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Sustainable development of a multifunctional community garden: Implementation of the Ludwigsgarten Braunschweig
Full text linkVon Unternehmen privat organisierte Gemeinschaftsgärten können von großem Wert für die Nachhaltigkeit des Unternehmens selbst und darüber hinaus für das Quartier sein, in dem sie gelegen sind. Am Beispiel des Ludwigsgartens Braunschweig stellen wir seine Implementierungsphase dar, die nach den ESG Zielen (Environmental, Social, Governance Goals) des Unternehmens ausgerichtet wurde und die Ökosystemleistungen des Gartens als Basis für die spätere Formulierung einer Nachhaltigkeitsstrategie nutzt. Die Ökosystemleistungen resultieren in der Multifunktionalität des Gartens, die hier mit leicht zu erfassenden, klar definierten Indikatoren bestimmt wird. Sie sollen zukünftig auch in der Etablierungsphase des Gartens die Wirkung des Gartens in das Quartier hinein belegen und helfen, das Modell des Ludwigsgartens auf andere Gärten und Gartengründungen zu übertragen.Company-organized community gardens can be of great value for the sustainability of the company itself and beyond that, for the neighborhood in which they are located. Using the example of the Ludwigsgarten in Braunschweig, we present its implementation phase, which was aligned with the company\u27s ESG goals (Environmental, Social, Governance Goals) and uses the garden\u27s ecosystem services as the basis for the later formulation of a sustainability strategy. The ecosystem services result in the garden\u27s multifunctionality, which is determined here with easily measurable, clearly defined indicators. These indicators are intended to demonstrate the garden\u27s impact on the neighborhood during its establishment phase and to help transfer the Ludwigsgarten model to other gardens and garden foundations
Research and breeding under supervision – challenges for quarantine material
Full text linkDas Einschleppen, Verbringen, Halten, Vermehren und Freisetzen von Quarantäneschadorganismen ist grundsätzlich verboten. Anforderungen wie Einfuhrverbote gibt es zudem für Pflanzen, Pflanzenerzeugnisse und sonstige Gegenstände, die phytosanitären Regelungen unterliegen. Forschungsarbeiten, Versuche und Züchtung mit quarantänerelevantem Material sind deshalb nur unter Einhaltung von Quarantäneauflagen nach Genehmigung durch den zuständigen Pflanzenschutzdienst möglich. Im Artikel werden die rechtlichen Vorgaben und erforderlichen Verfahren näher erläutert und über Ausnahmegenehmigungen im Jahr 2023 berichtet.Introduction, movement, holding, multiplication and release of Union quarantine pests is generally prohibited. In addition, there are requirements for plants, plant products and other objects that are subject to phytosanitary regulations such as import prohibitions. Research work, trials and breeding with quarantine-relevant material is therefore only possible in compliance with quarantine requirements after authorization by the responsible plant protection service. The article details these legal requirements and necessary procedures and reports on authorizations in 2023
Genetic characterization and identification of the table grape accessions preserved in the living collection of Ain Taoujdate (Morocco)
Full text linkWe have characterized the 60 table grape accessions preserved at the living collection of the Domaine Expérimental de Ain Taoujdate (Morocco) through DNA analyses. Genetic profiling based on 13 SSRs and 240 SNP markers identified up to 40 different genotypes, denoting a certain level of redundancy. This information was useful to detect many cases of misspelled accessions, some misnamed varieties, and several potential new synonymies. The comparison of these genetic profiles with international databases led to the identification of 58 accessions as 38 table grape varieties, half of them corresponding to obtentions bred in recent programs of table grape improvement. Only two accessions (named “Diamant Noir” and “Sultanine Rosée”) did not match any known genetic profile. We found that “Sultanine Rosée” does not correspond to ‘Kishmish Rozovyi’, the described pink-berried variant of ‘Sultanina’. Indeed, it turned out to be a grape variety not catalogued in international genetic databases that arose from the cross between ‘Sultanina’ and ‘Fokiano’, which we suggest to name ‘Sultanine Rose Faux’. Besides, the duo detected between the accession “Diamant Noir” and the variety ‘Moscato D’Adda’ suggests that it might correspond to the table grape variety named ‘Diamante Nero’ (‘Pirovano 57’ × ‘Moscato D’Adda’). We proved that molecular-assisted parentage analyses could be an efficient approach to suggest an identity for grapevine varieties that lack a matching genotype in international catalogues
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Hyssopus cuspidatus Boriss. and analysis of phylogenetic relationships
Full text linkHyssopus cuspidatus is a member of the Lamiaceae family, members of which are often used to treat cough and asthma by the Uigurs. However, the Hyssopus genus has a limited number of known chloroplast genomes, making it difficult to compare species within the genus and to classify species within and outside the genus accurately. The introduction of the chloroplast genome method would therefore help improve the classification of the Hyssopus genus. This report presents the complete chloroplast sequences of Hyssopus cuspidatus. The chloroplast genome of H. cuspidatus is 149,678 bp long and contains 129 genes, including 85 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. We identified 46 single sequence repeats (SSRs), most of which were mononucleotide adenine–thymine. The analysis of the repeat sequences, codon usage, and comparison of chloroplast genomes showed a high degree of conservation. The plastid genomes exhibited a typical quartile structure. Four hypervariable regions were identified: accD–psal, psbZ–trnG–GCC, trnH–GUG–psbA, and atpH–atpI. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Hyssopus genus was closely related to the adjacent genus Dracocephalum. Our research conducted a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of the Hyssopus genus and provided a detailed comparison of the differences between species within and outside of this genus. Through IR comparison, phylogenetic analysis, and variation region analysis, we discovered a close relationship between the genera Hyssopus and Dracocephalum and propose a new perspective on the phylogenetic classification of H. cuspidatus. These findings will support the continued identification, classification, and evolutionary analysis of this genus
Annual germination cycle of salep orchid (Anacamptis sancta L.) and adaptation to outdoor conditions
Full text linkOrchids have an important place in plant biodiversity. Although many orchid species are endangered, millions of tubers are removed and destroyed every year. Anacamptis sancta is one of the most widespread and most collected species. Since orchid seeds do not have endosperms, their reproduction rate in nature is low. It can be germinated asymbiotically in the laboratory environment, but the critical stage in this process is the acclimatisation of the plants from the in vitro growing media to the outdoor conditions. Seedlings that cannot establish mycorrhizal relationships in the transferred growing media die. Studies on acclimatisation of salep orchids to the outdoor environment are quite limited. In this study, the germination cycle of Anacamptis sancta was determined by sowing seeds in monthly intervals into asymbiotic growing media, and adaptation studies were carried out by transferring the seedlings to different growing environments. Starting from May, seeds were sown on modified Knudson C (KC) medium between the 15th and 20th of each month. The seedlings, which reached the transplant size after approximately five months, were transplanted to three different growing media consisting of peat, peat/perlite (3/1) and soil. In this study, which was repeated every month, 300 seedlings were transplanted into each growing media in three replicates, and a total of 900 seedlings were transplanted into three growing media. As a result, germination percent-ages in all months were higher than the reported studies. Besides, for the first-time direct transfer of orchid transplantation from laboratory to field was carried out and statistically the most successful results in outdoor adaptation were obtained from the seedlings transferred to the peat in August
Impact of postharvest osmodehydration treatments and drying processes on the nutritional quality, bioactive compounds and preservation of leaf amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus)
Full text linkAmaranth leaves are rich in micronutrients and health-promoting secondary metabolites, but highly perishable. The effect of osmodehydration and drying on nutritional quality, health-promoting compounds and their postharvest preservation in Amaranthuscruentus leaves was investigated. The experimental set up consisted of four treatment variants with different levels of osmotic solution (NaCl) concentration, temperature and immersion time, i.e.; variant 1 (2.5%, 20 °C, 60 min), variant 2 (10%, 20°C, 60 min), variant 3 (10%, 40°C, 60 min), and variant 4 (10%, 40°C, 180 min). Osmodehydrated leaves were oven-dried at 30°C or 60°C, freeze-dried or stored at ambient temperature for 3 days, with non-osmodehydrated leaves as control. Results showed that proteins,minerals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn), carotenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids were preserved in osmodehydrated leaves with no significant changes, except proteins in freeze-dried and a significantly decreased chlorophyll content in both freeze- and oven-dried leaves of variant 4, corresponding to higher osmotic solution concentration, temperature and longer immersion time. During shelf-life, most nutrients and secondary metabolites were maintained with no significant changes, except protein that significantly increased while ascorbic acid and chlorophylls in both osmodehydrated and control leaves significantly decreased. Lower-temperature and shorter-time immersion resulted in better quality preservation
Investigation of the risk potential of Pleurotus ostreatus and Flammulina velutipes within the horse chestnut complex disease
Full text linkAuslöser für die Rosskastanien-Komplexkrankheit ist das Bakterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi. Als Folgeerscheinung wird ein rascher Holzabbau durch den Austernseitling (Pleurotus ostreatus) und den Samtfußrübling (Flammulina velutipes) beobachtet. Vor Auftreten der Komplexerkrankung wurde beiden Pilzen nur ein geringes Holzzersetzungsvermögen zugesprochen. Um das Gefahrenpotential dieser Pilze innerhalb der Komplexkrankheit zu untersuchen, wurden zwei in vitro Versuchsreihen mit Mono-, Dual- und Multiplexkulturen durchgeführt. In der ersten Versuchsreihe wurde anhand der Messung des radialen Mycelwachstums der Einfluss der Basidiomyceten aufeinander sowie der Einfluss des Bakteriums auf das Wachstum der Basidiomyceten untersucht. Die zweite Versuchsreihe diente der Untersuchung des Holzabbauverhaltens der Pilze in Mono- und Dualkultur.Die Versuchsergebnisse zeigen, dass unter Beteiligung des Bakteriums P. syringae pv. aesculi von F. velutipes ein größeres Gefahrenpotential ausgeht als von P. ostreatus. Das Gefahrenpotential von F. velutipes steigert sich offenbar durch den synergistischen Effekt des Neobionts P. syringae pv. aesculi auf das Mycelwachstum, so dass der Pilz erst durch die Anwesenheit des Bakteriums zu einem Problem bei der Bewertung der Verkehrssicherheit der Gattung Aesculus wird.The horse chestnut complex disease is caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi. As a consequence, rapid wood decomposition is observed due to the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) and the velvet toadstool (Flammulina velutipes). In order to investigate the risk potential of the following organisms for the tree, the oyster mushroom (P. ostreatus) and the velvet foot fungus (F. velutipes), two series of in vitro tests were carried out with mono, dual and multiplex cultures. In the first series of experiments, the influence of the basidiomycetes on each other and the influence of the bacterium on the basidiomycetes was analysed by measuring radial mycelial growth. The second series of experiments were used to investigate the wood decomposition behaviour of the fungi in mono and dual culture.The test results show that F. velutipes poses a greater potential risk than P. ostreatus when the bacterium P. syringae pv. aesculi is involved. The hazard potential of F. velutipes is apparently increased by the synergistic effect of the neobiont Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi on mycelial growth, so that the fungus only becomes a problem for trees of the genus Aesculus and in the assessment of traffic safety due to the presence of the bacterium
Wild grapevines of Georgia and their relationship with local cultivars: a Bayesian analysis of seed morphology
Full text linkThe wild grapevines of Georgia and the South Caucasus in general are of great interest because of their relationship to the history of grapevine cultivation. Grape seeds provide information of interest about the characteristics and origin of the plant that produces them. The use of classical morphometric techniques, together with the use of combined domestication indices, multivariate analysis and Bayesian inference, applied to the study of grape seeds, have made it possible to detect a high level of domestication in the wild populations analyzed, possibly due to the presence of feral individuals and others of hybrid origin. This may pose a problem for the conservation of local autochthonous populations of wild grapevine and at the same time makes these mixed populations a reservoir of genes of interest for the improvement of cultivated grapevine or the recovery of ancient varieties nowadays predisposed in cultivation