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Shusaku Endo and Setagaya (3) : The Birth of The Sea and Poison
Get PDFShusaku Endo’s The Sea and Poison, published in three installments in 1957 (Showa 32), won two literary prizes and is considered to have established Endo’s position in the literary world. Although not much has been said about it, Setagaya played a major role in the creation of this work. Its influence even extended to the direction his later writing was to take.
In December 1956, at Kyodo in Setagaya, Shotaro Yasuoka told Endo that he “intend to write a full-length novel next year.” This inspired Endo to start writing. Endo knew that behind Yasuoka’s statement was his determination to shed the low evaluation he had received as one of The Third Wave of New Writers (Daisan no Shinjin).
Another Setagaya connection is that the prologue to The Sea and Poison is set in Matsubara, Setagaya. The flat land and horizontal relationships between people in Matsubara are contrasted with the hierarchical world of the Kyushu University School of Medicine, where the vivisection incident in the novel takes place. The everyday life of Nishimatsubara depicted in this story is the origin of Endo’s subsequent works, and I have verified that God (Douhan-sha) exists as a companion in everyday life.departmental bulletin pape
Book Review HIRAI Kazuko Women Under the Occupation: Sexual Violence, Prostitution, and “Fraternization” in Japan and Manchuria
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【Winner’s Special Contribution】 Sociology of the Intimate and Public Spheres : Beyond the 20th-century Care Regime
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Consideration of the Managerial Functions Expected to Promote Women's Diversity Promotion －Are Management Positions Unattractive?－
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Cultivating Equation Structure Comprehension: A Lesson Study on Circumference in Elementary School Mathematics
Get PDFThis study empirically clarified the developmental process of “Equation Structure Comprehension Ability” in elementary school mathematics, redefining Matsuo’s （2006） framework. We propose the concept of a comprehensive cognitive ability, comprising “Equation Interpretation Ability,” “Equation Transformation Ability,” and the newly introduced “Equation Integration Ability”. Through a lesson on circumference with 32 sixth-grade students, we qualitatively analyzed student utterances. Results revealed a phased development of abilities: an “Equation Interpretation dominant phase,” an “Equation Transformation emergence phase,” and an “Equation Integration achievement phase”. Student-led numerical settings and structural dialogue were identified as crucial instructional strategies fostering these cognitive shifts. This research contributes to systematizing pedagogical approaches that promote a deeper structural understanding of mathematical expressions, moving beyond mere computational skills.departmental bulletin pape
〔論文〕The Use of Maybe by Japanese Speakers of English across Monologic Task Types at Different Speaking Proficiency Levels
Get PDFThis paper investigates the use of maybe spoken by Japanese users of English in a speaking test across monologic task types at three different levels of speaking proficiency. Maybe, one of the hedging expressions occurring in the transcripts amassed in the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology Japanese Learner English (NICT JLE) Corpus, is analysed. The pragmatic functions of maybe, and how it helps speakers to construct discourse, are examined. The findings reveal that the highest frequency of maybe is in the task of description at all three proficiency levels, especially at the intermediate level. It is further shown that two functions of maybe are to serve as a filler for speech production and as a face-saving device. These two functions are integral to the test task in which the examiner and examinee share background information, for which the examinee employs strategies to manage the discourse and to achieve the goal of the speaking test. The findings will help teachers and examiners to interpret their learners’ or examinees’ intentions.departmental bulletin pape
The Arrival of the Qing Warship Hai’an in Japan
Get PDFBetween March and April 1877 （the tenth year of the Meiji era）, the Qing warship Hai’an docked in Japan for “navigation practice.” This coincided with the outbreak of the Satsuma Rebellion, the last and largest civil war in Japan. This paper examines how the Japanese perceived the arrival of the Hai’an, as well as how the crew of the Hai’an viewed the Satsuma Rebellion. By referencing historical documents and newspaper reports, this study aims to reconstruct the circumstances surrounding the Hai’an’s visit to Japan and analyze these key issues. As an often overlooked aspect of modern Sino-Japanese relations, this paper seeks to offer a new perspective on the Hai’an’s first visit to Japan.departmental bulletin pape