7850 research outputs found
Sort by
Determination of safe storage moisture content of commercial maize (Zea mays) seeds during hermetic storage: Presentation
Get PDFGermination declines during storage and meeting official standards (90% limit) can be challenging for the seed industry. Hermetic storage, through the establishment of self-modified atmospheres has shown to preserve germination in high-moisture maize seeds, but in the range of the low-moisture contents (m.c.) used by the seed industry, the relationship between hermetic storage and seed quality has not been fully studied. The aim of this work was to determine the safe storage m.c. of commercial maize seeds during hermetic storage considering both germination and microbiological aspects. Maize seeds with 95% initial germination were conditioned to m.c.s. between 11.5 and 14.5% and stored hermetically at 25ºC for 6 months. Germination, % oxygen, % infected grains, and colony forming units (CFU) were evaluated. Germination declined with increasing m.c.s, dropping to 50% at 14.5% m.c. Microflora respiration started to be detected at 13.5% m.c. and an anaerobic self-modified atmosphere was reached at 14.5% m.c. Despite the higher relative humidity, % infected grains and CFU count at 14.5% m.c. were lower than at 13.5%, probably due to the suppressive effect of the anaerobic atmosphere. In conclusion, 11.5% was a safe storage m.c. as it preserved germination above marketing requirements without microbiological risk. Hermetic storage was useful to generate self-modified atmospheres for m.c.s above 13.5%, but these self-modified atmospheres were not effective to protect germination. Further research on the effects of controlled and self-modified atmospheres on the quality of different maize genotypes is needed to evaluate the benefit of hermetic storage of commercial seeds.Germination declines during storage and meeting official standards (90% limit) can be challenging for the seed industry. Hermetic storage, through the establishment of self-modified atmospheres has shown to preserve germination in high-moisture maize seeds, but in the range of the low-moisture contents (m.c.) used by the seed industry, the relationship between hermetic storage and seed quality has not been fully studied. The aim of this work was to determine the safe storage m.c. of commercial maize seeds during hermetic storage considering both germination and microbiological aspects. Maize seeds with 95% initial germination were conditioned to m.c.s. between 11.5 and 14.5% and stored hermetically at 25ºC for 6 months. Germination, % oxygen, % infected grains, and colony forming units (CFU) were evaluated. Germination declined with increasing m.c.s, dropping to 50% at 14.5% m.c. Microflora respiration started to be detected at 13.5% m.c. and an anaerobic self-modified atmosphere was reached at 14.5% m.c. Despite the higher relative humidity, % infected grains and CFU count at 14.5% m.c. were lower than at 13.5%, probably due to the suppressive effect of the anaerobic atmosphere. In conclusion, 11.5% was a safe storage m.c. as it preserved germination above marketing requirements without microbiological risk. Hermetic storage was useful to generate self-modified atmospheres for m.c.s above 13.5%, but these self-modified atmospheres were not effective to protect germination. Further research on the effects of controlled and self-modified atmospheres on the quality of different maize genotypes is needed to evaluate the benefit of hermetic storage of commercial seeds
Fumigant toxicity of essential oils and their combinations on population buildup of three stored product coleoptera in stored wheat and effect on quality of wheat: Poster
Get PDFExperiments carried out to find the fumigant toxicity of three essential oils and their combinations from Murraya koenigii, Citrus reticulata, Curcuma longa on population buildup of Sitophilus oryzae, Rhyzopertha dominica, Tribolium castaneum in stored wheat at different days of infestation. The oil of M. koenigii, C. reticulata at 0.2% and M. koenigii+C. reticulata, M. koenigii+C. longa at 0.1% each were found highly effective against S. oryzae fumigated after 5, 10, 15 and 20 days. The oil of M. koenigii and C. reticulata at 0.2% M. koenigii+C. reticulata, M. koenigii+C. longa, C. reticulata+C. longa at 0.1% each and M. koenigii+C. reticulata+C. longa at 0.07% each were found highly effective against R. dominica fumigated after 5, 10, 15 and 20 days. Only M. koenigii at 0.2% was found highly effective against T. castaneum fumigated after 5, 10, 15 and 20 day. The fumigation of grain with M. koenigii at 0.2% completely suppress the infestation and weight loss when it was fumigated after 5, 10, 15 and 20 days while very low infestation and weight loss was observed in grain treated with M. koenigii +C. reticulata at 0.1% each and not affect the organoleptic properties and germination of wheat.Experiments carried out to find the fumigant toxicity of three essential oils and their combinations from Murraya koenigii, Citrus reticulata, Curcuma longa on population buildup of Sitophilus oryzae, Rhyzopertha dominica, Tribolium castaneum in stored wheat at different days of infestation. The oil of M. koenigii, C. reticulata at 0.2% and M. koenigii+C. reticulata, M. koenigii+C. longa at 0.1% each were found highly effective against S. oryzae fumigated after 5, 10, 15 and 20 days. The oil of M. koenigii and C. reticulata at 0.2% M. koenigii+C. reticulata, M. koenigii+C. longa, C. reticulata+C. longa at 0.1% each and M. koenigii+C. reticulata+C. longa at 0.07% each were found highly effective against R. dominica fumigated after 5, 10, 15 and 20 days. Only M. koenigii at 0.2% was found highly effective against T. castaneum fumigated after 5, 10, 15 and 20 day. The fumigation of grain with M. koenigii at 0.2% completely suppress the infestation and weight loss when it was fumigated after 5, 10, 15 and 20 days while very low infestation and weight loss was observed in grain treated with M. koenigii +C. reticulata at 0.1% each and not affect the organoleptic properties and germination of wheat
Susceptibility of stored grain insects to the insect growth regulator methoprene: Presentation
No full textThe insect growth regulator (IGR) methoprene is labeled in the United States (US) for direct application to stored grain commodities, and as a residual surface treatment to empty grain bins and flooring surfaces inside indoor structures. Methoprene is also labeled in the US as an aerosol for use in indoor areas. One of the challenges in research with methoprene and stored product insects is through design of experiments that mimic how methoprene would be used in practical applications. Recent research with methoprene will be used to describe experimental designs to examine efficacy of methoprene when used as a grain protectant.The insect growth regulator (IGR) methoprene is labeled in the United States (US) for direct application to stored grain commodities, and as a residual surface treatment to empty grain bins and flooring surfaces inside indoor structures. Methoprene is also labeled in the US as an aerosol for use in indoor areas. One of the challenges in research with methoprene and stored product insects is through design of experiments that mimic how methoprene would be used in practical applications. Recent research with methoprene will be used to describe experimental designs to examine efficacy of methoprene when used as a grain protectant
Comparative efficacy of spinetoram, chlorfenapyr, cypermethrin, beta-cyfluthrin against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Trogoderma granarium (Everts): Poster
Get PDFEffectiveness of binary combinations of Plectranthus glandulosus leaf powder and Hymenocardia acida wood ash against Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Poster
No full textCombinations of botanicals could enhance biological activity against insects. This in turn, will reduce amount of botanical used in storage protection. In this issue, the bioassay was carried out on Sitophilus zeamais to assess the effectiveness of binary combinations of Hymenocardia acida wood ash and Plectranthus glandulosus leaf powder regarding adult toxicity, progeny inhibition, and reduction of damage and germination ability. Plectranthus glandulosus leaf powder, H. acida wood ash and their binary combinations significantly induced mortality of S. zeamais adult (P? 0.0001). The higher mortality rate was achieved by the highest content (40 g/kg) of H. acida wood ash (94.66%) and 25PG75HA (94.59%) within 14 days of exposure. The combinations of P. glandulosus leaf powder with H. acida at different proportions produced different interactions. The combination made up by 75% of P. glandulosus leaf powder with 25% of H. acida wood ash produced synergistic effect whereas that made up by 50% of each of two powders had antagonistic effect in weevil mortality. The three combinations of H. acida and P. glandulosus significantly reduced the progeny production. In term of inhibition of F1, the combination 25PG75HA revealed more effective than the two other. The grain damage and population increase were significantly reduced. In general, the non-infested maize grain had a good germination rate than the infested ones. The treatments did not have negative effect on seed germination. From These results, the two powders and their binary combinations could be used to reduce grain infestation by insect while taking in account the proportions of insecticidal powders implied in the combination.Combinations of botanicals could enhance biological activity against insects. This in turn, will reduce amount of botanical used in storage protection. In this issue, the bioassay was carried out on Sitophilus zeamais to assess the effectiveness of binary combinations of Hymenocardia acida wood ash and Plectranthus glandulosus leaf powder regarding adult toxicity, progeny inhibition, and reduction of damage and germination ability. Plectranthus glandulosus leaf powder, H. acida wood ash and their binary combinations significantly induced mortality of S. zeamais adult (P? 0.0001). The higher mortality rate was achieved by the highest content (40 g/kg) of H. acida wood ash (94.66%) and 25PG75HA (94.59%) within 14 days of exposure. The combinations of P. glandulosus leaf powder with H. acida at different proportions produced different interactions. The combination made up by 75% of P. glandulosus leaf powder with 25% of H. acida wood ash produced synergistic effect whereas that made up by 50% of each of two powders had antagonistic effect in weevil mortality. The three combinations of H. acida and P. glandulosus significantly reduced the progeny production. In term of inhibition of F1, the combination 25PG75HA revealed more effective than the two other. The grain damage and population increase were significantly reduced. In general, the non-infested maize grain had a good germination rate than the infested ones. The treatments did not have negative effect on seed germination. From These results, the two powders and their binary combinations could be used to reduce grain infestation by insect while taking in account the proportions of insecticidal powders implied in the combination
Insect pests of post-harvest storage in promising crop sectors in Burkina Faso: current concerns and prospects for solutions: Presentation
Get PDFEffective post-harvest management of crops could significantly contribute to food security by improving the availability and quality of food. In Burkina Faso, new concerns have emerged as a result of the growing importance accorded to sesame (Sesamum indica), roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), "zamnè" (Acacia macrostachya), and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). The insects identified as storage pests on these crops belong mainly to the order Coleoptera and families of Chrysomelidae, Curculionidae and Bostrichidae are the most representative. The studies carried out allowed a better knowledge of the pests as well as their economic importance. Losses due to insects, estimated up to 100% depending on the crop and protection methods used, are frequently observed after a few months of grain storage. Several alternatives to the use of chemicals including biological control, biopesticides and hermetic storage are being promoted. The triple bagging technology is one of the promising alternatives that can adapt to the post-harvest storage of a wide range of crops. Despite its proven effectiveness for several commodities, there is need to verify its efficiency against a diversity of insect pests with differing behaviour and evolution. The importance of the challenges is such that the strategies to be implemented must be conceived in a comprehensive, integrated approach, even at the regional scale.Effective post-harvest management of crops could significantly contribute to food security by improving the availability and quality of food. In Burkina Faso, new concerns have emerged as a result of the growing importance accorded to sesame (Sesamum indica), roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), "zamnè" (Acacia macrostachya), and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). The insects identified as storage pests on these crops belong mainly to the order Coleoptera and families of Chrysomelidae, Curculionidae and Bostrichidae are the most representative. The studies carried out allowed a better knowledge of the pests as well as their economic importance. Losses due to insects, estimated up to 100% depending on the crop and protection methods used, are frequently observed after a few months of grain storage. Several alternatives to the use of chemicals including biological control, biopesticides and hermetic storage are being promoted. The triple bagging technology is one of the promising alternatives that can adapt to the post-harvest storage of a wide range of crops. Despite its proven effectiveness for several commodities, there is need to verify its efficiency against a diversity of insect pests with differing behaviour and evolution. The importance of the challenges is such that the strategies to be implemented must be conceived in a comprehensive, integrated approach, even at the regional scale
Sustained effective use of phosphine in stored product protection in India: Role of UPL Limited: Presentation
No full textPotential for using pheromone trapping and molecular screening in phosphine resistance research: Presentation
Get PDFPhosphine resistance monitoring typically involves bioassays of beetles from population samples collected from grain storage facilities. Insects are classified into susceptible or resistant phenotypes based on mortality or survival at one or more discriminating doses. Although valuable, phenotype testing has several drawbacks. First, phenotype testing needs live insects, and considerable effort is required to collect and maintain them before testing. Second, population samples may contain multiple genotypes expressing different levels of resistance that may not be distinguishable using discriminating dose bioassays. Third, collections are likely to be focussed around grain storages to maximise sampling success. Recent research shows that several key pests are actively dispersing through flight. The availability of commercial pheromone lures and recent advances in molecular screening provide an opportunity to provide information on resistance gene frequencies more broadly across the landscape. This approach is proving to be a valuable adjunct to traditional resistance testing in Australia.Phosphine resistance monitoring typically involves bioassays of beetles from population samples collected from grain storage facilities. Insects are classified into susceptible or resistant phenotypes based on mortality or survival at one or more discriminating doses. Although valuable, phenotype testing has several drawbacks. First, phenotype testing needs live insects, and considerable effort is required to collect and maintain them before testing. Second, population samples may contain multiple genotypes expressing different levels of resistance that may not be distinguishable using discriminating dose bioassays. Third, collections are likely to be focussed around grain storages to maximise sampling success. Recent research shows that several key pests are actively dispersing through flight. The availability of commercial pheromone lures and recent advances in molecular screening provide an opportunity to provide information on resistance gene frequencies more broadly across the landscape. This approach is proving to be a valuable adjunct to traditional resistance testing in Australia
Australia’s Grains Farm Biosecurity Program – a national initiative in plant biosecurity awareness, education and best management practice.: Presentation
Get PDFSound biosecurity systems contribute to achieving sustainable agricultural and environmental systems, reducing the threat of introducing unwanted pests and supporting food safety and product integrity. Within Australia, the Grains Farm Biosecurity Program (GFBP) is a national initiative to assist in the development and implementation of improved biosecurity practice within its grain industry. Initiated in 2007, the extension focused program contributes to the industry’s risk mitigation activities, supports continued market access and promotes a partnership approach involving governments, industry and community. The program is funded through grower levies in partnership with state government agencies and Plant Health Australia. Using a variety of community engagement strategies, the GFBP has developed a wide range of tools to improve the management of and preparedness for, biosecurity risks in the Australian grains industry at the farm and industry level by highlighting risk pathways and activities throughout the supply chain and encouraging adoption of practices and strategies to mitigate risks. The GFPB also promotes and conducts surveillance for high priority pests especially in on-farm storage. Evaluations indicate an increased awareness of biosecurity risks, industry capacity and voluntary adoption of biosecurity best practices throughout the sector. The GFBP focus on biosecurity best practice through industry engagement has seen it contribute to safeguarding and maintaining Australia’s export reputation, with the program recently winning a national biosecurity award.Sound biosecurity systems contribute to achieving sustainable agricultural and environmental systems, reducing the threat of introducing unwanted pests and supporting food safety and product integrity. Within Australia, the Grains Farm Biosecurity Program (GFBP) is a national initiative to assist in the development and implementation of improved biosecurity practice within its grain industry. Initiated in 2007, the extension focused program contributes to the industry’s risk mitigation activities, supports continued market access and promotes a partnership approach involving governments, industry and community. The program is funded through grower levies in partnership with state government agencies and Plant Health Australia. Using a variety of community engagement strategies, the GFBP has developed a wide range of tools to improve the management of and preparedness for, biosecurity risks in the Australian grains industry at the farm and industry level by highlighting risk pathways and activities throughout the supply chain and encouraging adoption of practices and strategies to mitigate risks. The GFPB also promotes and conducts surveillance for high priority pests especially in on-farm storage. Evaluations indicate an increased awareness of biosecurity risks, industry capacity and voluntary adoption of biosecurity best practices throughout the sector. The GFBP focus on biosecurity best practice through industry engagement has seen it contribute to safeguarding and maintaining Australia’s export reputation, with the program recently winning a national biosecurity award
