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Customer complaints about insect contaminated ready meals: Presentation
No full textMore than one-hundred food complaints about ready meals, coming from mass catering, were analyzed from 2003 to 2017. Even if insects in meals have an enormous negative impact on customers, the percentage relevance, considering the long period and the number of meals served, is negligible. Coleoptera (34%) was the most represented order, followed by Lepidoptera (27%), and Diptera (23%). Coleoptera insects were mainly field pests, found in salads and spinach, moths were represented by species infesting vegetables (58%) and by stored product pests (42%). Species of hygienic concern were found in Diptera. Few cases of cockroach contamination were reported on different food, but it is important to underline their presence in the meal, as it indicates a heavy environmental infestation and a high hygienic risk.More than one-hundred food complaints about ready meals, coming from mass catering, were analyzed from 2003 to 2017. Even if insects in meals have an enormous negative impact on customers, the percentage relevance, considering the long period and the number of meals served, is negligible. Coleoptera (34%) was the most represented order, followed by Lepidoptera (27%), and Diptera (23%). Coleoptera insects were mainly field pests, found in salads and spinach, moths were represented by species infesting vegetables (58%) and by stored product pests (42%). Species of hygienic concern were found in Diptera. Few cases of cockroach contamination were reported on different food, but it is important to underline their presence in the meal, as it indicates a heavy environmental infestation and a high hygienic risk
Intraspecific chemical variabilty and drug quality of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.)
Get PDFEinhundert zwanzig Einzelpflanzen aus zwölf Herkünfte von Artemisia absinthium waren unter den gleichen Umständen angebaut um ihre Drogenqualität zu bestimmen. Der ätherische Ölgehalt wurde durch Wasserdestillation und seine Zusammensetzung durch die GC-MS Methode bestimmt. Der Ätherischöl Gehalt variierte stark mit signifikanten Unterschieden zwischen Herkünften. Der grösste Ölgehalt wurde von den spanischen Herkunft produziert (3.215ml/100g), die Herkünfte “Norwegen”, “German 2” und “Belgien” gaben mittlere Werte (1.569-2.089 ml/100g) und acht Materiale zeigten Ölgehalte unter 1% (0.349-0.832 ml/100g). Die Hauptkomponente der Öle waren a-Thujone (0%-51.7%), ß-Thujone (0%-89.8%), cis-Epoxyocimen (0%- 75.7%), trans-Sabinyl Acetat (0%-94.5%), Sabinene (0%-33.8%), ß-Myrcen (0%-68.4%), Linalool (0%-52.1%), cis- Chrysanthenol (0%-37.3%), (Z)-Iso-Citral (0%-49.2%), Selin-11-en-4-a-ol (0%-58%) und (E)-Nuciferol Isobutyrate (0%-33.2%). Aufgrund dieser Verbindungen, zehn karakteristische Chemotypen wurden beschrieben. Die meisten Herkünfte waren heterogen betrachtend die Chemotypen. Keine Zusammenhang konnte zwischen den Chemotypen und der Origin der Samples bestimmt werden. Die Drogenqualität sowohl der Wildherkünfte als auch der gekauften Marktmuster ist unsicher.One hundred and twenty individuals from twelve accessions of Artemisia absinthium were grown under universal circumstances in order to evaluate the quality of the drug. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by the GC-MS method. The essential oil yield was quite variable with significant differences among accessions. Highest yield was produced by “Spanish” accession (3.215ml/100g), “Norwegen”, “German 2” and “Belgien” produced medium values (1.569-2.089 ml/100g) and eight accessions showed EO yields below 1% (0.349-0.832 ml/100g). Major components of the oils were a-thujone (0%-51.7%), ß-thujone (0%-89.8%), cis-Epoxyocimene (0%-75.7%), trans-sabinyl acetate (0%-94.5%), sabinene (0%-33.8%), ß-myrcene (0%-68.4%), linalool (0%-52.1%), cis-chrysanthenol (0%-37.3%), (Z)-iso-citral (0%-49.2%), selin-11- en-4-a-ol (0%-58%) and (E)-nuciferol isobutyrate (0%-33.2%). Based on these main compounds ten characteristic chemotypes were identified. The majority of the accessions were heterogenous concerning appearance of chemotypes. A connection between chemotype and habitat can not be justified in most cases. Drug quality of both natural populations and those purchased on market is variable
Weed vegetation in organic winter cereals in the region of Mecklenburg- Vorpommern as influenced by site and management
Get PDFAckerunkräuter sind in der praktischen ökologischen Landwirtschaft ein wichtiges Thema. Wir wollen die Dimensionen und die Artenvielfalt für die Region Mecklenburg-Vorpommern aufzeigen. Dafür wurde die Ackerunkrautvegetation von neun ökologisch bewirtschafteten Landwirtschaftsbetrieben in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern näher untersucht. Die Unkrautvegetation von 17 Wintergetreideflächen wurde im Juni und Juli 2016 erfasst. Es wurde auf den Wintergetreideflächen insgesamt 69 verschiedene Unkrautarten dokumentiert. Bei der Analyse der Daten stand die Frage im Mittelpunkt, ob sich signifikante Unterschiede in der Ackerunkrautvegetation aufgrund von standortabhängigen Parametern und Managementfaktoren quantifizieren lassen. Bei den Analysen fanden sich einige signifikante Unterschiede für Standort- und Managementfaktoren.Arable weeds are important theme in organic farming. In this study the weed densities and diversity in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern were studied. To achieve this, 17 fields of winter cereal on organic farms in the region were surveyed. Consequently the density of weeds was estimated within these fields in the months of June and July in 2016. This was combined with the management and site information of the surveyed fields. In total 69 different weed species were found. This was followed by an analysis of the effect of the soil and management variables on the weed density and diversity. From this analysis we found some significant influence of site and management variables
Situation and development of herbicide resistance in Black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides) in Bavaria
Get PDFAcker-Fuchsschwanz (Alopecurus myosuroides) ist eines der wichtigsten Leitungräser im bayerischen Ackerbau. Für die Vermeidung von hohen Ertrags- und Qualitätsverlusten ist eine effektive chemische Bekämpfung in wichtigen Ackerbaukulturen wie Wintergetreide, Winterraps und Mais unverzichtbar. Durch Veränderungen in der Produktionstechnik, wie z. B. vereinfachte Fruchtfolgen, reduzierte Bodenbearbeitung und überbetrieblicher Mähdreschereinsatz, ist eine starke Ausbreitung des Acker-Fuchsschwanzes aufgetreten. Seit etwa 20 Jahren ist eine Entwicklung von herbizidresistenten Biotypen und Populationen feststellbar. Der Bayerische Pflanzenschutzdienst führt seit 2004 systematische Untersuchungen zur Kontrolle der Herbizidresistenz bei Acker-Fuchsschwanz durch. Die Auswertung von Verdachtsuntersuchungen und Monitoringerhebungen beschreibt die Resistenzentwicklung von Acker-Fuchsschwanz in Bayern. Die Ergebnisse belegen die dynamische Entwicklung und verstärkte Ausprägungen der Herbizidresistenz. Während ACCase-Inhibitoren schon breit von Resistenz betroffen sind, verstärkt sich derzeit der Selektionsdruck auf die Resistenz gegenüber ALS-Inhibitoren. Im Verlauf der Untersuchungsperiode von 2004 bis 2016 wurden zunehmend multiresistente Populationen gegen verschiedene Herbizid-Wirkmechanismen nachgewiesen. Bei den seit 2012 zusätzlich durchgeführten molekulargenetischen Untersuchungen wurden regelmäßig Wirkortresistenzen gegen ACCase- und ALS-Inhibitoren bestätigt. In Einzelfällen treten multiple Wirkortresistenzen gegen die beiden wichtigsten Herbizidklassen auf.Black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides) is one of the most important grass weeds in Bavaria. Chemical weed control with high efficacy is very important in crops like winter cereals, oilseed rape and maize. Crop rotations with more winter cereals, reduced soil cultivation and e.g. contract harvesting enhanced distribution of blackgrass in all arable farming regions of Bavaria. Effects of herbicide resistance were observed since the last 20 years. The black-grass herbicide resistance is well observed by the official plant protection service of Bavaria. A wide experience of resistance tests shows the development of resistant black-grass. At the beginning of the test period in 2004 resistance to ACCase-Inhibitors was most important. Currently a selection pressure for resistance to ALS-Inhibitors is the greatest problem. During the course of the test program multiple resistance and multiple target-site resistance occurs increasingly
Control of Heracleum sosnowskyi in Lithuania
Get PDFHeracleum sosnowskyi, der Sosnowsky-Bärenklau, ist eine mehrjährige aggressiv invasive Pflanzenart, die in Litauen vorkommt. Die Komplikationen der Ausbreitungsbekämpfung von diesen Problempflanzen sind durch ihre gut entwickelten biologischen Eigenschaften verursacht. Bei den Bekämpfungsmaßnahmen ist es empfehlenswert, wirksame Herbizide und Mischungen zu erproben.Unsere Untersuchungen wurden 2016-2017 in Varnupiai (54° 29\u27 19.54", 23° 30\u27 45.9") im Rayon Marijampole durchgeführt haben gezeigt, dass die Wirksamkeit verschiedener Herbizide und Mischungen zur Bekämpfung des Bärenklaus verschieden war. Durch den Einsatz von verschiedenen Glyphosat-Aufwandmengen wurde die erwartete Wirkung nicht erreicht, im Laufe von 4 bis 6 Wochen trieben die Pflanzen wieder aus. Eine Mischung aus Glyphosat und Triasulfuron wirkte besser. Die Wirksamkeit von Dicamba und seiner Mischungen mit Fluroxypyr und Triasulfuron, Fluroxypyr, Triasulfuron und ihre Mischungen, Fluroxypyr+Clopyralid+MCPAMischung hing von den meteorologischen Bedingungen des Jahres ab. Die Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass sowohl niedrigere als auch höhere Mengen einer Tribenuron-Methyl+Metsulfuron-Methyl-Mischung gegen die Ausbreitung des Bärenklaus nachhaltig wirkten. Die Wirkung von Fluroxypyr+MetsulfuronMethyl auf die Pflanzen war effizienter, und im Laufe von 6 Wochen sind nur einzelne Pflanzen übrig geblieben.Sosnovsky’s hogweed (Heracleum sosnowskyi) is a dangerous perennial, invasive alien plant in Lithuania. Control of this plant is complicated due to well-developed biological properties. To achieve efficient control of the species, it is crucial to choose highly efficient herbicides and their combinations.Field experiments, designed to compare the efficacy of different herbicides and their mixtures used to control Heracleum sosnowskyi, were conducted in 2016 and 2017 in Lithuania, Varnupiai (54° 29\u27 19.54", 23° 30\u27 45.9"), Marijampolė distr. The efficacy of the herbicides and their mixtures applied for Sosnovsky’s hogweed control was different. The use of both lower and higher rates of glyphosate did not have the expected result, as 4-6 weeks after application new plants started to emerge. A mixture of glyphosate with triasulfuron showed better effect. The efficacy of dicamba and its mixtures with fluroxypyr and triasulfuron, fluroxypyr, triasulfuron and their mixture, fluroxypyr + clopyralid + MCPA mixture depended on the experimental years’ meteorological conditions. In 2017, the effect of the above mentioned herbicides and their mixtures on Sosnovsky’s hogweed stood out 4-6 weeks after application. Both the smaller and higher rates of tribenuron-methyl + metsulfuronmethyl mixture gave effective control of Sosnovsky’s hogweed. The effect of fluroxypyr + metsulfuron-methyl mixture was more rapid, and 6 weeks after application only single plants remained in the plots
KORVETA™ - a new herbicide for the control of a wide range of broadleaf weeds in winter oilseed rape applied in spring
Get PDFKORVETA™ ist ein neues selektives Nachauflaufherbizid in Winterraps zur Anwendung im Frühjahr. KORVETA wird mit einmaliger Anwendung ab Vegetationsbeginn eingesetzt. Korveta kontrolliert ein breites Spektrum an wichtigen Unkräutern in Winterraps, einschließlich Centaurea cyanus, Galium aparine, Matricaria spp., und Papaver rhoeas und weißt eine sehr gute Kulturpflanzenverträglichkeit auf. KORVETA enthält die beiden aktiven Wirkstoffe Arylex (4.8 g ae/L) und Clopyralid (120 g ae/L) und ist als Emulsionskonzentrat (EC) formuliert. Clopyralid wird schon seit vielen Jahren erfolgreich im Winterraps eingesetzt, der Wirkstoff Arylex ist ein neuer Wirkstoff aus der Gruppe der Auxin-ähnlichen Herbizide für die Nachauflauf-Bekämpfung von wichtigen zweikeimblättrigen Unkräutern. Arylex ist der erste Vertreter der Wirkstoffgruppe der ‘Arylpicolinate‘, einer neuen Gruppe innerhalb der HRAC-Gruppe O. Der wissenschaftliche Name von Arylex ist ‚Halauxifen-methyl‘ (Dow AgroSciences, 2013). Mit einer maximalen Aufwandmenge von 1 L/ha werden 4,8 g ae/ha Arylex und 120 g ae/ha Clopyralid ausgebracht. Mit KORVETA bietet sich dem Anwender in Zukunft ein neues Bekämpfungskonzept zur Unkrautbekämpfung im Frühjahr im Winterraps.KORVETA™ herbicide is a novel selective post-emergence herbicide for use on winter oilseed rape applied as a spring application. KORVETA provides superior control of a wide range of important annual broad-leaved weeds in winter oilseed rape, including Centaurea cyanus, Galium aparine, Matricaria spp. and Papaver rhoeas, combined with a robust crop safety. KORVETA combines both actives Arylex and clopyralid and therefore contains two non-ALS mode of actions. While clopyralid has been widely used in oilseed rape in recent years, Arylex is a new auxinic herbicide for the post-emergence weed control of key broad-leaved weeds. Arylex is the first member of the ‘Arylpicolinate’ structural class, a new class within the HRAC Group O. The ISO common name of Arylex is ‘halauxifen-methyl’ (Dow AgroSciences, 2013). With a maximum use rate of 1 L /ha, KORVETA will deliver 4.8 g ae/ha of Arylex and 120 g ae/ha of clopyralid. KORVETA is formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate (EC). KORVETA will be applied as a single application from crop stage BBCH 30 up to BBCH 50 and will give growers a new tool to control the key broad-leaved weeds occurring in oilseed crop in the spring
1.21 Improving pesticide regulation by use of impact analyses: A case study for bees
Get PDFWhen changes to regulatory guidance for risk assessment are proposed it is necessary to undertake an impact analysis to assess whether they bring the desired improvement to a risk assessment and reliability of the outcomes to inform decision making. In particular impact analyses should estimate the chances of getting both false negative (concluding low risk where more research is needed) and false positive outcomes (concluding high risks where the product is of low risk). Such analyses are also used to inform on future product development costs and workload for regulatory authorities. In this paper, we present the findings from an impact analysis conducted on the proposed EFSA bee guidance document (2013) and discuss whether the proposed guidance would provide for a cost effective and tiered approach toward the protection of bees due to the potential risks posed by the use of plant protection products. Following on from this a second impact assessment is presented based on new data generated by ECPA member companies regarding the assessment of chronic risk to bees. Critical areas are discussed and suggestions for the improvement of assess the risk assessment for plant protection products (PPP) to bees are presented.When changes to regulatory guidance for risk assessment are proposed it is necessary to undertake an impact analysis to assess whether they bring the desired improvement to a risk assessment and reliability of the outcomes to inform decision making. In particular impact analyses should estimate the chances of getting both false negative (concluding low risk where more research is needed) and false positive outcomes (concluding high risks where the product is of low risk). Such analyses are also used to inform on future product development costs and workload for regulatory authorities. In this paper, we present the findings from an impact analysis conducted on the proposed EFSA bee guidance document (2013) and discuss whether the proposed guidance would provide for a cost effective and tiered approach toward the protection of bees due to the potential risks posed by the use of plant protection products. Following on from this a second impact assessment is presented based on new data generated by ECPA member companies regarding the assessment of chronic risk to bees. Critical areas are discussed and suggestions for the improvement of assess the risk assessment for plant protection products (PPP) to bees are presented
