Central Food Technological Research Institute
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Nanotechnology enabled multi residue detection of pesticides in diverse food matrices using hybrid analytical techniques
No full textUltrasonication assisted forward osmosis process: A comparative study on beetroot juice concentration
No full textInternal concentration polarization (ICP) presents significant challenges in the forward osmosis (FO) concen
tration process, as it leads to a considerable reduction in transmembrane flux crossways the membrane. Miti
gating ICP is difficult, as the phenomenon happens within the membrane’s porous support layer, and attempts to
induce turbulence or alter hydrodynamic conditions are often unsuccessful. In the study, the inclusion of 33 kHz
ultrasonication on FO beetroot (Beta vulgaris) juice concentration was investigated. The beetroot juice (5◦ Brix)
was concentrated (~61◦ Brix) using forward osmosis (FO) and ultrasonication assisted forward osmosis (USFO).
The study process utilizes two different ultrasonication application combination with every 10 min ultra
sonication with 5 min off (USFO 10:5) and with every 5 min ultrasonication with 10 min off (USFO 5:10). The
results indicate that the applied ultrasonication effectively partially mitigated the ICP effect, enhancing trans
membrane flux and reducing concentration time by 2 h. It was also observed that USFO 10:5 was more effective
in mitigation of ICP process compared to USFO 5:10. Although transmembrane flux was improved, ultra
sonication led to an increased reverse draw salt permeation across the membrane into the feed solution. Addi
tionally, the effect of USFO on the quality parameters of beetroot juice concentrates was measured, and it was
found that ultrasonication has affected the nutritional quality parameters, but the color parameters were not
much effected
Fenugreek-derived exosome-like nanovesicles containing bioavailable phytoferritin for the management of iron deficiency anemia
No full textIron deficiency anemia (IDA) affects 50 % to 60 % of Indian women. Though, iron supplements are often pre
scribed, poor bioavailability and side effects limits their use. Phytoferritin, a nanocage containing ~4500 ferric
atoms, has been proposed as an alternative, though it’s in vivo bioavailability remains debatable. Plant-derived
nanovesicles (PDNVs) are exosome-mimetic vesicles naturally derived from plants. Herein, we demonstrate the
presence of phytoferritin nanocages in fenugreek seed PDNVs (FGDNVs). Unlike native pea ferritin (PF),
FGDNVs-resident phytoferritin was stable in simulated gastrointestinal digestion. FGDNVs possessed better in
vitro bioavailability in Caco-2 and RAW264.7 cells compared to PF. In IDA rats, oral administration of FGDNVs,
but not PF, led to stable delivery of phytoferritin in the stomach, duodenum and jejunum tissues. Notably,
FGDNVs containing one tenth of recommended dietary allowance of iron, rescued ID and restored hematological
parameters. Thus, FGDNVs represent a natural iron nano-formulation for safe and efficient therapeutics for IDA
Unveiling a new protein concentrate derived from quinoa germ: Exploring a plant-based alternative protein
No full textRaw quinoa germ (RQG), processed physically, was further refined using hammer milling and fractionated based
on particle size into Fine (<100 μm), Medium (100–300 μm), and Coarse (300–500 μm) fractions. These were
then defatted to produce quinoa germ protein concentrate (QGPC). The study assessed the influence of particle
size and defatting on physicochemical, functional, and rheological properties. Quinoa protein, a complete pro
tein, is concentrated in the germ portion. QGPC showed a higher protein content (43.04 %) compared to RQG
(35.43 %). Analysis revealed higher protein and mineral content in coarse fractions, while brightness values
increased with decreasing particle size. QGPC demonstrated superior functional properties, including a water-
holding capacity (WHC) of 2.78 g/g and oil-holding capacity (OHC) of 3.10 g/g. Coarse fractions exhibited
enhanced foaming capacity and stability. The study produced QGPC with a yield exceeding 70 %, characterized
by unique functional properties, making it a promising ingredient for targeted food product development
Comprehensive assessment of the nutritional, phytochemical, and volatile components present in the roots of Asparagus racemosus, an underutilized plant for food applications
No full textThis study aimed to examine the nutrient, phytochemical and flavour profile of roots of A. racemosus. Roots were
found to be mainly composed of complex carbohydrates (78.63 ± 0.61 %) with a glycemic index of 3.50 ± 0.28
and particularly high in dietary fiber (23.49 ± 1.06 %), and fructo-oligosaccharides oligosaccharides (26.7 %).
Mineral profiling indicated it is a rich source of potassium (302 mg/100 g). Phytochemical profiling using Ultra
High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry revealed several new compounds comprising of
oxylipins, lignans, saponins, flavonoids, phenolics and its derivatives. This positions the plant as a potential
medicinal resource in alternative systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani for the treatment of
various metabolic disorders which helps the plant roots in exhibiting diverse pharmacological effects like
regulating glucose-fatty acid cycles, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Nineteen compounds majorly
belonging to aldehyde, alkanes, alcohols and terpenoid groups responsible for giving characteristic odour to the
roots were identified for the first time. Overall, A. racemosus roots possess a good nutrient and flavour profile
with various phytocomponents of therapeutic value and thus has immense potential as a functional food ingredient
Toxicological evaluation of Isosecotanapartholide from Artemisia vulgaris L.: oral acute and sub‑acute toxicity in BALB/c mice
No full textIsosecotanapartholide (ISTP) isolated from Artemisia vulgaris, having fumigant property, was tested for acute and sub-acute
toxicity in BALB/c mice. The male and female BALB/c mice were given ISTP orally for 7 days at doses of 200, 800 and
1600 mg/kg body weight (bw) for the acute toxicity assay. For sub-acute toxicity test, ISTP was given orally for 14 days at
doses of 50 and 500 mg/kg bw. The general appearance, behaviour, weight gain, water intake and feed intake, relative organ
weight, haematological indices, histopathological sections and biochemical markers were examined. In the study, ISTP at
doses up to 1600 mg/kg bw in acute and 500 mg/kg bw in sub-acute studies, the vital organs like heart, kidney, uterus and
testis revealed no adverse effects and mortality. Both acute and sub-acute toxicity assays show that Isosecotanapartholide is
safe in mammalian system and can be used as an effective natural substitute for synthetic insecticides
Processing of silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupae waste and mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae: Chemical characterization of extracts rich in anti‑oxidant, anti‑diabetic, and anti‑obesity activity
No full textEdible insects have gained recognition as sustainable protein sources with promising health benefits. The current study was
aimed to quantify the major bio-active compounds present in aqueous extracts of spent silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupae
and mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae, and evaluate their bio-active potential. The total polyphenol content in extracts
ranged from 150 to 330.26 mg GAE/100 g, while the flavonoid content varied from 2.19 to 37.6 mg QE/100 g. The presence
of polyphenols in the extracts was confirmed through OH stretching observed in the FTIR spectra. LC–MS/MS analysis
identified vanillic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, and syringic acid as major polyphenols. These extracts exhibited significant
anti-oxidant activities, with mealworm cold extract showing the highest ABTS (3.28 mM TE/100 g) and FRAP (10.4 mM
FE/100 g), whereas silkworm cold extract showed the highest DPPH radicle scavenging activity (1.85 mg BHA eq/100 g).
Mealworm hot extracts demonstrated superior α-amylase inhibition ( IC50 0.41 mg/mL) and α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50
7.4 mg/mL), while the mealworm cold extracts exhibited more effective lipase inhibition (IC50 0.43 mg/mL). Correlation
studies revealed that cold extracts positively correlated with anti-oxidant activity, with flavonoids playing a significant role
in the extracts’ anti-diabetic and anti-obesity potential. Density functional theory correlation studies suggested that the
preferred anti-oxidant mechanism of insect extracts was sequential proton loss electron transfer. These findings emphasize
edible insects’ potential as rich sources of diverse bio-active elements with therapeutic effects, encouraging their application
in food and pharmaceuticals
Hydrodynamic cavitation mediated Spirulina valorisation with insights into phycocyanin extraction and biogas production
No full textCommercial phycocyanin extraction is energy-intensive and lacks scalability. Alternatively, this study
reports the systematic investigation of hydrodynamic cavitation for intensified phycocyanin extraction
from Spirulina. Additionally, biomethane potential of the residual biomass, obtained after phycocyanin
extraction was also investigated. The biomethane generation rate decreased with an increasing
number of passes while the biomethane potential remained unaffected. To reliably compare
phycocyanin extraction across systems, dimensionless normalised yields were defined. A normalised
phycocyanin yield of 4.3 (52 mg phycocyanin g−1) at an inlet pressure of 150 kPa and 90 passes was
identified (optimum cavitation). Lowest specific energy input (0.06kWh kg−1) was calculated for
processing 100 g L−1 Spirulina, which is one to two orders of magnitude lower than current state-of-
the-art. Furthermore, a net energy gain of 600-2497kWh kg−1 obtained from biomethane generation
showcased a viable Spirulina biorefinery, intensified via hydrodynamic cavitation. This work provides a
route for phycocyanin extraction with significantly reduced energy input and potential for wider
bioproduct extraction and biorefining from a range of biomasses via hydrodynamic cavitation