7850 research outputs found
Sort by
Grapevine breeding under climate change: Applicability of a molecular marker linked to véraison
Get PDFViticulture is of high economic value. Traditional grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) are used in adaptation to the climatic conditions from Northern to Southern European growing areas. However, the recent trend of global warming causes quality deficits due to a shift of the plant\u27s development to earlier times in the year. As a consequence, premature ripening happens under warm temperatures and interferes with the balanced accumulation of sugars, acids, aroma profiles and berry coloration. Modern grapevine breeding is challenged to include the ripening behavior as an important trait (besides pathogen resistance and other characteristics) into the development of novel cultivars well suited for sustainable viticulture. Breeders nowadays apply molecular markers to follow the introgression of desired traits on the genetic level. Previous work has identified a molecular tag on grapevine chromosome 16 strongly linked to the time of véraison, the start of the second phase of berry ripening, in a segregating cross population. In this study we analyzed the transferability of this marker to a set of 36 grapevine cultivars commonly used in German viticulture. Association analysis verified the predictive character of the time point of véraison for maturation time and confirmed the diagnostic potential of the véraison-linked marker in this extended set of cultivars
Zellaufschluss zur Extraktion von Pflanzeninhaltsstoffen: Methoden zur Quantifizierung und technische Anwendung
Get PDFBedeutung von Züchtung und Analytik bei Heil- und Gewürzpflanzen für den Übergang von der Wildsammlung zum kontrollierten Anbau
Get PDFQuality improved Cocoa and Cocoa-based Products with Flavour Profiles on Demand – ‘From Farm to Chocolate Bar’
Get PDFStatus Quo of inspection in EU: the results of SPISE enquiry
Get PDFIn preparation for the SPISE 7 workshop during the summer time of the year 2017 again a survey in the European Member States and other countries in Europe was carried out. The aim of this survey was to compile information concerning the actual situation of the inspection of pesticide application equipment PAE in use and this time especially the occurrence of problems connected to the implementation of an inspection system. The responsible colleagues of all involved countries got a short questionnaire where they gave new information. Special thanks to the reporters for this additional task.In preparation for the SPISE 7 workshop during the summer time of the year 2017 again a survey in the European Member States and other countries in Europe was carried out. The aim of this survey was to compile information concerning the actual situation of the inspection of pesticide application equipment PAE in use and this time especially the occurrence of problems connected to the implementation of an inspection system. The responsible colleagues of all involved countries got a short questionnaire where they gave new information. Special thanks to the reporters for this additional task
The importance of sprayer inspections in the EU from a chemical industry perspective
Get PDFThe legal requirements for sprayer inspection schemes reflect that Crop Protection has to be seen as a process, which includes the user, the application equipment, the infrastructure and the Plant Protection Product (PPP). EU directives set the legal framework for crop protection product registration and practices. For sprayers, or pesticide application equipment (PAE), the EU Directive on Sustainable Use of Pesticide (SUD), with its focus on risk reduction, requires the implementation of regular sprayer inspection and certified repeated trainings for users, advisers and stakeholders. The EU Machinery directive amendment lists the technical requirements a sprayer should fulfil which include environmental aspects for the first time. Standards are used to define technical performance requirements and how these should be tested. In Europe the CE label certifies that the PAE complies with the harmonized standards. The Crop Protection industry supports the implementation of PAE inspection schemes and supports the main objectives. These cover all aspects of operator safety, to optimize efficacy and to reduce PPP losses and reduce unintended environmental impacts. According to the relevant directive, all sprayers in use should have been tested at least once by 2016, however this has not yet been achieved. Implementation of inspection procedures are not yet well harmonized, which makes it difficult to compare tests results. Current inspections are mainly developed for field crop and bush / tree crop sprayers. Inspections for other types of PAE are generally not available, mainly because the respective technical standards are missing. TOPPS surveys in EU countries show that the need for advice on spraying is considered largely insufficient and varies significantly between EU member states. Countries with many farmers and a large variety of crops in general have higher needs for advice. The established sprayer inspection stations represent a possible opportunity to develop further competences in order to give application advice to farmers. This would require an appropriate training program for the sprayer inspectors, so that advice on e.g. better adjustment of sprayers can be further transferred by them to farmers. PAE will be a key element in further risk reduction requirements and may become more regulated and integrated in crop certification schemes. Therefore, it is necessary to follow comparable and consistent procedures which are both auditable and broadly accepted. The SPISE working groups gather experts from various countries eager to find solutions to the challenges.The legal requirements for sprayer inspection schemes reflect that Crop Protection has to be seen as a process, which includes the user, the application equipment, the infrastructure and the Plant Protection Product (PPP). EU directives set the legal framework for crop protection product registration and practices. For sprayers, or pesticide application equipment (PAE), the EU Directive on Sustainable Use of Pesticide (SUD), with its focus on risk reduction, requires the implementation of regular sprayer inspection and certified repeated trainings for users, advisers and stakeholders. The EU Machinery directive amendment lists the technical requirements a sprayer should fulfil which include environmental aspects for the first time. Standards are used to define technical performance requirements and how these should be tested. In Europe the CE label certifies that the PAE complies with the harmonized standards. The Crop Protection industry supports the implementation of PAE inspection schemes and supports the main objectives. These cover all aspects of operator safety, to optimize efficacy and to reduce PPP losses and reduce unintended environmental impacts. According to the relevant directive, all sprayers in use should have been tested at least once by 2016, however this has not yet been achieved. Implementation of inspection procedures are not yet well harmonized, which makes it difficult to compare tests results. Current inspections are mainly developed for field crop and bush / tree crop sprayers. Inspections for other types of PAE are generally not available, mainly because the respective technical standards are missing. TOPPS surveys in EU countries show that the need for advice on spraying is considered largely insufficient and varies significantly between EU member states. Countries with many farmers and a large variety of crops in general have higher needs for advice. The established sprayer inspection stations represent a possible opportunity to develop further competences in order to give application advice to farmers. This would require an appropriate training program for the sprayer inspectors, so that advice on e.g. better adjustment of sprayers can be further transferred by them to farmers. PAE will be a key element in further risk reduction requirements and may become more regulated and integrated in crop certification schemes. Therefore, it is necessary to follow comparable and consistent procedures which are both auditable and broadly accepted. The SPISE working groups gather experts from various countries eager to find solutions to the challenges
Present experiences and challenges in inspections activities in Serbia
Get PDFDuring 2016, after 3 years, activities which were focused on establishing a system for control testing of sprayer and air assisted sprayers on the territory of the Republic of Serbia the whole system was established on a 31 station for control testing of PAE and 2 bodies who are responsible for control and system organization. Thanks to the activities carried out through the IPA Twinning Project SR12 / IB / AG / 01 in December 2014, the equipment supplied to all stations by its basic activity of agricultural schools, agricultural extension services, professional high schools, agricultural institutes. Stations are equipped with all necessary equipment. The equipment is at each station entrusted to graduate agricultural engineer who have full-time job and they were trained in two basic courses. Plan was that during 2017. Serbia get new “Law of plant protection products”, which include parts of mandatory control testing PAE but we still in anticipation of this new legislation. During these anticipations, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad organized many workshops with agricultural producers. Aim of this workshops is to introduce agricultural producers with important and benefit of sprayer inspection and calibration. These workshops were supported by Vojvodina’s government. Also many of established station start with training of agricultural producers in their area with support of municipality or other state local body. Agricultural producers make good response on this activity, so experts from Faculty of Agriculture Novi Sad, provide also to agricultural producers training in their “Education Developmental Center for Pesticide Application Equipment” (ERTAP). We call it “ERTAP open days”. So, during season of spraying they can call us or visit our Center and we help them to be more effective and environmental friendly in pesticide application. Still, the biggest problem is that we do not have new legislation. Like two years ago, also now for implantation of control testing in Serbia we needed an urgent adoption of a new law as well as supporting acts, with emphasis Rules on control testing, in order to implement the system in practice.During 2016, after 3 years, activities which were focused on establishing a system for control testing of sprayer and air assisted sprayers on the territory of the Republic of Serbia the whole system was established on a 31 station for control testing of PAE and 2 bodies who are responsible for control and system organization. Thanks to the activities carried out through the IPA Twinning Project SR12 / IB / AG / 01 in December 2014, the equipment supplied to all stations by its basic activity of agricultural schools, agricultural extension services, professional high schools, agricultural institutes. Stations are equipped with all necessary equipment. The equipment is at each station entrusted to graduate agricultural engineer who have full-time job and they were trained in two basic courses. Plan was that during 2017. Serbia get new “Law of plant protection products”, which include parts of mandatory control testing PAE but we still in anticipation of this new legislation. During these anticipations, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad organized many workshops with agricultural producers. Aim of this workshops is to introduce agricultural producers with important and benefit of sprayer inspection and calibration. These workshops were supported by Vojvodina’s government. Also many of established station start with training of agricultural producers in their area with support of municipality or other state local body. Agricultural producers make good response on this activity, so experts from Faculty of Agriculture Novi Sad, provide also to agricultural producers training in their “Education Developmental Center for Pesticide Application Equipment” (ERTAP). We call it “ERTAP open days”. So, during season of spraying they can call us or visit our Center and we help them to be more effective and environmental friendly in pesticide application. Still, the biggest problem is that we do not have new legislation. Like two years ago, also now for implantation of control testing in Serbia we needed an urgent adoption of a new law as well as supporting acts, with emphasis Rules on control testing, in order to implement the system in practice
20% reduction of crop protection products in the five main grapes of Sardinia (Cannonau, Carignano, Cagnulari, Nuragus, Vermentino)
Get PDFThe European directive (127/2009 /CE) sets the standards for the sustainable use of pesticides, reducing risks to human health and the environment. It promotes integrated pest management and the use of different techniques related to the use of phytosanitary products products, whose consequences converge directly in a reduction of costs in general, thanks to an increase in the efficiency and effectiveness of the processes. In Sardinia, during the activities related to the functional control of spray machines, we noted that comparing what was declared by the agricultural operator, most companies used different quantities, often in excess, compared to what the spraying machine actually dispersed. After a careful evaluation of the collected data, it was necessary to assess what action and how to intervene to improve the use of pesticides through the volumes and its relative doses adopted by the companies. Therefore it was decided to prepare a project capable of achieving the objective to reduce the use of phytosanitary products of 20% in Sardinia’s agriculture starting with one of the most important sectors of production, viticulture.The European directive (127/2009 /CE) sets the standards for the sustainable use of pesticides, reducing risks to human health and the environment. It promotes integrated pest management and the use of different techniques related to the use of phytosanitary products products, whose consequences converge directly in a reduction of costs in general, thanks to an increase in the efficiency and effectiveness of the processes. In Sardinia, during the activities related to the functional control of spray machines, we noted that comparing what was declared by the agricultural operator, most companies used different quantities, often in excess, compared to what the spraying machine actually dispersed. After a careful evaluation of the collected data, it was necessary to assess what action and how to intervene to improve the use of pesticides through the volumes and its relative doses adopted by the companies. Therefore it was decided to prepare a project capable of achieving the objective to reduce the use of phytosanitary products of 20% in Sardinia’s agriculture starting with one of the most important sectors of production, viticulture
Homologation and inspection of spray drones in Switzerland
Get PDFDrone technology has made great progresses in recent years. Unmanned multicopters can follow a predetermined flight route very accurately and offer very interesting potential for plant protection in steep slopes of vineyards. Under such conditions, they can replace a lot of manual work and are a promising alternative to applications by helicopters. As no drones are homologated for spraying in Europe so far, standardized procedures are needed to fill this gap. In Switzerland a first type of drone has been homologated. This drone now underlies the same regulations as standard orchard sprayers. As drift measurements have proven a low drift potential of this technique, drones offer an interesting potential for the application of plant protection products.Drone technology has made great progresses in recent years. Unmanned multicopters can follow a predetermined flight route very accurately and offer very interesting potential for plant protection in steep slopes of vineyards. Under such conditions, they can replace a lot of manual work and are a promising alternative to applications by helicopters. As no drones are homologated for spraying in Europe so far, standardized procedures are needed to fill this gap. In Switzerland a first type of drone has been homologated. This drone now underlies the same regulations as standard orchard sprayers. As drift measurements have proven a low drift potential of this technique, drones offer an interesting potential for the application of plant protection products
Quality control of the workshops, the Danish approach
Get PDFTo fulfil European legislation, inspection of sprayers in Denmark started in 2014. The Danish Environment Protection Agency has authorised approximately 120 workshops with educated inspectors to carry out the inspections. It was a priority to implement an IT solution to cover all inspection reports, data about the workshops and inspectors as well as all data on the inspection equipment. It was chosen to translate and modify the IT system SYS that has been developed and used in the Netherlands. In SYS statistics from performed inspections by each workshop and each inspector can be compared with country average as regards repairs made during inspections. Statistics reports on workshop repairs are made on regular basis and these are discussed with inspectors and workshop managers during visits at the workshops. As types, brands, age and condition of sprayers differ between the sprayers inspected at different workshops there are often good reasons why number and type of repairs differ between workshops. The statistic report are however good for discussions with workshops.To fulfil European legislation, inspection of sprayers in Denmark started in 2014. The Danish Environment Protection Agency has authorised approximately 120 workshops with educated inspectors to carry out the inspections. It was a priority to implement an IT solution to cover all inspection reports, data about the workshops and inspectors as well as all data on the inspection equipment. It was chosen to translate and modify the IT system SYS that has been developed and used in the Netherlands. In SYS statistics from performed inspections by each workshop and each inspector can be compared with country average as regards repairs made during inspections. Statistics reports on workshop repairs are made on regular basis and these are discussed with inspectors and workshop managers during visits at the workshops. As types, brands, age and condition of sprayers differ between the sprayers inspected at different workshops there are often good reasons why number and type of repairs differ between workshops. The statistic report are however good for discussions with workshops