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Satisfied from the city? – Report from the 2nd Braunschweig Urban Green Day
Full text linkVor dem Hintergrund des geringen Selbstversorgungsgrades Deutschlands an Obst und Gemüse fordert die Politik regionale und lokale nachhaltige Agrar- und Ernährungssysteme als Wege in eine krisenfeste Landwirtschaft. Darin spielt die Ausrichtung der Landwirtschaft auf die Stadt eine besondere Rolle. Anlässlich des 2. Braunschweiger Stadtgrün-Tages stellten sich die Teilnehmenden darüber hinaus die Frage, welchen Beitrag die nicht-professionelle urbane Nahrungserzeugung in Braunschweigs Gärten für die Selbstversorgung der Stadt mit Obst und Gemüse spielen könnte. Das überraschende Ergebnis war, dass sich Braunschweig theoretisch innerhalb seiner Stadtgrenzen mit Gemüse und Obst selbst versorgen könnte. Die Faktoren, die die praktische Umsetzung begrenzen, wurden diskutiert.Against the backdrop of Germany\u27s low self-sufficiency in fruits and vegetables, policymakers are advocating for regional and local sustainable agricultural and food systems as pathways towards a crisis-resistant agriculture. In this context, the alignment of agriculture towards urban areas plays a significant role. During the 2nd Braunschweig Urban Green Day, participants further explored the potential contribution of non-professional urban food production in Braunschweig\u27s gardens to the city\u27s self-sufficiency in fruits and vegetables. The surprising outcome was that, in theory, Braunschweig could self-supply with fruits and vegetables within its city limits. However, the practical implementation barriers were discussed extensively
Production, antimicrobial, antioxidant, sensory, and therapeutic properties of herbal wine – A comprehensive review
Full text linkWine is a fermented beverage. Herbal-infused wine is beneficial to health due to its antimicrobial and anticancer properties. The constituents of these plants, including flowers, fruits, stems, roots, bark, and leaves, contain antioxidant activity. The herbs can be extracted through various methods such as maceration, decoction, infusion, crushing, grinding, and blending. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the primary organism responsible for fermentation, converting glucose into metabolic energy.
This review analyses the potential medicinal value of herbal wine in treating human diseases. Herbal wine is a recent development in culinary technology, as herbs possess antioxidant and antimicrobial properties that make them effective against cancer and diabetes. Polyphenols found in wine have been reported to be effective in treating human ailments such as coronary heart disease, diabetes, microbial infections, neurodegenerative diseases, and aging. Therefore, fortifying alcoholic beverages may increase health benefits and clinical applications.
The qualities of these herbal extracts are comparable to those of fortified wines, making drinking fortified wines a healthier option than consuming conventional wines. However, the production of herbal wine from certain extracts may require the addition of taste enhancers.
Our focus is on the fermentative production of wine from various herbal extracts, including physicochemical, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and sensory evaluation. We compare and describe the health benefits and harmful effects of fruit wine and herbal wine
Spatial and temporal characteristics of dryness/wetness for grapevine in the Northeast of China between 1981-2020
Full text linkThe Northeast of China has a marked continental monsoon climate characterized by dry and wet hazards that have destructive impacts on wine grape yields and quality. The purpose of this study was to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of dryness/wetness of grapevines in the wine region of northeast China from 1981 to 2020. The Crop Water Surplus and Deficit Index (CWSDI) was used to characterize the dryness/wetness using meteorological data collected at 15 meteorological stations located in or near the wine region of northeast China from 1981–2020. Results showed that the multi-year average precipitation could satisfy the water requirement of grapevine with the average CWSDI of 43% (Bud burst), 35% (Shoot growth), 40% (Flowering), 73% (Berry development), 24% (Maturation) and 56% (Full growing stage) respectively for grapevine. Most growing stages experienced a wetting trend and varied discontinuously with the abrupt change in years. The drought-stricken areas were smaller than wet-stricken areas for each growing stage, especially for berry development and full growing stages. The drought and wet characteristics were stage-specific during the grapevine growth period. The precipitation, CWSDI, wet frequency, and wet risk increased from northwest to southeast for each growing stage, while crop evapotranspiration (ETc), drought frequency and drought risk showed the opposite characteristics. The drought risk was lower than wet risk in the Northeast wine region. These results can be used to develop strategies for mitigating and adapting dryness/wetness events in the wine regions of northeast China
Grape selector: a Shiny application for grapevine breeding
Full text linkBoth variety and clonal selection programs require the study of many traits. Selecting the best accession becomes a challenge when the number of accessions and traits being studied increases. Grape selector is a user-friendly tool that allows finding the best compromises according to a set of criteria (selection index). This tool can be used with phenotypic data at the variety or clone scale. The application was tested with existing phenotypic data from a breeding program and provided consistent selection with the one done manually
Bioactive compounds in 28 native tomato accessions from southeast Mexico
Full text linkThe diverse populations of native tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in Mexico have great potential for breeding and nutraceutical benefits, but information on their secondary metabolites is scarce. Here we quantified bioactive compounds with nutraceutical potential in 28 native tomato accessions across southeastern Mexico. Plants were grown from seeds, transplanted to fields in a completely randomized block design with three replications of each accession and assessed for antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, ß-carotene, lycopene, and other carotenoids. The results revealed significant differences in these variables among accessions. accessions Y129 (ß-carotene and lycopene), Y115, T107, and C108 (antioxidant activity), Y123 (flavonoids), and Y119 (carotenoids) had especially substantial nutraceutical value. These accessions could be incorporated into a breeding program to develop new tomato varieties with enhanced nutraceutical quality to improve health, especially in rural areas where these accessions are now grown and consumed, and are important sources of genetic diversity worth conserving
Biometric, ultrastructural, and seed germination analysis of Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Smith
Full text linkTorch ginger is a tropical species of ornamental/landscape, medicinal, and gastronomic use in several countries. The ideal physiological conditions for its seed development are unknown, which precludes sexual reproduction for propagation of seedlings and genetic improvement of the species. Thus, the objective of this study was to understand the morphological and biometric traits of its fruits and seeds and to evaluate the effect of temperature on the germination, storage, emergence, and seedling growth of two cultivars of torch ginger to contribute to future research on the propagation of the species. The color of the fruits suffices to distinguish the cultivars, while the other biometric and ultrastructural traits are similar between cultivars. The seeds of the two cultivars showed a higher percentage of germination in the dark under a thermoperiod of 35°C for 16 h and 25°C for 8 h. The Red Torch cultivar tolerated storage for up to 30 days, while the Pink Torch seeds could be stored for up to 90 days. The emergence in substrate was greater under the thermoperiod of 35/25°C, being 30% and 20% for the Red and Pink Torch cultivars at 30 days of thermal induction, respectively, but greater seedling growth occurred at 30/25°
Neues aus der Deutschen Genbank Obst (DGO): Friedersdorfer Baumschulen – Partner der Deutschen Genbank Obst
Full text linkReduction of plant protection products in sensible areas in Germany in context of the SUR Proposal: Influence of data, methods and definitions on the assessment of agricultural land effected
Full text linkIn agriculture, the application of plant protection products to cropland is important to prevent quality and yield reduction. The use of plant protection products implies negative effects on human health and the environment. Thus, a legal measure towards reducing the use of plant protection products is its restriction or ban especially in sensitive areas.This is the first national study to use publicly and freely available geodata to access the area of agricultural land located in different types of sensitive areas according to the proposal for a new EU Regulation on the Sustainable Use of Plant Protection Products (SUR). We assess the impact of different scenarios for a German implementation. In this study we analyse publicly available geodata of CORINE land cover 5 ha of 2018 with geographic information systems (GIS) for different scenarios.The results show that the impact of a pesticide ban or restriction for sensitive areas differs between regions and the type or combination of sensitive area. Using the CLC5-2018 data we estimate 19.6 million hectares of national agricultural area. Landscape Protection Area, Nature Parks and Water Protection Areas contain the largest proportion of agricultural land. A scenario which considers National Parks, Nature Reserves, Biosphere Reserves, Nature Parks, Natural Monuments, Landscape Protection Areas and Natura 2000 sites with Fauna-Flora-Habitat areas and Special Protected Areas for bird sanctuaries and Ramsar sites would affect 46.6% of the agricultural land use in Germany, ranging from 33.4% to 77.9% across different states.Comparing our CLC5-2018 results to a similar study from 2023, which used LBM-DE as land use data, we find that there is little difference between the results of identical scenario definitions when expressed as proportions. Whereas different SUR scenario definitions can lead to significantly different outcomes
First records of the Cottony Cushion Scale Icerya purchasi (Maskell, 1878) and the Seychelles Fluted Scale Icerya seychellarum (Westwood 1855) in Saxony and Bavaria
Full text linkDie Australische Wollschildlaus Icerya purchasi, ein weltweit wichtiger Schädling an Zitrus- und anderen Gewächsen, wird erstmals für die Bundesländer Bayern und Sachsen gemeldet. In Sachsen erfolgte der Nachweis einerseits an im Sommer im Freiland stehenden Kübelpflanzen, andererseits auch an einer aus Italien stammenden Zimmerpflanze, die nach mehrmonatigem Aufenthalt in Bayern nach Sachsen gelangte. Zwei Nachweise der Seychellenschildlaus Icerya seychellarum in Tropenhäusern in Nürnberg und Leipzig betreffen die ersten in Deutschland reproduzierenden Populationen. Beide Arten gelten als invasive Neozoen, die an vielen Pflanzengattungen, aber insbesondere an Zitrus-Arten, leben. Sie können die Winter in Deutschland im Freiland (noch) nicht überdauern, auf sie sollte wegen ihrer Gefahr für Orangerien, Botanische Gärten und Sammlungen und den Zierpflanzenbau aber geachtet werden.The Cottony Cushion Scale, Icerya purchasi, a globally important pest of citrus and many other plants, is reported for the first time from the federal states of Bavaria and Saxony, Germany. In Saxony, the species was found on a potted plant growing outdoors in summer, as well as on a houseplant from Italy that was transported to Saxony after being cultivated several months in Bavaria. Two records of the Seychelles Fluted Scale, Icerya seychellarum, from tropical greenhouses in Nuremberg and Leipzig represent the first reproducing populations in Germany. Both species are considered invasive that can live on many host plant genera but are especially found on citrus plant species. Neither species can survive the winter conditions outdoors in Germany yet but attention should be given to these species because of their potential harm to orangeries, botanical gardens and plant collections and ornamental plant cultivation in general
On the distribution and establishment of Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) in Germany
Full text linkDie invasive Marmorierte Baumwanze, Halyomorpha halys, verursacht weltweit wirtschaftliche Schäden in Obst- und Gemüsekulturen. Darüber hinaus ist sie ein Lästling, der gerne in großer Anzahl in menschlichen Behausungen überwintert. In den Ursprungsgebieten Ostasiens wird diese Schadwanze durch natürliche Gegenspieler reguliert. Die Schlupfwespe Trissolcus japonicus ist durch sehr hohe Parasitierungsraten der Eigelege ein dominanter Antagonist von H. halys. Adventive Populationen von T. japonicus wurden bereits in Nordamerika und mehreren Ländern Europas nachgewiesen, wo sie sich im Ausbreitungsgebiet von H. halys erfolgreich etabliert haben. In dieser Studie werden die Ergebnisse eines Monitorings von H. halys-Eigelegen zur Ausbreitung und Etablierung der Schlupfwespe dargestellt. In Deutschland erfolgte der Erstfund von T. japonicus im Jahr 2020 an drei Standorten in Baden-Württemberg. Seither haben sich weitere Fundorte innerhalb Baden-Württembergs sowie in Hessen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Bayern und Nordrhein-Westfalen ergeben. T. japonicus kann nachweislich erfolgreich unter den klimatischen Bedingungen in Baden-Württemberg überwintern, sich fortpflanzen und innerhalb des Verbreitungsgebietes von H. halys ausbreiten. Der aktuelle Status von T. japonicus wird dargestellt.The invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, is an economically important pest of fruit and vegetable crops. It is also a nuisance pest overwintering in large numbers in man-made structures. In its native range, natural biological control plays a key role in regulating this pest. The egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus is a dominant natural enemy showing high parasitism rates on H. halys eggs. Adventive populations of T. japonicus have been reported from North America and several European countries with successful establishment within the new distribution areas of H. halys. The object of this study was to monitor H. halys egg masses to assess the distribution and establishment of T. japonicus. In Germany, T. japonicus was first reported in 2020 at three sites in Baden-Wuerttemberg. Since then, additional locations have been confirmed in Hesse, Rhineland-Palatinate, Bavaria, and North Rhine-Westphalia. Thus, T. japonicus has been able to successfully overwinter, reproduce, and spread within H. halys’ distribution range in Baden-Wuerttemberg. Here, the current status of presence and establishment of T. japonicus in Germany is reported