Central Food Technological Research Institute
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Genomic analysis in the colon tissues of omega-3 fatty acid-treated rats identifies novel gene signatures implicated in ulcerative colitis.
No full textSeveral long-term intervention trials only studied the ex vivo immunological function to elucidate the beneficial
mechanisms of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the ulcerative colitis (UC). An unbiased wholetranscriptome
analysis would be more valuable to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the processes and
genes regulated by n-3 PUFA in vivo. In this study, we have performed microarray analysis in the colon tissues of
dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC in rats supplemented with n-6 PUFA, n-3PUFA and long-chain n-
3PUFA (LC-n3PUFA). We have identified the novel gene signatures previously not linked to colitis such as Etv3,
Clec4d, CD180, CD72, Megf11, and Angptl4 which are most downregulated in both n-3PUFA and LC-n3PUFA
groups compared to the n-6PUFA group. The most upregulated genes were Nr1i3, Nptx2, and Zfp810 in both
n-3PUFA and LC-n3PUFA groups. The RT-PCR analysis confirmed similar results. Interestingly, LPS treatment in
macrophages upregulated the Megf11, Etv3, CD180, and Angptl4, and correlated with increased secretion of
cytokines. Gene silencing of Etv3, Megf11, and CD180 in rats using intravascular delivery of siRNA-lipoparticles
attenuated the DSS-induced ulceration and mucosal damage. Thus, our genome-wide microarray analysis
identified novel genes regulated by omega-3 PUFA and offers new drug targets that could prevent or reduce UC
Physicochemical comparison of chitin characteristics in three major stored-product beetle pests: Implications for biofumigant toxicity.
No full textThe present study investigates the chitin properties of stored-product insect pests and their association with the
fumigant toxicity of garlic essential oil. Chitin isolates of Callosobruchus maculatus, Sitophilus oryzae, and Tribolium
castaneum adults were characterized using FT-IR, XRD, EA, SEM-EDS, and NMR techniques. Fumigant
toxicity assay was performed under airtight condition in glass vial. The S. oryzae contains highest chitin content
(19 %), followed by T. castaneum (10 %) and C. maculatus (8 %). The degree of crystallinity was lower in
C. maculatus (67.13 %) than in S. oryzae (77.05 %) and T. castaneum (76.56 %). Morphologically, C. maculatus
chitin displayed a flat lamellar surface with pores, while S. oryzae and T. castaneum exhibited densely arranged
microfibrils based surfaces. Fumigant toxicity assays revealed varied susceptibility levels, C. maculatus exhibited
higher susceptibility (0.27 μL/L air of LC50) compared to S. oryzae and T. castaneum (14.35 and 3.74 μL/L air of
LC50, respectively) to garlic essential oil. The higher chitin content, greater crystallinity, and densely arranged
structures in S. oryzae might contribute to its tolerance towards fumigant. Additionally, physico-chemical
properties and penetration potentiality of the bioactive constituents might be linked to the toxicity in insects.
Understanding these relations can enrich knowledge of chitin's role in fumigant toxicity mechanism
Extraction optimization, partial purification, and characterization of sialoglycoproteins from Labeo rohita roes.
No full textIn India, fish roes are generally considered worthless garbage and disposed of without recovering the valuable
molecules, creating environmental and disposal problems. The present investigation aimed to optimize the
extraction conditions, partial purification, and characterization of sialoglycoproteins (RRSGP) from Labeo rohita
(rohu) roes. RSM generated optimum conditions for maximum RRSGP (70.49 %) extraction, which were 1.25 M
NaCl, 1:32.5(w/v) solid-to-liquid ratio, 47.5 ◦C temperature, and 3 h time. Further, sialoglycoproteins from
RRSGPs were partially purified, and result revealed that obtained peak-1 (PRRSGP) using QFF anion exchange
chromatography exhibited higher glycoprotein and sialic acid content (p < 0.05). SDS-PAGE pattern of PRRSGP
presented dominant bands of 97 kDa and 27 kDa glycoproteins. FTIR spectrum of PRRSGP confirmed the
presence of glycated proteins. HPLC analysis revealed that PRRSGP consists of Neu5Ac. Furthermore, β-elimination
reaction elucidated that PRRSGP contained N-glycosidic linkage. PRRSGP exhibited tyrosine and glutamate
as primary amino acids. Glycan part of PRRSGP presented mannose and N-acetyl galactosamine as
dominant neutral and amino sugar, respectively. Furthermore, PRRSGP exhibited antioxidant activity with EC50
value for DPPH (8.79 mg/ml) and ABTS (2.21 mg/ml). Besides, RRSGP displayed better protein solubility,
foaming, and emulsion properties. Therefore, rohu roes are potential source of sialoglycoproteins that can be
recovered and used as bio-functional ingredients in food and nutraceutical applications
Valorization and the potential use of garlic (Allium sativum L.) skin in food industries.
No full textGarlic (Allium sativum L.) is a common culinary component because of its medicinal properties. However, the
industry often discards garlic skin, which constitutes about 20–30 % of the total production. Garlic skin (GS) is a
good source of phytochemicals and therapeutic compounds. Many cultures have recognized the health benefits of
GS in preventing and treating illnesses. This review article highlights the main bioactive components of GS,
including total flavonoids, total phenolics, and their derivatives, which may help regulate blood sugar, reduce
cardiovascular disease risk, and offer anti-viral, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antimicrobial
properties. Based on current knowledge, GS is a valuable agricultural waste since it has a variety of biologically
active ingredients. It can be used as a natural preservative in food products, particularly in the wheat flour (WF)
industry, enhancing microbiological stability due to the antibacterial properties of garlic components like allicin.
Incorporating GS into WF improves the nutritional value and flavor of the resulting flour-based food products,
positively affecting the digestive system and antioxidant levels. This approach offers a unique blend of taste,
nutrition, and health benefits
A site-specific phosphorylation in FSTL1 determines its promigratory role in wound healing.
No full textFollistatin like-1 (FSTL-1) is a secreted glycoprotein of mesenchymal in origin. In human skin, FSTL1 is
upregulated in the epidermal keratinocytes upon acute injury and is required for the migration of keratinocytes.
Failure to upregulate FSTL1 leads to the lack of keratinocyte migration and the non-healing
nature of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). FSTL1 undergoes extensive post-translational modification (PTM)
at specific residues. Glycosylation at N144, N175 and N180, are the only experimentally demonstrated
PTM in FSTL1, wherein, N180 and N144 glycosylations have been found to be critical for its function in
cardiac tissue regeneration and pre-adipocyte differentiation, respectively. However, it is not known if
PTMs other than glycosylation occurs in FSTL1 and how it impacts its pro-migratory function. Using insilico
analysis of mass spectrometric datasets, we found a novel PTM, namely, Serine 165 (S165) phosphorylation
in FSTL1. To address the role of S165 phosphorylation in its pro-migratory function, a
phosphorylation defective mutant of FSTL1 (S165A) was constructed by converting serine 165 to alanine
and over expressed in 293T cells. S165A mutation did not affect the secretion of FSTL1 in vitro. However,
S165A abolished the pro-migratory effect of FSTL1 in cultured keratinocytes likely via its inability to
facilitate ERK signaling pathway. Interestingly, bacterially expressed recombinant FSTL1, trans-dominantly
inhibited wound closure in keratinocytes highlighting the prime role of FSTL1 phosphorylation for
its pro-migratory function. Further, under high glucose conditions, which inhibited scratchwound
migration of keratinocytes, we noticed a significant decrease in S165 phosphorylation. Taken together,
our results reveal a hitherto unreported role of FSTL1 phosphorylation PTM with profound implications
in wound healing
Analysis of quinoa roller millstreams: Physical, chemical, and functional properties.
No full textThe objective of present study is to assess the performance of roller milling on quinoa grains, aiming to produce
distinct mill stream fractions from perisperm and evaluate its composition and functionalities. During the roller
milling process, quinoa yielded three break and three reduction flour streams, as well as coarse bran, fine bran,
and germ. Among flour streams, C1 accounted for 49.61% while C2 represented 23.62% of total straight run flour
(SRF). Notably, quinoa flour streams exhibited brighter colour and finer granulation similar to wheat flour.
Content of ash, protein, and fat increased with successive break flour streams (B1 to B3), displaying a similar
trend for reduction flour streams (C1 to C3). Starch damage was higher for last reduction flour streams. Roller
milling of quinoa resulted in distinct flour streams from the perisperm, showing physical properties similar to
wheat flour. These mill streams varied in yield, nutritional properties, and flour functionalities
Multi-instrument spectroscopic study for authentication of curcumin content in commercial turmeric powders using machine learning algorithms.
No full textAdulteration during processing of turmeric powder not only causes health risks for the consumers but also affects
its quality. There is a need for rapid and non-invasive analysis of its active ingredient, curcumin, during the
supply-chain. In the present study a total six IR instruments ranging from hand-held (NIR), portable (NIR) and
standalone (FTNIR and FTIR) were used to obtain spectral data of 160 different turmeric samples. The curcumin
content quantified using HPLC procedure was used as the response variable for analytical model using machine
learning tools. Real coded genetic algorithm (RCGA) as the variable selection procedure provided most critical
variables in the sets of 10, 20, 30 and 40 variables. Sensitivity analysis has revealed the most critical fingerprint
(s) in authenticating curcumin across all the instruments. The hand-held (NIR) device with only 20 spectral
variables resulted in 93 % accuracy using SVM classifier, and RP (regression co-efficient of prediction) values of
0.970 and 0.997 using RF and XGBoost, respectively. In case of FTNIR and FTIR instruments 100 % classification
accuracy was achieved using SVM, whereas RF and XGBoost resulted in RP values greater than 0.93. This study
enables classification and quantification of curcumin content in commercial turmeric powders using nondestructive
methodology
Technology processing strategies to reduce the Acrylamide formation in wheat-based bakery products and future prospects: A review.
No full textBackground: Acrylamide (AA) is a hazardous chemical in various foods, including wheat-based products
consumed globally. As AA has been linked to toxicity, reducing its levels in bread and other popular foods is
crucial for risk management and safeguarding human health. Recent advancements in science and technology
present an opportunity to collaborate and test novel ideas to address this issue on an industrial scale. Developing
new concepts and mitigation processes for reducing AA concentration is necessary for food sectors.
Scope and approach: Previous research has explored strategies such as thermal processing, additives, and
ingredient replacements to control AA formation in baked products. However, these approaches have resulted in
nutritional and sensory changes in the final products. This review paper proposes a new concept for reducing AA
levels in wheat products by implementing milling processing interventions during flour production. Techniques
like milling intervention, flour fraction selection and blending, hybrid techniques, and particle size distribution
adjustment can be explored to minimize AA formation while maintaining the nutritional, physical, and sensory
qualities of baked/fried foods. This method can be implemented on a large scale in the wheat milling and baking
industries.
Key findings and conclusions: This report indicates that milling intervention strategies offer significant advantages
over previous methods. This approach provides insights into processing applications that can be used to develop
specialty flours specifically designed to minimize AA formation during further product processing. Developed
specialty flours can contribute to lower AA levels in various baking/frying product industries
Design and construction of a continuous industrial scale cold plasma equipment for fresh produce industry.
No full textThis study presents the design, construction, and evaluation of a novel continuous industrial-scale cold plasma
system optimized for the treatment of fresh produce. The system integrates multiple plasma modules with a
multipin-to-plate discharge configuration, ensuring efficient generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
at relatively low voltages. The cold plasma modules are combined with a conveyor mechanism, allowing for
continuous, uniform exposure of irregularly shaped food items, such as tomatoes, to reactive plasma species.
Notably, the system operates using ambient air, and incorporates modularity for easy scalability, making it
suitable for both small-scale enterprises and large-scale industrial applications.
Experimental trials on tomatoes demonstrated reductions in microbial load, with the system effectively
enhancing product safety while minimizing power consumption. Moreover, the integration of cold storage
further extended shelf life, although optimization of plasma treatment parameters remains necessary to preserve
bioactive compounds like lycopene and ascorbic acid. This research fills a critical gap in scaling cold plasma
technology for industrial use, providing a sustainable and energy-efficient solution for food disinfection. The
results highlight the potential of this system to meet industry demands for safe and efficient on-farm and smallscale
enterprise disinfection