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Reduction of fungi and mycotoxin decontamination by ozone gas treatment in three stored rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties: Poster
No full textThe present work brings together different rice varieties (black, brown and white) evaluated for their differences/ susceptibilities/resistance to ozone (O3) gas treatment for safer storage (mycological and toxicological contamination control). The three rice varieties were separated into two Groups –Control (GC) andtreated Groups (GT) which had O3 gas applied (5 L/min, 40 ppm and 60 min for gas flow). Samples were collected during the storage period to check for the O3 gas effect on fungi reduction (total count and fungi genera identification) and so for the humidity parameters of moisture content (mc) and water activity (aw). It was possible to verify the effectiveness of the O3 application in the samples when compared to Control. It was observed that even at the shortest time of gas exposure, O3 application caused changes to fungi (both growth speed & toxin formation). The grains did not change their organoleptic, physical and biochemical characteristics after O3 application. Recent studies from our Labmico Group indicated that the O3 application in addition to prevention of the biological contaminants, as reported in the current work, also reduces an insecticide (deltamethrin) residues. As O3 treated grain has reduced fungi contamination and toxicity of rice grains in all the varieties studied, it can be considered a potential agent to control fungi spoilage and so for toxigenic strains. Considering that there is a growing concern on the use of agrochemicals and their harmful effects on human health and the environment, O3 application can be a promising to implement decontaminationof highly consumed grains worldwide, such as rice.The present work brings together different rice varieties (black, brown and white) evaluated for their differences/ susceptibilities/resistance to ozone (O3) gas treatment for safer storage (mycological and toxicological contamination control). The three rice varieties were separated into two Groups –Control (GC) andtreated Groups (GT) which had O3 gas applied (5 L/min, 40 ppm and 60 min for gas flow). Samples were collected during the storage period to check for the O3 gas effect on fungi reduction (total count and fungi genera identification) and so for the humidity parameters of moisture content (mc) and water activity (aw). It was possible to verify the effectiveness of the O3 application in the samples when compared to Control. It was observed that even at the shortest time of gas exposure, O3 application caused changes to fungi (both growth speed & toxin formation). The grains did not change their organoleptic, physical and biochemical characteristics after O3 application. Recent studies from our Labmico Group indicated that the O3 application in addition to prevention of the biological contaminants, as reported in the current work, also reduces an insecticide (deltamethrin) residues. As O3 treated grain has reduced fungi contamination and toxicity of rice grains in all the varieties studied, it can be considered a potential agent to control fungi spoilage and so for toxigenic strains. Considering that there is a growing concern on the use of agrochemicals and their harmful effects on human health and the environment, O3 application can be a promising to implement decontaminationof highly consumed grains worldwide, such as rice
Pulses protein quality control at different storage conditions for further protein extraction – a review: Poster
Get PDFThe storage conditions are of extreme importance with regards to grains (cereal & pulses) components (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins) preservation and quality for industry (that may interfere to whole process and quality of the final product). In addition, the vegetarian consumers’ interest of protein supplement (capsules) from pulses such as beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.), lentils (Lens culinaris L.), peas (Pisum sativum L.), peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), also soybeans (Glycine max L.) has grown considerably, mainly due to their non-lactose&non-animal-based ingredients and also non-transgenic in some of the pulses. Therefore, there is a need of information regarding pulses storage conditions on their components’ quality/quantity and so for safety of the raw material utilized for protein extract purposes. In addition, to get safe pulses raw materials for protein extraction aimed for vegetarian supplements, one needs to take into account (a) quite controlled storage conditions, apart from (b) pesticide residues and mycotoxins contamination control. Therefore, the present reviewgathers and compiles the characterization of six different pulses by evaluating amino acids profile as indicators of protein quality, and compares them with different varieties for further protein extraction.The storage conditions are of extreme importance with regards to grains (cereal & pulses) components (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins) preservation and quality for industry (that may interfere to whole process and quality of the final product). In addition, the vegetarian consumers’ interest of protein supplement (capsules) from pulses such as beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.), lentils (Lens culinaris L.), peas (Pisum sativum L.), peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), also soybeans (Glycine max L.) has grown considerably, mainly due to their non-lactose&non-animal-based ingredients and also non-transgenic in some of the pulses. Therefore, there is a need of information regarding pulses storage conditions on their components’ quality/quantity and so for safety of the raw material utilized for protein extract purposes. In addition, to get safe pulses raw materials for protein extraction aimed for vegetarian supplements, one needs to take into account (a) quite controlled storage conditions, apart from (b) pesticide residues and mycotoxins contamination control. Therefore, the present reviewgathers and compiles the characterization of six different pulses by evaluating amino acids profile as indicators of protein quality, and compares them with different varieties for further protein extraction
Finding new approaches to integrated veterinary herd health care (oder auch: stock supervision) – “Agricultural Phytopharmacognosia”: Classical-historical Traditional Indian Medicin (TIM) in western (occidental) medicine for livestock.
Get PDFHorizontaler Naturstoff-Transfer: Neue Erkenntnisse über potentielle Kontaminationspfade in Kräuter und Gewürze
Get PDFMolecular cloning and functional characterization of the flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase gene from Rubus coreanus Miquel
Get PDFRubus coreanus Miquel is a Korean black raspberry used in folk medicine and functional foods. To investigate the biosynthesis pathway of anthocyanin in R. coreanus Miquel, the complete coding sequence of flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H), designated as RcMF3′H1, was cloned for the first time using the Korean black raspberry transcriptome library. The deduced amino acid sequence of RcMF3′H1 contained the proline-rich “hinge” region, P450 consensus heme-binding domain, and F3′H-specific motifs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that RcMF3′H1 was clustered into the same subgroup as other plant F3′Hs. In addition, expression analysis by quantitative real-time PCR revealed the involvement of RcMF3′H1 in methyl jasmonate-mediated anthocyanin biosynthesis. Furthermore, the ability of the RcMF3′H1 gene to complement the Arabidopsis transparent testa 7-1 mutant suggested that RcMF3′H1 encodes the functional F3′H enzyme involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Taken together, the cloning and molecular characterization of RcMF3′H1 will facilitate a better insight into the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in R. coreanus Miquel
Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in no-till and conventionally tilled vineyards
Get PDFThe use of a permanent vegetation cover or frequent tillage in vineyards may affect soil water budget, nutrient availability, soil compaction, soil erosion and soil microbe biodiversity, and through all these and other factors also yield and wine quality parameters. The abundance and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) might also be influenced, but so far effects on AMF by permanent vege-tation cover (= no-tillage systems) or repeated chiseling and rotary-tillaging have rarely been compared in vineyards. The objective of this on-farm study was to determine AMF species richness and diversity in two adjacent vineyards in Palatinate (SW Germany). In both vineyards, grown on fertile Luvisols, the var. “Pinot Gris” was grown for 39 years, but with different soil cultivation and different fertilization strategies. In one vineyard, soil was maintained periodically without vegetation by passing rotatory cultivator and chiseling between the grapevine rows (‘inter-rows’) several times per year, preferably during spring and summer and in dependency of rainfall and ‘weed’ growth, and fertilization was mainly by organic fertilizers in the last ten years before soil sampling. In the other vineyard, a permanent vegetation has been established since planting, dominated by Lolium perenne, and mineral fertilizers were exclusively applied. Despite of similar high nutrient availability in both soils, in particular of phosphorus, astonishing high AMF species richness and diversity were found in both vineyards. In the no-tillage inter-rows, 34 AMF species were found, with a species composition typically for Central European permanent grasslands (Shannon diversity index 2.45). In the tillage system 24 AMF species were found with a composition as known for extensively used, cultivated Central European croplands (diversity index 2.26). We conclude that above all soil cultivation has affected AMF diversity in these Central European vineyards, while the level and type of fertilization affected the AMF communities only on a minor level
Physiological responses to drought in three provenances of Discorea nipponica Makino
Get PDFDioscorea nipponica Makino is an optimal candidate to develop the diosgenin industry in North China. Given the large fluctuations in soil water availability induced by global climate change, information on drought tolerance of this species is urgently needed. Thus, seedlings of three provenances, selected from Manghe, Pangquangou nd Luyashan Nature Reserves in Shanxi Province, were exposed to 70%-85%, 55%-60%, 40%-45% and 20%-35% of water holding capacity, representing normal-watered, light drought stress, moderate drought stress and severe drought stress, respectively. Thirteen indices concerning plant water status, photosynthesis, antioxidants and osmotic regulation were recorded. Principal Component Analysis was applied to identify indices with a high contribution to drought tolerance, fulfilled by the average of subordinate function values (Xij) of drought tolerance index (Xij).We found that rhizome-propagated seedlings of D. nipponica Makino could survive eighty days of severe drought. The drought tolerance of this species is achieved mainly through physiological responses including decreased photosynthesis, increased activity of antioxidant enzymes, and accumulation of osmotic regulating compounds. The means of drought tolerance index for the provenances Manghe, Pangquangou and Luyashan were 0.29, 0.68 and 0.50, respectively. Pangquangou provenance showed higher drought tolerance than the other two, indicating that it might be a good candidate for cross breeding to combat the increasing drought climate in Shanxi Province
Über eine mikroskopisch-graphische Methode der Bestimmung des Fasergehaltes von Gespinstpflanzen
Get PDFCultivation of Chamomile in Germany - Threat by unknown fungus
Get PDFSeit 2007 wurde in den Kamillebeständen in Thüringen ein vermehrtes Auftreten von Krankheitssymptomen beobachtet, deren Ursache unklar war. Neben tierischen Schaderregern wurden verschiedene pilzliche Pathogene, vorrangig Septoria sp. und ein unbekannter Pilz (UBK), sowie weiter Pathogene wie Golovinomyces cichoracearum var. cichoracearum (Echter Mehltau), Paraperonospora leptosperma (Falscher Mehltau), Puccinia matricariae (Rost) und Colletotrichum sp. an Kamillebeständen in Thüringen aufgefunden. Die Bedeutung des unbekannten Pilzes für das Schadausmaß an Kamille war unklar und Hinweise aus der Literatur lagen nicht vor. In molekularbiologischen Untersuchungen konnte die Septoria-Art eindeutig als Septoria matricariae identifiziert werden. Der unbekannte Pilz UBK wird derAbteilung der Ascomyceten mit der Ordnung Helotiales zugeordnet.Since 2007, an increased incidence of disease symptoms had been observed in the chamomile stocks in Thuringia, the cause of which was unclear. In addition to animal pathogens, various fungal pathogens, primarily Septoria sp. and an unknown fungus (UBK), had been found on chamomile stocks in Thuringia as well as pathogens such as Golovinomyces cichoracearum var. cichoracearum (powdery mildew), Paraperonospora leptosperma (powdery mildew), Puccinia matricariae (rust) and Colletotrichum sp. The importance of the unknown fungus for the damage level of chamomile was unclear. References from the literature were not available. In molecular biological studies, the Septoria species was clearly identified as Septoria matricariae. The unknown fungus UBK is assigned to the division of the ascomycetes with the order helotiales
Asteromella forsythiae sp. nov., a new fungus on Forsythia sp.
Get PDFAsteromella forsythiae sp. nov., ist ein neuer phytopathogener Pilz an Forsythia sp. Symptome an Wirtspflanze und sowie der Pilz werden beschrieben.Asteromella forsythiae sp. nov. is a new pathogenic fungus collected on Forsythia sp.. Symptoms on host and fungus are described