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UPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS Phenolic Characterization, Antioxidant Activity, and Proximate Composition of Drum-Dried Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana) Seed Coat- and Endosperm-Rich Fractions
No full textThe finger millet seed coat and endosperm are rich in phytonutrients, and processing these components through
thermal methods can influence their metabolite composition. This study evaluated their phenolic profiles using ultraperformance
liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS), identifying 30
phytochemical compounds, including 17 phenolic acids and 13 flavonoids. Novel compounds such as ellagic acid glucoside and
3-hydroxycoumarin were found in the seed coat, while the endosperm contained 3-hydroxycoumarin, ellagic acid glucoside, and
genistin. Drum drying resulted in the appearance of ferulic acid-4-glucoside quercetin-3-(6′-malonylglucoside) and gallocatechin, but
there was a disappearance of caffeoyl aspartic acid and apigenin-7-glucoside from both seed coat and endosperm extracts. Despite
processing, the catechin content decreased by only 13%. Drum drying decreased the total dietary fiber (TDF) in the seed coat (25%)
but increased it in the endosperm (14%). 2,2′-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity decreased in the seed coat
(30%) but increased in the endosperm (18%). Total antioxidant activity was unaffected. These results suggest that drum-dried finger
millet fractions offer potential as functional foods with enhanced nutritional and antioxidant properties
Guar Gum β-Manno-Oligosaccharides Alleviate Ulcerative Colitis in Mice Models via Gut Microflora Modulation
No full textGut dysbiosis is a key feature in ulcerative colitis, a globally prevalent
subtype of inflammatory bowel disease. Microbiota-directed dietary
supplements can restore the dysbiotic gut and alleviate ulcerative
colitis. We aimed to delineate whether prebiotic guar gum
β-manno-oligosaccharides [GG-β-MOs(i) 500 mg/kg, (ii) 1000 mg/kg]
favors gut microflora and microflora associated characteristics (Macs)
and can prevent dextran sodium sulfate (Dss) induced ulcerative coli-
tis in mice model. Dss challenged adult male c57Bl/6 mice were
used as model for colon inflammation evaluation. Food and water
consumption, disease activity index (Dai), histopathological changes,
cytokines in sera and colonic tissues, microflora associated character-
istics (Macs; post-fermentation metabolites, short-chain fatty acids,
etc.) and gut microflora profiles were studied. We found that GG-β-
MOs successfully attenuated colonic inflammation, reduced inflamma-
tory proteins, improved the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and
promoted the colonization of probiotics like Lactobacillus and
Bifidobacteria. Furthermore, GG-β-MOs enriched beneficial bacteria
viz., Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, Bacillus and Enterococcus showed pos-
itive correlation with anti-inflammatory metabolites like D-mannose,
coprostanol, pentadecane, alpha-linolenic acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic
acid, D-ribose, l-fucose, D-arabinose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, acetate
and butyrate and negative correlation with oxalate, palmitic acid, ara-
chidonic acid and erythritol. Overall, GG-β-MOs supplementation
restored altered gut microflora and metabolome leading to improved
mucosal repair and reduced intestinal inflammation in Dss induced
ulcerative colitis mice model
Enhanced Analysis of Curcuminoids in Turmeric via Selective Homodecoupled 1D 1 H NMR
No full textCurcuminoids, including curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin, are vital for quality control in food, nu-
traceuticals, and pharmaceuticals. Conventional 1D 1 H NMR can face challenges in spectral interpretation when dealing with
overlapping signals and complex coupling patterns, especially in structurally similar compounds like curcuminoids. This study
explores the use of selective homodecoupled 1D 1 H NMR spectroscopy as a complementary technique to enhance spectral res-
olution and facilitate peak assignment in curcuminoid analysis. By collapsing multiplet structures such as doublets observed
in the 6.6- to 6.8-ppm region for vinylic protons into singlets, this method offers improved spectral clarity. Although absolute
quantification still requires deconvolution, the approach aids in more straightforward relative integration and identification of
components within curcuminoid mixtures from turmeric samples. The results demonstrate improved interpretability compared
with conventional 1 H NMR under similar conditions. Comparative analysis with HPLC showed excellent agreement, with stand-
ard deviations under 2% for most samples. The selective homodecoupled 1D 1 H NMR method proved robust and reliable, offering
an effective tool for profiling curcuminoids and potential application to other natural product mixtures
Unraveling the Photoregulatory Mechanisms of Capsaicinoids Biosynthesis and Accumulation of Capsaicinoids in Capsicum annuum In Vitro Cultures
No full textLight is one of the essential environmental factors that significantly influences the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in
plants. To explicate their effect, exposure of monochromatic LED light spectra (yellow, blue, green, red, and white) on the accu-
mulation of capsaicinoids, phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, and regulation of transcriptional changes in capsaicinoids
biosynthesis genes at 24, 48, and 72 h in chili callus cultures was investigated. Blue light significantly increased capsaicin and
dihydrocapsaicin contents by 41.43-fold and 4.36-fold, respectively, compared to white light. Pearson correlation analysis con-
firmed a strong positive correlation between total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity (r > 0.85). Gene expression
analysis revealed that the biosynthetic genes (pAMT, KAS, ACS, ACL, CL, C4H, and CS) were upregulated, and their associated
transcription factors—MYB, ERF, and JERF—showed varied expression, indicating their putative regulatory role in capsaici-
noid biosynthesis under different monochromatic LED conditions. Our findings demonstrate that the targeted monochromatic
LED lights can enhance bioactive compound production in C. annuum callus cultures, providing a favorable strategy for feasible
production of the industrially important compound “capsaicin” on a large scale for pharmaceutical and food applications
Peptide Epitope-Based Avian IgY Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Spike: A Cost Effective Approach for Viral Detection and Neutralization
No full textBackground Peptides offer a rapid, scalable, cost-effective platform for developing targeted diagnostic and therapeutic tools
due to their ease of synthesis, structural versatility, and high specificity. Although the acutephase of the COVID-19 pandemic
has eased, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants continues to be public health concern. In this context, peptide epitope-
based antibodies targeting the viral spike protein remain central to virus detection and neutralization, providing a promising
alternative to traditional protein-based approaches.
Methods and results This study describes a structure-guided, peptide epitope-based strategy to generate polyclonal avian
IgY antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Five immunogenic peptides (PEP1–PEP5), selected based on sur-
face accessibility and antigenicity, were synthesized and used to immunize chickens. The resulting antibodies were extracted
from egg yolks using a scalable polyethylene glycol precipitation method. Among the generated antibodies, those raised
against PEP2, PEP5, and their combination exhibited high titers (up to 1: 64,000) and strong reactivity against recombinant
spike protein under both native and denaturing conditions. In sandwich ELISA using pre-validated patient swab samples,
these IgY antibodies showed specific reactivity with COVID-19 positive samples. Importantly, virus neutralization assays
demonstrated that co-incubation with the IgY antibodies resulted in over 90% reduction in SARS-CoV-2 infection, high-
lighting their therapeutic efficacy.
Conclusion This study demonstrates a rapid, sustainable, cost-effective approach for generating IgY antibodies using pep-
tide epitopes instead of full-length or recombinant spike domains. The resulting antibodies show high diagnostic specificity
and strong viral neutralization, highlighting their dual potential and value as tools for SARS-CoV-2 and other evolving viral
threats
Therapeutic potential of a plant-based high-fat food formulation on weight management and lipid accumulation in DIO mice
No full textObesity is a medical condition where excess fat is accumulated in the body. Strategies for treatment include
nutritional intervention, drugs, nutraceuticals, satiety peptides. High fat-low carbohydrate food as a therapeutic
is one of the strategies studied in the recent past for weight management. This study aimed to evaluate the effects
of a plant-based high-fat food formulation (SU001) on lipid accumulation in diet-induced obese (DIO) C57BL/6
mice. SU001, which is mildly ketogenic and characterized by low carbohydrates, high fat and protein content,
was administered to DIO mice for 30 days. Orlistat, a standard anti-obesity drug, was used as a positive control.
Food intake and body weight were monitored daily and plasma lipids, protein levels were measured. Total fat in
adipose, liver tissues, fecal samples and their fatty acid profiles were analyzed to assess lipid accumulation. The
findings revealed mice fed SU001 showed a decrease in body weight, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and fatty
acid content in the adipose tissue compared to the high-fat diet control group. Similar results were observed in
the orlistat treated group. SU001 treatment led to significant changes in the mRNA expression levels of key lipid
metabolism related genes, indicating its role in modulating lipid storage and mobilization pathways.
These findings suggest that the formulation SU001 has potential as a therapeutic strategy for weight man-
agement and could be explored further for treating lifestyle-related metabolic disorders
A study on the evaluation of changes in quality characteristics and phytochemical contents of semi-dried noodles during storage
No full text
