7850 research outputs found
Sort by
Bonsai and their risk for plant health: The case of the oriental tea tortrix Homona magnanima Diakonoff, 1948
Full text linkDie „Orientalische Teemotte“ Homona magnanima Diakonoff, 1948 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) wurde seit 2023 dreimal in Deutschland an aus Japan importierten Pflanzen beanstandet. Der Schmetterling wurde an Bonsais von Taxus sp., T. cuspidata und Pinus thunbergii festgestellt. Die Diagnose der Funde erfolgte in enger Zusammenarbeit der amtlichen Labore der Bundesländer Baden-Württemberg (Landwirtschaftliches Technologiezentrum Augustenberg), Brandenburg (Landesamt für Ländliche Entwicklung, Landwirtschaft und Flurneuordnung), Nordrhein-Westfalen (Landwirtschaftskammer) und dem Nationalen Referenzlabor des Julius Kühn-Instituts (NRL-JKI). DNA-Barcoding-Analysen der COI-Genregion ergaben für alle Funde in Deutschland identische Sequenzen. Die endgültige Bestätigung durch einen Datenbankvergleich mit NCBI GenBank und der BOLD-Datenbank war jedoch unzureichend, aufgrund falsch referierter, aber auch fehlender Einträge. Die Zuordnung zu der Art Homona magnanima wurde durch Kombination einer phylogenetischen Analyse mit den Informationen zur heimischen Verbreitung, Wirtsbaumpräferenzen und morphologischen Merkmalen ermöglicht. Im Anschluss an die Identifizierung führte das Institut für nationale und internationale Angelegenheiten der Pflanzengesundheit am JKI eine Express-Risikoanalyse durch, in welcher der Falter als potenzieller Quarantäneschädling eingestuft wurde.The Oriental tea tortrix Homona magnanima Diakonoff, 1948 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) has been intercepted three times in Germany on imported plants from Japan since 2023. The moth was found on bonsai of Taxus sp., T. cuspidata and Pinus thunbergii. The findings were diagnosed in a close cooperation between official laboratories in the federal states of Baden-Wurttemberg (Landwirtschaftliches Technologiezentrum Augustenberg), Brandenburg (Landesamt für Ländliche Entwicklung, Landwirtschaft und Flurneuordnung), North Rhine-Westphalia (Landwirtschaftskammer) and the National Reference Laboratory located at Julius Kühn Institute (NRLJKI). DNA barcoding of the COI gene region revealed identical sequences for all findings in Germany. However, the final confirmation by a database comparison with NCBI GenBank and the BOLD database was insufficient, presumably due to incorrectly referenced but also missing entries. Phylogenetic analysis in combination with information on native distribution, host tree preferences and morphological features allowed for a species assignment as Homona magnanima. Following the identification, an Express-Pest Risk Analysis was conducted by the JKI, resulting in a categorisation of the tortrix as a potential quarantine pest
Identification and characterization of new Vitis vinifera L. accessions from Romanian germplasm
Full text linkThis study focused on the comprehensive characterization of twenty-two grapevine accessions newly introduced and maintained ex-situ in the germplasm repository of the NRDIBH Stefanesti, in Romania. The results obtained with twelve SSR markers, 49 OIV traits and descriptions from old reference documents were put together to obtain a complete characterization. By comparison of the obtained molecular profiles with those collected in the Vitis International Variety Catalogue SSR database, two new synonyms, four misnomers and four new genotypes were found. One previously questionable variety was identified (\u27Negru tinctorial\u27) and the correct name was associated to a genotype previously believed of Egyptian origin. The 22 accessions were morphologically described, the distinct characteristics for each genotype were highlighted and seven accessions were described for the first time
Preharvest calcium and irrigation regime affects postharvest quality of cape gooseberry fruit (Physalis peruviana L.)
Full text linkThe cultivation of cape gooseberry in Colombia has increased in recent years, both in terms of export volume and production; however, yield has decreased by 19%. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate major factors that affect fruit production and postharvest behavior such as irrigation and calcium fertilization. A design with three randomized blocks was used that corresponded to the irrigation frequency (4, 9 and 14 days), each with 12 treatments composed of a factorial arrangement with four irrigation regimes (0.7, 0.9, 11 and 1.3 multiplying factor of the class A tank evaporation) and three doses of calcium (0, 50 and 100 kg ha-1). The calcium dose of 100 kg ha-1 resulted in fruits with a lower mass loss (8%), lower total soluble solids (TSS) content (15.74 °Brix) and greater firmness(11.03 N) at the end of storage. The fruits retained better quality with the application of 100 kg ha-1 of calcium, along with an irrigation coefficient of 0.9 applied at four days interval; however, the fruits had a lower TSS content. The luminosity of the fruits and the chroma from blue to yellow (b*) decreased during the postharvest period, while the chroma from green to red (a*) and the color index increased. This research provides practical information for farmers, suggesting precise irrigation and calcium nutrition strategies to improve the post-harvest performance of cape gooseberry fruits
Monitoring based simple and effective mechanical management strategy for grapevine stem borer, Celosterna scabrator
No full textThis research proposes a practical, non-chemical management strategy based on regular monitoring and mechanical removal of grubs for managing grapevine stem borer, Celosterna scabrator (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a major pest affecting grapevines in India. It was developed and validated at farmers’ vineyards between February 2020 to April 2022 in the grape-growing regions of Nashik and Osmanabad, Maharashtra. The monitoring was carried out at 10 days interval during December to April to observe two symptoms, viz., (i) appearance of a wet patch on the main trunk or cordon during early morning hours, (ii) initiation of presence of frass near the plant. The mechanical removal of C. scabrator grubs was done using wire, screwdriver or scissors. This strategy was evaluated at Nashik and Osmanabad during October 2021 – April 2022 in two farmer vineyards and the initial level of infestation was 12.25 and 22%, respectively. The strategy provided 100% control of C. scabrator and resulted in yield statistically at par with healthy vines and significantly superior over infested untreated vines. This strategy was validated as farmer-participatory approach in seven C. scabrator infested vineyards at Sarole Khurd, Nashik and the level of infestation ranged from 6.15 to 20.35% before imposing the management. After following this strategy for two fruiting seasons during 2020-21 and 2021-22, the infestation level ranged from 0.17 to 0.55% during 2022 resulting in total 96.84% infestation reduction. By focusing on early pest detection and non-chemical intervention, this strategy offers an economically viable solution to grape growers
Antimycobacterial potential of green synthesized silver nano particles from selected Himalayan flora
Full text linkMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a persistent threat to human life and a challenge to global public health. The pathogen’s antibioticresistance has become a serious problem, prompting the development of nanotechnology-based medicines to prevent multidrug resistance in microorganisms. The present study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), using leaves extracts of Achillea millefolium, Artemisia campestris and Hedera nepalensis to analyze their antimycobacterial potential. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticlesnwere harvested and characterized through UV visible spectroscopy,nField Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The FESEM analysis showed, that selected plant-based silver nanoparticles were spherical in shape with a diameter ranging from 50 nm to 80 nm. Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that constitute elements of silver nanoparticles are Ag, C, O, Cl and Ca. The biosynthesized AgNPs exhibited significant antibacterial potential against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. At a concentration of 50 μL Hedera nepalensis exhibited the highest growth inhibition at 97.33%, followed by Artemisia at 95%, whereas the percentage growth inhibition of Achillea millefolium at 50 μL concentration was 72.33% as compared to the Rifampicin (RIF) i.e., 40%. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed visible growth inhibition in both experimental and controlled cultures. Hedra nepalensis and Artemisia campestris showed promising potential to inhibit the growth of mycobacteria populations, indicating their potential for the development of novel nanomedicine to treat tuberculosis effectively
Yield Potential of Cropping Systems without Chemical Synthetic Plant Protection Products in NOcsPS field trials in Germany
Full text linkIn endeavors to manage agricultural cropping systems without the application of chemical-synthetic plant protection products (CSPs), one of the greatest challenges is ensuring yield performance. The literature provides a wealth of data on organic farming yields and the gap between organic and conventional systems, but little knowledge on the yield performance of cropping systems that use mineral fertilizers but not CSPs. This paper presents the first results of field trials at two locations in Germany comparing cultivation systems that are free of chemical-synthetic plant protection, but use mineral fertilizers, with both conventional and organic cropping systems. These system trials are part of the joint research project "Agriculture 4.0 without chemical-synthetic plant protection (NOcsPS)". Initial results show that CSP-free cultivation systems generally achieve lower yields than conventional systems, but considerably higher yields than organic systems
Chemical components and biological properties from acetone extracts of Conamomum vietnamense
Full text linkConamomum vietnamense is an endemic and rare species from Vietnam. The aim of this study is to determine the chemical compositions, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the acetone extracts obtained from the different organs of this species for the first time. A total of 82 components were identified from the acetone extracts of leaf, flower, and rhizome of C. vietnamense using Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique. Furthermore, the agar disk-diffusion method was also used to determine the antibacterial activity of the C. vietnamense extracts. Accordingly, the leaf extract was found to be effective against eight out of nine bacterial strains while the flower and rhizome extracts displayed activity against four out of nine tested bacteria. In addition, the three organs of C. vietnamense also possessed the high DPPH scavenging properties. The results of this study indicate that C. vietnamense extracts have the potential to be developed into pharmaceutical products in the future