Central Food Technological Research Institute
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Ultrasonication assisted forward osmosis concentration of pomegranate juice and comparison with forward osmosis
No full textThe internal concentration polarization creates major challenges in forward osmosis (FO) concentration process
as the issue roots a substantial reduction in transmembrane flux crosswise the membrane. Mitigating internal
concentration polarization is difficult phenomenon as it occurs within the porous support layer of the membrane
and induces turmoil or change the conditions hydrodynamically which prone to be useless. In the research, the inclusion of 33 kHz ultrasonication with forward osmosis on pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice concentration
was investigated. The Pomegranate juice (15◦ Brix) was concentrated (~61◦ Brix) using forward osmosis and
ultrasonication assisted forward osmosis (USFO). The study process utilizes two different ultrasonication
application combination with every 10 min ultrasonication with 5 min off (USFO 10:5) and with every 5 min
ultrasonication with 10 min off (USFO 5:10). The outcome shows that the additional ultrasonication was
operative in partly reducing the internal concentration polarization effect, enhancing transmembrane flux, and
reducing the concentration time by 4h. It was also observed that USFO 10:5 was more effective in mitigation of
internal concentration polarization process compared to USFO 5:10. Although transmembrane flux was
improved, ultrasonication caused an increased in reverse salt flux through the membrane to the concentrate.
Additionally, the effect of USFO on the pomegranate juice quality parameters of was measured, and was found
that ultrasonication has affected the quality parameters, but the optical parameters were not much effected
Comparative efficacy of cold plasma and ozone treatments in mitigating Aspergillus flavus and Aflatoxin B1 in Byadagi chili
No full textThis study evaluates and compares the efficacy of cold plasma (CP) and ozone treatments in reducing Aspergillus
flavus contamination and mitigating aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) levels in Geographical Indication (GI)-tagged Byadagi
chili. CP was applied at 10–20 kV for 10–20 min with a 5 cm electrode gap, while ozone treatment was performed
at a flow rate of 5 LPM for 10–40 min. Post-treatment assessments were conducted on immediately, 7 and 15
days of storage to evaluate treatment’s prolonged efficacy. The most effective CP treatment (20 kV, 20 min)
achieved a 3.18 log reduction in A. flavus immediately, with reductions increasing to 3.78 logs on day 7 and 3.88
logs by day 15. Ozone treatment showed a 3.48 log reduction initially, with continued suppression up to 3.97
logs by day 15, while the control exhibited progressive microbial growth. Both CP and ozone inhibited AFB1
formation by 84.78 % and 86.42 %, respectively, and degraded spiked AFB1 by 65.64 % (CP) and 69.10 %
(ozone). During post-treatment, no significant visual or structural alterations were detected, as confirmed by
colorimetric, FTIR, and SEM analyses. These findings demonstrate that CP and ozone are effective, non-thermal,
chemical-free strategies for reducing microbial and mycotoxin risks in dried spices. The study proposes a scalable
dual-treatment approach, ozone pre-treatment followed by CP during packaging, offering an innovative solution
for large-scale processing of high-value spices
Growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by partially purified nutraceutical proteins from quinoa bran
No full textChenopodium quinoa, a pseudocereal, is gaining global attention for its unique nutritional properties. Quinoa
bran, a natural milling byproduct, is rich in vital nutrients and nutraceutical compounds that exhibit various
biological activities. The current study investigated the antiproliferative effect of nutraceutical proteins extracted
from quinoa bran on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Bioactive proteins were purified using various
chromatographic methods, resulting in two partially purified fractions (P2 and P3), that demonstrated dose- and
time-dependent growth inhibition of Hep3B and HepG2 cells. The IC50 values for P2 and P3 against Hep3B cells
were 48.39 μg/mL and 24.30 μg/mL, respectively, and for HepG2 cells, were 26.08 μg/mL and 61.84 μg/mL. The
P2 and P3-induced apoptosis was evidenced by the activation of Caspase-3/7 and DNA fragmentation. Cell cycle
analysis revealed an increased population of Sub G0 and S phases. Annexin-V-FITC staining showed a higher
apoptotic population with increasing protein concentration. Enhanced expression of Bax and reduced levels of
the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, followed by the cleavage of pro-caspase-3 and PARP suggested the possible
involvement of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. In-vivo studies on Swiss albino mice bearing EAC tumors
demonstrated a significant reduction in tumor size compared to the control group. Peptide mass fingerprinting by
LC-MS/MS identified probable bioactive proteins, including antiviral MAP-like proteins, trypsin inhibitor DE3-
like, and ribosome-inactivating protein-like. Thus, the current study revealed that quinoa bran proteins have a
potential antitumor effect and warrant a detailed study for their application in functional foods
Chia seed mucilage free oligosaccharides: Evaluation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1 α-galactosidase (LpαG) activities and prebiotic effect
No full textChia seed mucilage was probed for the presence of structurally diverse free oligosaccharides along with the assessment of hydrolytic and transgalactosylation ac
tivities of α-galactosidase from a probiotic bacterium- Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1 (LpαG) on isolated oligosaccharides. Porous graphitic carbon-liquid
chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (PGC LC-MS/MS) analysis revealed the presence of mainly sucrose (disaccharide), planteose (trisaccharide), few
isomeric tetrasaccharides as well as lower abundance of isomeric tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexasaccharides. In vitro evaluation of the digestibility of planteose and
tetrasaccharides to the intestinal enzymes did not generate monosaccharides. However, LpαG displayed hydrolytic activity towards planteose and selectively acted on
two tetrasaccharides, which were identified as sesamose and stachyose. In addition, transglycosylation property of LpαG using planteose led to the synthesis of
sesamose. Thus, the hydrolysis of planteose and sesamose was demonstrated for the first time for an α-galactosidase from the probiotic bacterium. Furthermore, the
oligosaccharides pool was shown to influence the growth of probiotic L. acidophilus, L. brevis and L. plantarum in vitro, along with the production of short chain fatty
acids (SCFAs). These findings would contribute to the potential application of chia seeds to further enhance its health benefits
Analysis of food additives in fruit beverages and their products as per FSSAI regulations
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