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Effect of soaking and germination on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in exudate water and seed extracts of fenugreek
No full textThe globalisation of the food trade is driving significant shifts in dietary habits worldwide, as consumers adhere to essen-
tial nutritional and health standards. Fenugreek seeds have long been recognised in traditional medicine for their efficacy
in treating diabetes, inflammation, and digestive issues. This study decisively establishes the optimal soaking duration and
temperature conditions to maximize bioactive and antioxidant yields in both the seeds and the exudates produced in the
soaking water. At 25 °C and 32 °C temperatures, TSS increased significantly, ranging from 1.24 to 2.56 °Brix and from
1.36 to 3.04 °Brix. The maximum TPC was recorded in exudate water obtained at 40 °C after 24 h of soaking, demonstrat-
ing superior extraction capabilities. Notably, the highest TFC originated from soaked seed extracts and was subsequently
extracted with 70% methanol at 25 °C. The FRAP assay confirmed that exudate samples incubated at 40 °C for 24 h
exhibited the highest activity levels, significantly surpassing those at 25 °C and 32 °C. Generally, soaking at 25 °C and
32 °C preserves bioactives effectively in the exudate water and soaked seeds. Therefore, the exudate water and soaked
seeds demonstrate their potential as health-beneficial supplements and valuable ingredients for food industries
Rapid and relaying deleterious effects of a gastrointestinal pathogen, Citrobacter rodentium, on bone, an extra-intestinal organ
No full textIsolation, purification, and physio-chemical characterization of melanin pigment from nigerseed hulls (Guizotia abyssinica).
No full textABSTRACT
Plant melanin, a natural pigment, has gained significant attention recently due to its potential
therapeutic and industrial applications. In this study, melanin pigments were extracted from
Nigerseed hulls (NH) via alkali and acid extraction methods, followed by acid hydrolysis, organic
solvent treatment, and repeated precipitation. The solubility of NH melanin was assessed, revealing
solubility in alkali and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) but insolubility in other common organic solvents.
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to measure the purity of NH
melanin in comparison to standard melanin, while elemental analysis indicated a similarity between
melanin extracted from nigerseed hulls and the standard counterpart. LC-MS data revealed a
molecular weight of NH melanin. Furthermore, the stability of melanin was evaluated under varying
conditions including temperature, oxidants, reducing agents, light exposure, and metal ion presence.
Results demonstrated significant effects of Mg2+, Cu2+, and Fe2+ metal ions on melanin stability, with
a minor effect observed for Ca2+, while sodium hyposulfite was found to destabilize the pigments.
Our findings suggest that nigerseed hulls hold promise as a novel source for efficient melanin
production, with potential applications in the food sector, food packaging, and biomedical fields
Effect of nutrient‑rich quinoa fraction composite wheat flour on product development.
No full textTo study the characteristics of bread by incorporating
nutrient-rich quinoa flour as a new source for product
development. Wheat flour was replaced by fractionated quinoa
flour in different variations from 0%QF to 20%QF: 0%,
5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% WQF blends, respectively. Physicochemical
studies resulted in higher protein and fiber content
for the higher blend. Functional properties also reported
higher WAC and swelling power for the quinoa addition
to WF. Farinograph data revealed higher Water absorption
(72.96 ± 0.02) and dough development time (4.92 ± 0.05)
for higher blends than WF. Amylograph results in lower
peak viscosity and HPV. DSC onset temperature is higher
for blends (20%WQF-55.54 ± 0.13) than WF (49.17 ± 0.03).
DSC data reported that adding quinoa flour showed higher
gelatinization temperature and enthalpy. Incorporation of
5–20% quinoa flour with wheat flour gradually decreased
the loaf volume of Bread compared to the WF bread, but up
to 10% substitution bread becomes acceptable in taste and
eating quality, but after 15–20% bread becomes challenging
and not acceptable. A blend of nutrient-rich fractions of
quinoa flour and WF bread resulted in progress in nutrition
and better sensory attributes
Piperine-Loaded Sodium Caseinate Nanoglobules Delivered Transdermally Through Microneedle Patch for Improved Bioavailability at Adipose Tissue
No full textDespite being a well-known anti-obesity chemical, piperine has only found limited therapeutic use because of its poor bioavailability at the site of action. In order to test this hypothesis, we placed piperine sodium caseinate nanoglobules (PSN) in microneedle patches (MNPs), which may enhance piperine transdermal delivery and absorption. Clove oil, sodium caseinate to make nanoglobules, and PEG 400 as a stabilizer were used in a nanoglobules process to create the PSN. The polydispersity index (0.256) and particle size (134.4 nm) of the developed PSN were both smaller, while their zeta potential (−44.4 mV) and encapsulation efficiency (90%–95%) were both greater. Compared to native piperine, the PSN increased solubility, bioaccessibility (6.5 times), and bioavailability (2.8 fold). Moreover, the PSN-loaded MNPs were created using the micro-molding (poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold) approach. In both PBS buffer and porcine skin, the PSN-loaded MNPs were rapidly hydrolyzed, with 50% piperine release in less than 5 min. Also, the produced MNPs demonstrated improved bioavailability of piperine in the plasma (180 ng/mL) and
adipose (425 ng/mL) tissue of C57BL6 mice. In conclusion, the work offered a theoretical foundation for utilizing new PSN-loaded MNPs as a viable piperine delivery method for treating obesity
Cholesterol Depletion Activate Hepatic Stellate Cells Mediated Through SREBP‐2 Signaling
No full textLiver fibrosis is one of the leading cause of death worldwide. In liver, hepatic stellate cells are the primary cell type that gets activated during fibrosis. LX‐2 cells are human‐derived hepatic stellate cell lines typically employed for studying liver fibrosis mechanisms and screening anti‐fibrotic lead molecules. Although LX‐2 cells are partially activated in culture conditions, numerous stimuli including TGF‐β, H2O2, hypoxia, LPS were reported to activate LX‐2 cells. In this study, for the first time, the
effect of cholesterol depletion on LX‐2 cells was studied. Under cholesterol‐depleted conditions, the mRNA and protein
expression of HSC activation markers (α‐SMA, GFAP) were significantly increased. Also, the expression of SREBP‐2, HMGCR were significantly upregulated in response to cholesterol depletion. Treatment with fatostatin, a reported SREBP inhibitor abolished nuclear SREBP‐1 and SREBP‐2 expression and regulated the SREBP signaling. Transmission electron microscopic imaging showed distinct ultrastructural changes in response to cholesterol depletion. Furthermore, cholesterol depletion did not affect the cell‐cycle profile of LX‐2 cells compared with untreated while fatostatin treatment induced G2 cell‐cycle arrest. Overall, cholesterol depletion activated LX‐2 cells mediated by SREBP‐2 signaling and therefore could be further employed as stimuli for LX‐2 activation and screening lead molecules targeting SREBPs
Bacteriocins future perspectives: Substitutes to antibiotics
No full textBackground: Antimicrobials are substances that either eradicate or inhibit the growth of microorganisms. The
days of traditional antibiotics are over since their overuse has led to worldwide health and environmental issues.
Thus, there is a need for novel antimicrobial proteins/peptides with improved properties over existing ones. The
goal of microbiology research over the past ten years has been to identify, create, and market antimicrobials from
benign microorganisms that are just as effective. The bioactive peptides or proteins, synthesized by probiotics
and other beneficial microorganisms, are also referred to as postbiotics. The application of the recently created
postbiotics is unrestricted in the food sector. Nisin and pediocin are two postbiotics that are widely used in the
worldwide food sector. If successful, they could also be the best candidates to be therapeutic proteins that take
the place of traditional antibiotics.
Scope and approach: To gain a comprehensive understanding of today’s postbiotic landscape, it’s crucial to grasp
the importance of bacteriocin and its diverse applications across various sectors such as food, heterologous
expression, bioprocessing, and as a substitute for antibiotics.
Key findings and conclusions: Peptides with antibacterial properties that are authorized for use in the food industry
are known as bacteriocins. They are utilized in agriculture, the food industry, and other fields. Due to new re
strictions, stronger antiviral treatments are among the novel antimicrobial drugs being researched. The potential
application of bacteriocins in COVID-19 therapy is under investigation. Additionally, other alternatives such as
plant-based chemicals, animal venoms, and bacteriophage therapy have also contributed to the development of
antibiotic substitutes
Oleaginous microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. as a potential source of EPA and bioactive metabolites: Bottlenecks in the downstream processing and unravelling the challenges in its food, feed and therapeutic application
No full textWith the global population surge and the threat of climate change, there is a need for sustainable and economical
sources of nutrition. Microalgae are a promising alternative to conventional sources of nutrition due to their
high-value metabolites and sustainability. Among the various microalgal species, Nannochloropsis stands out for
its significant lipid content (25–45 %), EPA (2–5 %) and vitamin D (~1 μg g− 1) along with metabolites such as
proteins, carbohydrates and carotenoids. This comprehensive review explores the characteristic features of
Nannochloropsis sp., with a focus on its bioactive content and the enhancement strategies required to improve its
nutritional potential. Various pre-treatment approaches have proven to enhance the nutrient accessibility and
digestibility in Nannochloropsis sp. Further, the review addresses the bottlenecks in downstream processing and
development of novel approaches towards the nutritional and therapeutic applications of Nannochloropsis sp. Therefore, Nannochloropsis supplements can be promoted as novel and vegan source of value-added components in food and feed applications towards a sustainable approach
Morin, a Polypharmacological Marvel: Unveiling its versatility and recent advances in bioavailability enhancement
No full textMorin, a flavonoid present in many fruits and plants, exhibit a broad range of pharmacological effects including
antioxidant, anti-diabetic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-fibrotic, anti-cancer, etc. Morin is widely used in pre-clinical research however the clinical application of morin is impeded by its poor water solubility and restricted oral bioavailability. Application of methods including encapsulation, complexa
tion, particle size reduction could help in enhancement of water solubility and oral bioavailability of morin. In
this review, the factors affecting the solubility and oral bioavailability of morin and strategies for enhancing
morin’s solubility and bioavailability were discussed. A vast number of studies showed the solubility and oral
bioavailability of morin could be significantly improved by the encapsulation, inclusion complexation, particle
size reduction methods and controlled delivery systems. Each of the method has its advantages and limitations,
and the specific selection should be based on the application domains. The findings highlighted the importance of using novel methods to overcome the limitations of morin to improve its therapeutic potential
Morin attenuates high-fat diet induced inflammation and enhances the Akkermansiaceae richness in the gut of C57BL/6J mice
No full textObesity is a complex metabolic disorder associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and gut microbiota
dysbiosis. This study evaluated the therapeutic effects of morin, a natural flavonoid, in mitigating inflammation
and metabolic disturbances induced by a high-fat diet in male C57BL/6 mice. Mice were fed either a control diet
or high-fat diet for 16 weeks, and after obesity was induced, a subset of high-fat diet fed mice received morin via oral gavage at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight for an additional 8 weeks. Gut microbiota diversity and
composition were assessed by bacterial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing while colonic tissue was subjected to
histopathological staining. Pro-inflammatory gene and cytokine expression were quantified by real-time PCR and
ELISA methods. Morin treatment significantly enhanced the abundance of beneficial bacterial taxa, especially
Akkermansiaceae, and reduced the prevalence of potentially harmful taxa. Histological evaluation showed that
morin attenuated high-fat diet induced colonic hyperplasia and preserved colonic integrity. Moreover, morin
administration reduced the expression of key pro-inflammatory genes and cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and
increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10 in the colon tissue. These findings suggest that morin mitigated
high-fat diet induced inflammation by modulating gut microbiota composition thereby reducing colonic
inflammation, thereby highlighting its potential as a therapeutic candidate for obesity-related metabolic disor
ders and warranting further clinical investigation