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Application of ECO2FUME® phosphine fumigant for the complete control of major stored product insect pests in milled rice in Thailand: Presentation
Get PDFECO2FUME® phosphine fumigant was used to fumigate milled rice in a commercial plastic bag (5 kg) and milled rice in a jumbo bag (1,000 kg) under gas-proof sheets to assess its performance against a mixed-age culture of Sitophilus zeamais, Tribolium castaneum and Oryzaephilus surinamensis. The trials were divided into 2 groups: 1) milled rice in a commercial plastic bag (packed rice) treated with a 50 g/m3 ECO2FUME® application rate (700 ppm phosphine) for 2 days with two bag stacks of 46 m3 and 55 m3 and for 3 days with two bag stacks of 50 m3 each; and 2) milled rice in a jumbo bag (raw material rice) with stack size of 314 m3 treated with a 35 g/m3 ECO2FUME® application rate (500 ppm phosphine) for 3 days and a stack size of 435 m3 treated with 50 g/m3 ECO2FUME® application rate for 2 days. Gas sampling lines were installed in the stack to measure the phosphine concentrations during the fumigation period. The results of the fumigation trials showed that mixed-age cultures of the three insect species in packed rice stacks were completely controlled at 2 and 3 days when applied with an ECO2FUME® application rate of 50 g/m3, whereas most insects in untreated control cages remained alive. ECO2FUME® was also 100% effective in raw material rice stacks with complete control of mixed-age cultures of the three insect species using 35 g/m3 of ECO2FUME® for 3 days and 50 g/m3 of ECO2FUME® for 2 days. Commercial tarp fumigation of milled rice with ECO2FUME® can be fumigated successfully without “top up” with good sealing procedures. Gas monitoring at regular intervals throughout the whole fumigation period is part of best fumigation practice to ensure that the minimum recommended phosphine concentration is maintained for complete control of all stages of target insect pests.ECO2FUME® phosphine fumigant was used to fumigate milled rice in a commercial plastic bag (5 kg) and milled rice in a jumbo bag (1,000 kg) under gas-proof sheets to assess its performance against a mixed-age culture of Sitophilus zeamais, Tribolium castaneum and Oryzaephilus surinamensis. The trials were divided into 2 groups: 1) milled rice in a commercial plastic bag (packed rice) treated with a 50 g/m3 ECO2FUME® application rate (700 ppm phosphine) for 2 days with two bag stacks of 46 m3 and 55 m3 and for 3 days with two bag stacks of 50 m3 each; and 2) milled rice in a jumbo bag (raw material rice) with stack size of 314 m3 treated with a 35 g/m3 ECO2FUME® application rate (500 ppm phosphine) for 3 days and a stack size of 435 m3 treated with 50 g/m3 ECO2FUME® application rate for 2 days. Gas sampling lines were installed in the stack to measure the phosphine concentrations during the fumigation period. The results of the fumigation trials showed that mixed-age cultures of the three insect species in packed rice stacks were completely controlled at 2 and 3 days when applied with an ECO2FUME® application rate of 50 g/m3, whereas most insects in untreated control cages remained alive. ECO2FUME® was also 100% effective in raw material rice stacks with complete control of mixed-age cultures of the three insect species using 35 g/m3 of ECO2FUME® for 3 days and 50 g/m3 of ECO2FUME® for 2 days. Commercial tarp fumigation of milled rice with ECO2FUME® can be fumigated successfully without “top up” with good sealing procedures. Gas monitoring at regular intervals throughout the whole fumigation period is part of best fumigation practice to ensure that the minimum recommended phosphine concentration is maintained for complete control of all stages of target insect pests
Effect of modified atmosphere on larval and pupal stages of Rhyzopertha dominica in stored chickpeas: Poster
No full textBiopesticidal potential of green chemicals against Callosobruchus analis (f.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae): Poster
Get PDFPulses have 20-27% proteins which is 2- 3 times higher than traditional cereals. These constitute the main source of proteins for developing countries, like India where per capita consumption of the animal protein is low, thus they are rightly considered the poor man’s meat. India is largest pulse consumer, importer and producer country of the world occupying an area of 228.47 lakh hectares with the production of 17380 million tones every year. With the United Nations declaration of 2016 as International Year of Pulses to replace the social evil of malnutrition by legume, the research pertaining to the biology and bio intensive management of bruchids pests has become increasingly important. Therefore, laboratory bioassay of essential oils which are regarded as “Green Chemicals” extracted from Zanthoxylum armatum DC., Rabdosia rugosa Wall. ex Benth, Artemisia maritima Linn. and Colebrookea oppositifolia Sm. by hydro distillation was carried out against Callosobruchus analis (F.) to evaluate biopesticidal potential in terms of oviposition and progeny deterrence and ovicidal activities. There was a significant difference in the number of eggs laid on treated and control sets and among the different treatments of essential oils. Z. armatum at 100 µl/ml allowed the bruchid to lay only 19.15±3.6 eggs as compared to 82.35±4.5 in control and proved to be most effective treatment with 76.74% oviposition deterrence. R. rugosa and A. maritima oil were found most effective in reducing the egg hatchability to 48.00±3.2 and 49.52±2.2% respectively at a lowest dose of 10 µl/ml. Egg hatching inhibition percentage increased with an increase in concentration of all the treatments. R. rugosa oil at 100 µl/ml proved to be most effective in reducing the adult emergence with 85.48% progeny deterrence followed by A. maritima showing 81.67% deterrence. All the tested essential oils revealed a wide range of bioactivities against the bruchid pest.Pulses have 20-27% proteins which is 2- 3 times higher than traditional cereals. These constitute the main source of proteins for developing countries, like India where per capita consumption of the animal protein is low, thus they are rightly considered the poor man’s meat. India is largest pulse consumer, importer and producer country of the world occupying an area of 228.47 lakh hectares with the production of 17380 million tones every year. With the United Nations declaration of 2016 as International Year of Pulses to replace the social evil of malnutrition by legume, the research pertaining to the biology and bio intensive management of bruchids pests has become increasingly important. Therefore, laboratory bioassay of essential oils which are regarded as “Green Chemicals” extracted from Zanthoxylum armatum DC., Rabdosia rugosa Wall. ex Benth, Artemisia maritima Linn. and Colebrookea oppositifolia Sm. by hydro distillation was carried out against Callosobruchus analis (F.) to evaluate biopesticidal potential in terms of oviposition and progeny deterrence and ovicidal activities. There was a significant difference in the number of eggs laid on treated and control sets and among the different treatments of essential oils. Z. armatum at 100 µl/ml allowed the bruchid to lay only 19.15±3.6 eggs as compared to 82.35±4.5 in control and proved to be most effective treatment with 76.74% oviposition deterrence. R. rugosa and A. maritima oil were found most effective in reducing the egg hatchability to 48.00±3.2 and 49.52±2.2% respectively at a lowest dose of 10 µl/ml. Egg hatching inhibition percentage increased with an increase in concentration of all the treatments. R. rugosa oil at 100 µl/ml proved to be most effective in reducing the adult emergence with 85.48% progeny deterrence followed by A. maritima showing 81.67% deterrence. All the tested essential oils revealed a wide range of bioactivities against the bruchid pest
Evaluation of five storage technologies to preserve quality composition of maize in Nigerian markets: Presentation
Get PDFMaize needs to be stored using good and safe postharvest management measures that will maintain the quality as at harvest. Insects and moisture must be controlled in storage to ensure quality and methods to achieve this, such as the use of reduced-risk measures were evaluated in this study, conducted February–December 2016. The efficacy of Bularafa diatomaceous earth (DE), Piper guineense (Botanical), PICS bags, ZeroFly® bags and permethrin (Rambo™) in preserving maize quality in Nigerian markets was assessed. A sixth treatment comprised maize in untreated polypropylene bags. Study locations were in four markets in Ibadan, Ilorin and Oyo towns. Each market had a storehouse, which contained experimental 100-kg bags. In each storehouse, each technology had six bags, which were all sampled monthly except in PICS treatment where six bags were destructively sampled every four months. Data taken in February) and December) showed that quality of maize in PICS bags was best having the lowest percentage of insect damaged kernels, numerical based (%IDKNB), — 0.01 ± 0.01and 0.02 ± 0.01; %IDKWB— weight based were 0.00 ± 0.00 and 0.00 ± 0.00); % weight loss (0.01 ± 0.01; 0.01 ± 0.01), % number of discolored maize (0.02 ± 0.01; 0.01 ± 0.01) and % seed germination (96.77 ± 0.53; 98.37 ± 0.35) respectively. Treated and untreated maize had mean aflatoxin levels below limit of detection of 5 ppb in February and December (0.47 and 1.66), respectively and their proximate composition were within ranges reported in literature. By December, untreated maize had the highest %IDKNB (1.42 ± 0.22), %IDKWB (1.07 ± 0.18), % weight loss (0.36 ± 0.07) and lowest % seed germination (88.09 ± 0.98) when compared to the evaluated storage technologies Therefore, these five technologies can be incorporated in integrated management of storage insect pests in storehouses.Maize needs to be stored using good and safe postharvest management measures that will maintain the quality as at harvest. Insects and moisture must be controlled in storage to ensure quality and methods to achieve this, such as the use of reduced-risk measures were evaluated in this study, conducted February–December 2016. The efficacy of Bularafa diatomaceous earth (DE), Piper guineense (Botanical), PICS bags, ZeroFly® bags and permethrin (Rambo™) in preserving maize quality in Nigerian markets was assessed. A sixth treatment comprised maize in untreated polypropylene bags. Study locations were in four markets in Ibadan, Ilorin and Oyo towns. Each market had a storehouse, which contained experimental 100-kg bags. In each storehouse, each technology had six bags, which were all sampled monthly except in PICS treatment where six bags were destructively sampled every four months. Data taken in February) and December) showed that quality of maize in PICS bags was best having the lowest percentage of insect damaged kernels, numerical based (%IDKNB), — 0.01 ± 0.01and 0.02 ± 0.01; %IDKWB— weight based were 0.00 ± 0.00 and 0.00 ± 0.00); % weight loss (0.01 ± 0.01; 0.01 ± 0.01), % number of discolored maize (0.02 ± 0.01; 0.01 ± 0.01) and % seed germination (96.77 ± 0.53; 98.37 ± 0.35) respectively. Treated and untreated maize had mean aflatoxin levels below limit of detection of 5 ppb in February and December (0.47 and 1.66), respectively and their proximate composition were within ranges reported in literature. By December, untreated maize had the highest %IDKNB (1.42 ± 0.22), %IDKWB (1.07 ± 0.18), % weight loss (0.36 ± 0.07) and lowest % seed germination (88.09 ± 0.98) when compared to the evaluated storage technologies Therefore, these five technologies can be incorporated in integrated management of storage insect pests in storehouses
On-farm comparison of different postharvest storage technologies for effectiveness in pest management in a maize farming system of Tanzania Central Corridor: Presentation
Get PDFSeven methods for storing maize were compared with traditional practice of storing maize in polypropylene bags. Twenty farmers managed the experiment under their prevailing conditions for 30 weeks. Stored grain was assessed for damage every six weeks. The dominant storage insect pests identified were the Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) and the Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum). There was no significant difference (F = 87.09; P < 0.0001) in insect control and grain damage between hermetic storage and fumigation with insecticides. However, the insecticide treated polypropylene yarn (ZeroFly®) did not control insect infestation of grain for the experimental period under farmers’ management. Grain damage was significantly lower in hermetic storage and fumigated grain than ZeroFly® and polypropylene bags without fumigation. No significant difference in grain damage was found between airtight treatment alone and when combined with the use of insecticides. During storage, S. zeamais was predominant and could be of more economic importance than T. castaneum as far as maize damage is concerned. Even though ZeroFly®, and polypropylene bags without grain treatment did not control storage pests, farmers still prefered this cheap technology. Hermetic storage techniques can be recommended to farmers without the use of insecticides provided they are inexpensive, and the proper application of technologies is ensured.Seven methods for storing maize were compared with traditional practice of storing maize in polypropylene bags. Twenty farmers managed the experiment under their prevailing conditions for 30 weeks. Stored grain was assessed for damage every six weeks. The dominant storage insect pests identified were the Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) and the Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum). There was no significant difference (F = 87.09; P < 0.0001) in insect control and grain damage between hermetic storage and fumigation with insecticides. However, the insecticide treated polypropylene yarn (ZeroFly®) did not control insect infestation of grain for the experimental period under farmers’ management. Grain damage was significantly lower in hermetic storage and fumigated grain than ZeroFly® and polypropylene bags without fumigation. No significant difference in grain damage was found between airtight treatment alone and when combined with the use of insecticides. During storage, S. zeamais was predominant and could be of more economic importance than T. castaneum as far as maize damage is concerned. Even though ZeroFly®, and polypropylene bags without grain treatment did not control storage pests, farmers still prefered this cheap technology. Hermetic storage techniques can be recommended to farmers without the use of insecticides provided they are inexpensive, and the proper application of technologies is ensured
Quality and mycotoxin contamination of maize stored in air-tight containers in rural farm stores: data from two semi-arid zones in Kenya and Tanzania: Presentation
Get PDFInsecticidal and larvicidal activities of cinamic acid esters isolated from Ocimum gratissimum L. and Vitallaria paradoxa leaves against Tribolium castaneum Hebst (Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae): Poster
Get PDFStar Wars in food stores – automated detection, determination and laser elimination of insect pests: Presentation
No full textIn a project supported by funds of the German government (PT BLE), we test a mobile camera system, scanning surfaces in storage warehouses or food processing industry. If insects are detected they are compared with morphological data in store to decide if the detected individual is a target pest. In case a target pest is determined with high probability, a laser beam is directed to the target to eliminate the insect by heat. The concept is to develop a system that is able to learn and identify more and more different species over time. First aims of the project are to improve reliability of species detection and identification in contrast to the grain with different light spectra and camera parameters. Reaction tests under different light conditions of the two exemplary insects grain weevil Sitophilus granarius (Col., Curculionidae) and Indianmeal moth Plodia interpunctella (Lepid., Pyralidae) will be carried out. Further the project will investigate laser beam wavelengths and intensities not damaging surfaces and items beneath or next to targets. The system could be utilized to support IPM in well-sealed structures for storage or processing of food and feed stuffs.In a project supported by funds of the German government (PT BLE), we test a mobile camera system, scanning surfaces in storage warehouses or food processing industry. If insects are detected they are compared with morphological data in store to decide if the detected individual is a target pest. In case a target pest is determined with high probability, a laser beam is directed to the target to eliminate the insect by heat. The concept is to develop a system that is able to learn and identify more and more different species over time. First aims of the project are to improve reliability of species detection and identification in contrast to the grain with different light spectra and camera parameters. Reaction tests under different light conditions of the two exemplary insects grain weevil Sitophilus granarius (Col., Curculionidae) and Indianmeal moth Plodia interpunctella (Lepid., Pyralidae) will be carried out. Further the project will investigate laser beam wavelengths and intensities not damaging surfaces and items beneath or next to targets. The system could be utilized to support IPM in well-sealed structures for storage or processing of food and feed stuffs
Web-based phosphine fumigation monitoring with active sensor validation confirms lethality in stored grains: Presentation
Get PDFThe predominant measurement technologies for fumigation gases over the past 60 years include colorimetric tubes, photoionization detectors, and electrochemical sensors. Their limitations and inaccuracies are well documented. Spectros Instruments has shown non-dispersive infrared monitoring (NDIR) to be a superior analytical tool for the practical measurement of fumigation gases as shown in Table 1. Any compliant fumigation monitor must be accurate, reliable and affordable. Stored Product Protection has additional requirements in remote regions such as Central China and Western Australia. In these cases, the value of real time access via the internet to fumigation data collected with NDIR Technology from a remote location adds heretofore unknown benefits. Allocation of manpower and materials resources are optimized by access to information about fumigant gas levels in grain storages via the internet. Data is automatically transferred to a central database that can be accessed in real-time from any location with internet access. Intelligent monitors with built-in diagnostics tracking barometric pressure, temperature, sample flows and detector voltages are described. This data collection, data warehousing and reporting platform maintains measurement traceability to certified compliance with secure, encrypted electronic notebook format. Knowing REAL phosphine concentrations allows informed decisions to be made to achieve required CxT and avoid situations leading to target pest phosphine resistance.The predominant measurement technologies for fumigation gases over the past 60 years include colorimetric tubes, photoionization detectors, and electrochemical sensors. Their limitations and inaccuracies are well documented. Spectros Instruments has shown non-dispersive infrared monitoring (NDIR) to be a superior analytical tool for the practical measurement of fumigation gases as shown in Table 1. Any compliant fumigation monitor must be accurate, reliable and affordable. Stored Product Protection has additional requirements in remote regions such as Central China and Western Australia. In these cases, the value of real time access via the internet to fumigation data collected with NDIR Technology from a remote location adds heretofore unknown benefits. Allocation of manpower and materials resources are optimized by access to information about fumigant gas levels in grain storages via the internet. Data is automatically transferred to a central database that can be accessed in real-time from any location with internet access. Intelligent monitors with built-in diagnostics tracking barometric pressure, temperature, sample flows and detector voltages are described. This data collection, data warehousing and reporting platform maintains measurement traceability to certified compliance with secure, encrypted electronic notebook format. Knowing REAL phosphine concentrations allows informed decisions to be made to achieve required CxT and avoid situations leading to target pest phosphine resistance
Co-fumigation with phosphine and sulfuryl fluoride: Potential for managing strongly phosphine-resistant rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens): Presentation
Get PDFPopulations of rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, have developed a very high level of resistance (1300×) to the fumigant phosphine (PH3) in Australia. Resistant insects triggered control failures, threatening the country’s annual grain market worth AU8 billion. Although PH3 protocols were amended to manage this new resistance, fumigation requires lengthy exposure periods which has practical difficulties. While there is no suitable replacement for PH3, the current study explores potential approaches to enhance the efficacy of this fumigant. One possibility is co-fumigation of PH3 with another complementary fumigant, sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2 or SF), with the dual goals: enhanced efficacy and minimise use of both fumigants. A cohort of mixed age eggs and adults of PH3-resistant C. ferrugineus was fumigated with PH3 and SF individually, as well as in combination inside desiccators at 25°C and 60%RH for 168 h. Two doses below the maximal registered rates for SF (8.9 mg L- 1, equivalent to 1500 g hm-3) and PH3 (1.0 mg L-1) were tested. Co-fumigation was performed simultaneously for 168 h. Our results revealed that, the mixture of 1.1 mg L-1 or 2.2 mg L-1 of SF and 0.5 mg L-1 of PH3 over 168 h achieved complete control against resistant C. ferrugineus eggs and adults, whereas each of the tested doses failed individually. Our study confirms that SF and PH3 enhance the efficacy of each other when used in combination, which holds great potential for managing resistant C. ferrugineus