value obtained is 0.22-1.00, which means the highest similarity is 100% and the lowest is 22%
 
Exploration and Identification of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in the Rhizosphere of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao. L) in West Sumatra
Full text linkWest Sumatra was declared as a center for Indonesian cocoa in the western portion. Almost all areas in West Sumatra are suitable for cocoa cultivation, so the cocoa planting area covers almost all the districts in the province. However, West Sumatran Cocoa production decline occurs because cocoa plantations are still mostly cultivated with smallholder plantations. The occurrence of land conversion and reduced land carrying capacity, including soil fertility, is due to the continuous use of inorganic fertilizers, which results in a decrease in the ecological quality of the land. Efforts to improve land conditions biologically by utilizing soil biotechnology. One of the soil microbes that can be utilized is Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). AMF that live in a symbiotic mutualism with plant roots and helps the absorption of plant nutrients and live in various places. The study aimed to identify arbuscular mycorrhiza Cocoa rhizosphere three districts, West Sumatra province, from the month of November 2020 to May 2021. The results showed the number of spores and diversity of AMF. The number of spores was 67-218 spores per 20 g soil. The root colonization was in the range of 21.3 - 24.6%. While the AMF diversity before trapped found three types of sport Glomus sp., Acaulospora sp., dan Gigaspora sp