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Cassia auriculata Stem Bark Ameliorates the HFD+STZ-Induced Diabetes in both in vitro and in vivo Model
No full textBackground: The secondary metabolites from natural herbs are exploited to treat various human
ailments. The present study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of the methanolic extract
of Cassia auriculata (C. auriculata) stem-bark in both in vitro and in vivo mice model. Materials and
Methods: In vitro standard procedures were followed to determine the phytochemical profile.
High-fat-diet+STZ was administered to 6-weeks old mice to induce type-2-diabetes. Results: In
vitro study revealed that the highest total polyphenol and flavonoid contents with anti-oxidant
and anti-diabetic property was observed in the methanolic extract of C. auriculata stem-bark.
Type-2-diabetes rats showed significantly elevated fasting blood glucose levels with decreased
serum insulin level. Further, the oxidative stress in the serum and muscle as well as altered
activities of liver enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in diabetic control mice compared to
normal control mice was observed. The histomorphology of liver and pancreas was deleteriously
altered in diabetic group mice. However, methanolic extract of C. auriculata stem-bark (200 mg/kg;
b.wt) and metformin (200 mg/kg; b.wt) treated diabetic mice did not show the above-mentioned
alterations suggesting its ameliorative effect in type-2-diabetes. Conclusion: The methanolic
extract of C. auriculata is potent enough to be employed as antidiabetic agent
Agrobacterium‑mediated genetic transformation of chia (Salvia hispanica L.), a rich source of omega‑3 fatty acid
No full textChia (Salvia hispanica L.), a nutrition-
ally valuable crop, is the richest source of α-linolenic
acid, a key omega-3 fatty acid. Despite its nutritional
benefits, a stable genetic transformation method for
chia is not available. This study presents a sonication-
assisted Agrobacterium-mediated transformation pro-
tocol optimized for high-efficiency transformation of
chia seedlings. Key parameters including bacterial
cell density, acetosyringone concentration, sonica-
tion duration, vacuum infiltration, and infection time
were optimized. Results demonstrated that an opti-
cal density at 600 nm (OD600) of 0.5, acetosyrin-
gone concentration of 100 μM, 20 min of sonication,
10 min of vacuum infiltration, and 60 min of infec-
tion significantly enhanced transformation efficiency
and GUS expression. This optimized protocol was
validated through Polymerase Chain Reaction and
β-glucuronidase (GUS) assay in transformed plants.
Our findings establish a robust and reliable transfor-
mation protocol, paving the way for future genetic engineering efforts aimed at enhancing the nutritional
and agronomic traits of chia
Siphonaxanthin inhibits the growth of breast cancer cell subtypes by modulating the expression of cellular proteins associated with antioxidant defence, cell survival and apoptosis signaling
No full textThe marine green algae, Codium species, have a long-standing history of use in Japanese and Korean food culture. Recent
reports reveal that extracts/isolated compounds of Codium species exhibited immunostimulatory, anti-obese, and anticancer
effects. This study aimed to delineate the molecular mechanism underlying the growth inhibitory effect of siphonaxanthin
(SPX) isolated from Coduim sp. in luminal (MCF-7) and triple-negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells. The cell viabil-
ity was measured by WST-1 assay. The protein expression of the markers of antioxidant defense, cell survival, and apoptosis
signaling pathways was analyzed by western blotting. The apoptosis induction by carotenoids was visualized using DAPI
staining. The results showed that purified SPX inhibited the viability of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells at a concentration
of 5 μM. The growth inhibitory effect of SPX was associated with suppressed protein expression of antioxidant enzyme,
SOD-2, and its transcription factor, Nrf2. Carotenoid treatment subsequently blocked the expression of intracellular cell
survival markers such as pAkt and pERK1/2, and a redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-kB. Further, suppression of
antioxidant defence and cell survival markers was linked with apoptosis induction, with downregulated expression of Bcl-2,
p-Bad, and PARP. Collectively, our results highlight a significant cancer chemopreventive role of marine carotenoid SPX in
human breast cancer cells and demonstrate that it activates cell death partly through the modulation of antioxidant defense
response-linked cell survival signaling markers
Effect of Germination on The Nutritional and Functional Properties of Processed Barnyard Millets
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Nutritional, bioactive potentials and antioxidant activities of processed green tea residue extracts against Hep-G2 and MCF-7 cell lines
No full textGreen tea (GT) is made from the leaves of Camellia sinensis; the study investigated the nutritional, nutraceutical, and
mineral content of raw and processed GT with and without sugar. HPLC-DAD was used to analyse phenolics, flavonoids,
and purine alkaloids (theobromine, theophylline, and caffeine) at different boiling intervals (5–15 min). The processed
residue of GT containing sugar showed the highest carbohydrate content at 28.81%. The mineral content of the processed
residue retained 100% of iron, zinc, and sodium, while potassium and magnesium contents were reduced to 82% and
36%, respectively. Palmitic acid was found to be the most prevalent in the GC-MS analysis. In the native GT samples, the
predominant phenolic acids were gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, sinapic acid, and para-coumaric acid. The GT processed
without sugar extracted 64% of the gallic acid and 91% of chlorogenic acid compared with the native sample. Analysis
of the GT samples showed a 20% increase in theobromine and a 17% increase in caffeine during heat processing. The GT
residue extracts demonstrated potent antioxidant and cytotoxic activity against human liver (HEP-G2) and breast cancer
cell lines (MCF-7). Therefore, GT residue could be used to isolate nutrients and nutraceuticals for food applications
Formulation of gluten-free, protein-rich Indian snacks using germinated buckwheat flour and modified buckwheat protein isolate
No full textBuckwheat protein is a functional food which has been extensively used in various food formulations in recent times. The study focuses on the modification of buckwheat protein isolate using microwave irradiation and its utilization in developing gluten free snacks, with an emphasis on enhancing their digestibility and bioavailability. The physicochemical and functional properties of the modified buckwheat protein isolate and germinated buckwheat flour (GBF) were investigated, including the determination of rutin content using HPLC. The nutritional composition, textural quality and shelf life of the prepared samples were also evaluated. Sensory assessment was conducted using a nine-point hedonic scale. The nitrogen solubility of the isolates increased with microwave treatment, particularly at pH 4. Digestibility was significantly enhanced with microwave radiation up to 81.32%. Both buckwheat papad and buckwheat khakhra contained satisfactory levels of rutin due to predominant use of GBF. Organoleptic tests indicated that the products were well-received by consumers, with an average score of 6.83 (slight liking) for overall quality. GBF content as high as 80% can be used to develop gluten free food products with modified buckwheat protein as an additive
Noncovalent interaction analysis and bioactivity evaluation of a novel chlorinated Schiff compound
No full textIntermolecular interactions play a significant role in the area of pharmaceuticals. Hence, there is an
increasing trend towards the analysis of noncovalent interactions of active molecules to investigate
the correlation between structure and properties. In this context, new Schiff base compound 2,4-
dichloro-6-(((4-chlorobenzyl)imino)methyl)phenol has been prepared by condensation of 3,5-dichloro-2-
hydroxybenzaldehyde and (4-chlorobenzyl)methenamine. The single crystals of Schiff base were
obtained by the slow evaporation method. To investigate the solid-state behaviour and noncovalent
interactions, X-ray diffraction analysis was performed. The crystal packing pattern is evident that non-
covalent C–H‧‧‧O, C–H‧‧‧p and p‧‧‧p interactions result in 2-D supramolecular architecture.
Meanwhile, computational studies were carried out to rationalize the strength and nature of different
types of interactions involved in the crystal packing. Hirshfeld surface and enrichment ratio analyses
provide the quantitative contribution of each intermolecular interaction. The intramolecular hydrogen
bonding environment is well supported qualitatively by QTAIM and NCI isosurface. Based on the opti-
mized ground state geometry by density functional theory, the physical and chemical properties of
the compound were investigated. To acquire a more profound comprehension of the interaction of
the ligand with the protein and their binding affinity, in-silico docking and molecular dynamic simula-
tion studies were performed. It has also been observed that the Schiff base compound unveiled anti-
bacterial activity against the bacterial species MRSA
Dual-action of 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran-3-one (Coffee Furanone) as a natural fumigant and antimicrobial agent for stored grain protection
No full textStored grain pests and microbial contamination significantly impact global food security by contributing to post-
harvest losses. This study investigates the dual-action efficacy of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-one (coffee fur-
anone) as a natural fumigant and antimicrobial agent. At 425 μg/L, it caused 87 % and 81 % mortality in
Callosobruchus chinensis and Sitophilus oryzae, respectively, within 72 h, showing dose and species dependent
responses. Coffee furanone also demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella
enterica, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus flavus. Phytotoxicity tests confirmed its safety, with enhanced seed
germination observed. Enzyme assays showed significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and gluta-
thione S-transferase (GST) in S. oryzae, while molecular docking revealed stable binding to AChE active sites.
These findings suggest that coffee furanone is a promising, eco-friendly alternative to synthetic fumigants for
integrated pest and microbial management in stored grains. Further studies are warranted to assess formulation
stability and scalability for practical field applications