JOS - UNSOED (Jurnal Online Soedirman - Universitas Jenderal Soedirman)
Not a member yet
6212 research outputs found
Sort by
Inhibitory Activity of Aegle marmelos L. (Bael) Leaf Ethanolic Extract Against α-Glucosidase
No full textBackground: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a significant global health problem characterized by hyperglycemia. A key therapeutic strategy for managing postprandial hyperglycemia is the inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme, which slows glucose absorption. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of an ethanolic extract derived from Bael (Aegle marmelos L.) leaves. Methods: Bael leaves were dried, processed into simplicia, and subsequently extracted via maceration using 96% ethanol to yield an ethanolic extract. The α-glucosidase inhibitory capacity of the extract was assessed spectrophotometrically using an ELISA reader. The assay quantified the absorbance of p-nitrophenol, the product of the enzymatic reaction with the p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG) substrate, at a wavelength of 405 nm. Acarbose was utilized as the positive control. Key findings: Acarbose, at concentrations of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 ppm, exhibited potent, concentration-dependent inhibition of 39.07%, 44.90%, 51.24%, 56.42%, and 62.81%, respectively. In comparison, the A. marmelos leaf extract, at concentrations of 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700 ppm, yielded inhibition values of 11.67%, 20.70%, 29.73%, 44.65%, and 53.37%. The calculated IC₅₀ value for acarbose was 0.569 µg/mL, whereas the IC₅₀ for the A. marmelos extract was determined to be 667.17 µg/mL Conclusions: These findings indicate that while acarbose possesses exceptionally potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, the ethanolic extract of A. marmelos leaves exhibits very weak inhibitory capacity under the tested conditions
Karakterisasi Biodegradable Foam dengan Variasi Serat Batang Pisang dan Konsentrasi Gliserol
No full textTingginya penggunaan styrofoam menimbulkan permasalahan yang signifikan bagi lingkungan, kesehatan, dan kelestarian alam. Permasalahan ini disebabkan oleh sifat dari styrofoam yang sulit terurai dan menghasilkan polutan berbahaya. Penelitian ini mengembangkan biodegradable foam berbahan dasar serat batang pohon pisang, pati tapioka, dan gliserol sebagai plasticizer. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh serat batang pisang (pelepah, inti, dan pelepah-inti) dan konsentrasi gliserol (5%, 8%, dan 11%) terhadap karakteristik biodegradable foam. Metode yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini yaitu pemotongan batang pisang, penghalusan, pemasakan serat, pengeringan serat, dan pencampuran bahan serta baking process untuk menghasilkan biofoam. Hasil uji biodegradable pada biofoam menunjukkan hasil terbaik pada sampel inti batang pisang dengan gliserol 11%. Sementara itu, uji kebocoran menunjukkan bahwa sampel bahan pelepah pisang dengan konsentrasi 11% memiliki ketahanan yang paling unggul. Adapun hasil uji daya serap air diperoleh bahwa sampel bahan campuran dengan konsentrasi gliserol 8%
Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and In Vitro Activity Test of Thioxanthenol and Nitrothioxanthone Derivatives As Anticancer Agents
Get PDFABSTRACT. This research aimed to compare, synthesise, study molecular docking, and test the anticancer activity of thioxanthenol, 1-hydroxythioxanthone, 4-nitrothioxanthone, and 2-nitrothioxanthone compounds through in silico and in vitro assays, highlighting their selective cytotoxicity and potential as novel anticancer scaffolds. These four compounds were obtained through reduction and nitration reactions of the thioxanthone. Thioxanthenol compound was obtained through the reduction of thioxanthone using sodium borohydride. The 1-hydroxythioxanthone, 4-nitrothioxanthone, and 2-nitrothioxanthone compounds were obtained from the nitration of thioxanthone compounds. The compounds were characterised using FTIR, GC-MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. In vitro cytotoxicity tests were performed using microtetrazolium (MTT) assays against T47D, WiDr, and Hela cancer cell lines and the Vero cell line as normal cells. The molecular docking process was studied to determine the in silico activity of the compounds with protein targets. The reduction reaction produced the thioxanthenol compound as a yellowish-white solid in 40.63% yield. The nitration reaction produced 1-hydroxythioxanthone, 4-nitrothioxanthone, and 2-nitrothioxanthone compounds as light-yellow solids in 33.54%; 29.27%; and 31.71% yield, respectively. The synthesized compounds demonstrated selective anticancer activity against certain cancer cells. Thioxanthenol compound showed an IC50 value of 17.46 µg mL-1 on the WiDr cell line and nitrotioxanthone compound showed an IC50 value of 6.05 µg mL-1 on the T47D cell line. Molecular docking showed that the thioxanthone derivatives might act as the anticancer agent through inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), P-glycoprotein, and Erα functions.
Keywords: anticancer, nitrothioxanthone, thioxanthenol, thioxanthon
Eco-friendly Sunscreen: Aloe vera and Garlic-Shallot Peel Extract Formulation for Enhanced SPF
Get PDFABSTRACT. In the past 5 years, research has reported that chemical sunscreen products pose risks of irritation and environmental impact, necessitating safer natural alternatives, such as eco-friendly sunscreen. This study aimed to formulate a natural sunscreen by combining Aloe vera gel with garlic-shallot peel waste extracts and evaluate their solar protection factor (SPF), physical stability, overall quality, and organoleptic-hedonic test. The Aloe vera and extracts of garlic and shallot peels were prepared using modified infusion and solvent extraction techniques. The sunscreen formulas were created in nine variations with different concentrations of natural ingredient combinations. SPF values were determined in vitro using UV/Vis spectrophotometry, and the physical stabilities were tested using the cycling method. Overall quality tests were performed using the method as described in the standard and requirements for sunscreen products in Indonesia (SNI 16-4399-1996), and the procedure for determining the organoleptic-hedonic test referred to the organoleptic and/or sensory testing instructions (SNI 01-2346-2006). The results showed that all nine formulations met most of the quality standards of sunscreen. However, the panelist preferred formulas without garlic and shallot extracts due to the prominent odor of garlic and shallot. Further studies will be performed by combining them with fragrances that panelists prefer to cover the deficiencies in unpreferred odors. Formulas with garlic and shallot peel extracts have ultra-protection SPF values, though their effectiveness decreased with increased Aloe vera concentrations. These results indicate that garlic and shallot peel waste have the potential as sustainable, environmentally friendly sunscreen ingredients with high UV protection capabilities.
Keywords: Aloe vera, garlic peel, shallot peel, SPF, sunscree
Effectiveness of Zingiberaceae Herbal Extracts from the Hala-Bala Forest for Application in Thai Massage
Get PDFABSTRACT. This research aimed to study the efficiency of essential oils extracted from Zingiberaceae herbals that are Etlingera elatior, Zingiber montanum, and Etlingera coccinea, collected from the Hala-Bala forest in Chulabhorn Pattana Village 9, Ban Santisuk 2, Mae Wat Sub-district, Than To and Betong District, Yala Province. The essential oils were extracted using steam distillation and characterized based on their physical and chemical properties, antimicrobial activity, phytochemical composition, and antioxidant activities. The pH values of the essential oils were found to be 6.1, 4.9, and 6.2, respectively. Heavy metal analysis of the essential oils, conducted using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer, revealed no contamination with lead, chromium, manganese, and cadmium. In antimicrobial activity test against three bacterial strains— Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp., and Escherichia coli—the essential oils of E. elatior and Z. montanum demonstrated inhibitory effects against all three strains, with inhibition zones of 12.3±0.28, 10.7±1.06, and 11.2±1.01 mm for E. elatior and 22.1±1.25, 26.0±0.70, and 18.5±0.70 mm for Z. montanum. Meanwhile, the essential oil of E. coccinea inhibited S. aureus and E. coli with inhibition zones of 20.5±0.70 and 13.2±0.35 mm, respectively. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was performed using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), and antioxidant activity evaluated using three assays: DPPH radical scavenging activity (DPPH assay), ABTS free radical bleaching (ABTS assay), and ferric reduction of antioxidant power (FRAP assay). The results confirmed that all three essential oils exhibited antioxidant activity, and the phytochemical screening detected flavonoids, diterpenes, and anthraquinones. This research highlights the potential of the essential oils for developing Thai massage health products, particularly in the form of massage oils infused with natural extracts and local herbs. Volunteer satisfaction assessments conducted at the Thai Traditional Medicine Learning Center, Yala Rajabhat University, Yala Province, Thailand, indicated a high to the highest level of satisfaction. This was attributed to the oils' natural composition, low toxicity, and high effectiveness.
Keywords: Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Etlingera elatior, Essential oil, Etlingera coccinea, Phytochemical, Zingiber montanu
THE THE EFFECT OF HEPATOPROCTECTIVE PROPOLIS ON THE HISTOPATHOLOGY OF THE LIVER CELL MICE INDUCED BY PARACETAMOL
No full textThe overdose of paracetamol utility may increase N-acetyl-p-benzoqui-noneimine (NAPQI) and produce the free radicals, which will cause liver cell damage. Propolis contains antioxidants which have the ability to capture free radicals The aim of this study is to identify the hepatoprotective effect of propolis doses of 0.4 ml and 0.8 ml on the histopathological appearance of the liver of mice induced by paracetamol. This research was an experimental research using the Post Test Only Control Group Design method. The sample of this study were 24 Swiss Webster mice divided into 4 groups: group (K-) not given propolis and paracetamol; group (K+) was given paracetamol at a dose of 338 mg/kgBB; group (P1) was given a dose of 0.4 ml of propolis and group (P2) 0.8 ml and then induced by paracetamol at a dose of 338 mg/kgBB. This research was conducted for 14 days and on the 15th day termination was carried out to observe the histopathological picture of the liver tissue. There was a statistically significant hepatoprotective effect of propolis in the histopathological picture of the liver in the K- group under normal circumstances (score 1), the K+ group was dominated by necrosis (score 4), the P1 group was dominated by normal cells (score 1) and the P2 group was dominated by hydropic degeneration (score 3). The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference in all treatment groups with p<0.001. The results of the Mann-Whitney test showed that between the K– group and the K+ group and the P2 group there was a significant difference, between the K+ group and the P1 and P2 groups there was a significant difference, and between the P1 group and the P2 group there was a significant difference with p<0,05. There was a hepatoprotective effect of propolis on the histopathological of the liver of mice induced paracetamol. Propolis dose of 0.4ml was more optimal in preventing damage to the liver of mice than a dose of 0.8ml
CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
Get PDFChemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a side effect of chemotherapy that damages peripheral nerves, causing sensory, motor, and autonomic abnormalities that significantly decrease the quality of life for cancer patients. Characterized by symptoms such as numbness and tingling, the incidence of CIPN can reach 68% in the first month post-therapy. The severity of this condition often forces a dose reduction or discontinuation of chemotherapy, which can compromise the effectiveness of cancer treatment. Based on this literature review of the last 10 years, CIPN is a significant clinical challenge. Therefore, comprehensive clinical guidelines for its diagnosis, symptom management, and prevention are needed to optimize cancer therapy outcome
Analisis kondisi dinamika atmosfer berdasarkan citra satelit, model reanalisis dan data observasi (studi kasus hujan es di Depok pada 10 Januari 2023)
Get PDFHujan es adalah fenomena cuaca ekstrem dari sistem konvektif seperti awan cumulonimbus (Cb) yang jarang terjadi tetapi berdampak signifikan pada infrastruktur, pertanian, dan keselamatan. Penelitian ini menganalisis dinamika atmosfer yang mempengaruhi hujan es di Depok pada 10 Januari 2023 pukul 08.40 UTC menggunakan data satelit Himawari-9, model ERA-5, dan sounding udara atas. Data Himawari-9 dianalisis dengan perangkat lunak SATAID melalui interpretasi saluran IR dan metode RGB Day Convective Storms serta 24-hour Microphysics. Data ERA-5 menghasilkan grafik timeseries variabel atmosfer, sementara data sounding divisualisasikan dengan diagram Skew-T log-P dan indeks labilitas atmosfer. Analisis menunjukkan siklus hidup awan cumulonimbus dengan suhu puncak di bawah -60°C. Parameter divergensi mengindikasikan adanya konvergensi signifikan di lapisan bawah, divergensi di lapisan atas, serta kelembaban tinggi di lapisan menengah dan atas, yang mendukung pembentukan kristal es. Indeks labilitas atmosfer seperti TT, KI, SWEAT, CAPE, LI, dan Showalter Index menunjukkan ketidakstabilan atmosfer dan energi konvektif.Hail is an extreme weather phenomenon from convective systems such as cumulonimbus (Cb) clouds that rarely occurs but has a significant impact on infrastructure, agriculture, and safety. This study analyzes the atmospheric dynamics affecting hail in Depok on January 10, 2023, at 08:40 UTC using Himawari-9 satellite data, the ERA-5 model, and upper-air soundings. Himawari-9 data were analyzed using the SATAID software through IR channel interpretation and the RGB Day Convective Storms and 24-hour Microphysics methods. ERA-5 data produces timeseries graphs of atmospheric variables, while sounding data is visualized with Skew-T log-P diagrams and atmospheric instability indices. Analysis shows the life cycle of cumulonimbus clouds with peak temperatures below -60°C. Divergence parameters indicate significant convergence in the lower layer, divergence in the upper layer, and high humidity in the middle and upper layers, which support the formation of ice crystals. Atmospheric instability indices such as TT, KI, SWEAT, CAPE, LI, and Showalter Index indicate atmospheric instability and convective energy
Peran Praktik Lingkungan, Sosial dan Tata Kelola (ESG) dan Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan (CSR) terhadap Perilaku Karyawan di Perusahaan Energi
No full textThis research explores the complex role of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices in shaping employee behavior in the energy sector. Through a systematic literature review approach of research spanning 2017-2025, the study identifies the multidimensional dynamics through which sustainability initiatives influence employee motivation, engagement and performance. Key findings show that environmental dimensions are positively correlated with employees' intrinsic motivation, especially in the younger generation who show higher responsiveness to sustainability initiatives. Social aspects of ESG play a significant role in building emotional connectedness between employees and the organization, while transparent governance practices increase trust, encourage innovative behavior, and strengthen organizational citizenship behavior. The research shows significant variations in ESG implementation and impact across different energy subsectors, underscoring the need for an integrated contextual approach. The study concludes that the authentic integration of ESG and CSR practices not only improves financial performance and competitive advantage, but also fundamentally transforms the work ecosystem through the creation of a more meaningful, sustainable and competitive environment. The strategic implications suggest that ESG is increasingly becoming a key determinant in shaping employee behavior in the energy sector, emphasizing the importance of adopting a holistic approach that harmonizes business, employee, and environmental interests to create sustainable shared value. 
Extraction techniques for phenolic compounds from Zingiber officinale: a review of traditional, microwave-assisted, and ultrasound-assisted methods
Get PDFBackground: The rhizome of Zingiber officinale (ginger) is widely recognized for its pharmacological properties, particularly its antioxidant activity, which is largely attributed to phenolic compounds such as gingerol, shogaol, paradol, and zingerone. Efficient extraction of these compounds requires suitable techniques to maximize yield while maintaining compound stability.
Objective: This review aims to evaluate extraction techniques for phenolic compounds from ginger rhizomes, comparing traditional and modern approaches, and to identify methods that produce the highest total phenolic content (TPC).
Methods: A literature review was conducted on original research articles published between 2015 and 2025 that reported phenolic extraction from Z. officinale using maceration, soxhlet extraction, reflux, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), or ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). Articles were retrieved from Google Scholar and ScienceDirect databases and assessed against defined inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Results: Six eligible studies were included, revealing substantial methodological heterogeneity that complicates direct method comparisons. UAE with 50% ethanol produced the highest TPC (155.19 ± 2.81 mg GAE/g dry weight), followed by Soxhlet extraction (31.10 ± 0.28 mg GAE/g) and MAE (27.89 ± 1.99 mg GAE/g). Reflux and maceration yielded comparatively lower TPC values, with results influenced by solvent type, concentration, temperature, and extraction time.
Conclusion: UAE with 50% ethanol is the most effective technique for extracting phenolic compounds from ginger, offering both high yield and compound stability. MAE, while producing lower yields, remains advantageous for its shorter extraction duration