Journal of International Trade, Logistics and Law (JITAL - İstanbul Commerce University)
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The Role of Intention to Leave in the Effect of Interactional Justice on Ethical Behavior: A Study in the Civil Aviation Sector
No full textIn order to ensure or increase the preference of enterprises in the increasing competition in the civil aviation sector, it should give importance to customer satisfaction and therefore to personnel behavior. It is aimed to investigate the effect of interactional justice on unethical behavior and the role of turnover intention in this interaction on personnel who are directly related to the customer and the organization. In this study, which was designed with quantitative research methods, the data obtained from 409 civil aviation workers in 2022-2023 using the convenience sampling method were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS 22 programs. In the findings obtained, it was seen that the effect of interactional justice perceptions on unethical behaviors was not significant and the intention to quit job did not have a moderating role in the relationship between interactional justice perceptions and unethical behavior. In addition to these results, it was seen that employees' intention to leave their job positively and significantly affects their unethical behaviors, and interactional justice perceptions affect their intention to leave their job negatively and significantly. Although it is possible to mention that the interactional justice perceptions have a negative effect on their unethical behaviors, it is seen that this effect is not significant.
Physical Workplace Environment's Role in Shaping Employee Satisfaction: Insights from National Food Reserve Agency in Tanzania
No full textPhysical workplace environment plays a crucial role in shaping employee satisfaction within organizations. This study assesses the influence of the physical workplace environment on employee satisfaction at the National Food Reserve Agency in Tanzania. The study employed a cross-sectional design and quantitative approach, collecting data from a sample of 152 NFRA employees across various zones in Tanzania. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. The descriptive results show that the overall mean score for employee satisfaction was moderate, with job security being the highest-rated factor. Also, the logistic regression results show a significant association between the physical environment and employee satisfaction, with office layout, cleanliness, and noise levels being significant predictors. The study results underscore the importance of the physical environment in enhancing job satisfaction in the procuring, storing and distributing food agencies like NFRA in Tanzania. The study concludes that the physical workplace environment plays a crucial role in employee satisfaction at NFRA. Improvements in office layout, cleanliness, and noise control are recommended to enhance overall satisfaction and organizational performance. Also, it is recommended that NFRA should prioritize investments in improving the physical work environment, implement policies promoting employee well-being, and encourage active employee engagement in maintaining a conducive workplace
International Sales Management: The Importance of a Cross-Cultural Approach
No full textThis essay delves into the importance of cross-cultural approaches in international sales management, which is becoming increasingly significant in the globalized business environment. This essay explores how cultural nuances significantly influence sales strategies in international markets through a comprehensive literature review, including seminal works by Hofstede (1980) and Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner (1997). The study uses qualitative insights from industry experts and quantitative data from sales professionals, enriched by case studies of multinational corporations.The key findings of this study underscore the indispensability of cultural intelligence, as defined by Ang et al. (2006), in developing effective cross-cultural sales strategies. It highlights the common challenges in cross-cultural sales, such as communication barriers and cultural biases, and proposes strategies like cultural training and flexible business models to mitigate these issues. The analysis of practical cases, supported by Shankar et al. (2008) and Zhang & Waring (2017), illustrates the successful applications of these strategies.The discussion emphasizes the implications for practitioners in international sales management, advocating for continuous adaptation and learning in diverse cultural landscapes. While acknowledging the limitations of its scope, the essay concludes by suggesting areas for future research, particularly in emerging markets and digital sales platforms.Overall, this study contributes to the field by bridging theoretical frameworks with practical applications, offering valuable insights for academic and practical fields in international sales management
Staff Competence and e-Procurement Performance: Tanzania Revenue Authority Perspective
No full textThis study assessed the factors influencing performance of e-procurement in Tanzania, with reference to Tanzania Revenue Authority. The specific objectives of the study were to find out the influence of staff competence, technological resources and financial resources on e-procurement performance. Simple random and purposive sampling approaches were employed to get 87 respondents that made up the sample size. Respondents' information was obtained for the study using interviews and questionnaires. Regression and descriptive analysis were used to analyze the quantitative data while content analysis used to analyze the qualitative data in examining influence of staff competence on the performance of e-procurement. The findings showed that e-procurement is used effectively as most staff members are competent. This is attributed to staff competency, training programs given to them, and the availability of seminars. The study also revealed that staff competence has significant effect on the procurement performance. The paper recommends that TRA should keep offering staff training to improve their knowledge and expertise in order to improve procurement effectiveness. In addition, the paper recommends TRA should continue investing funds to buy cutting-edge technology resources including laptops and software
The Effect of Procurement Contract Management on Water Project Lead Time Management at RUWASA-Dodoma Region Tanzania
No full textThe problem addressed in this study is the persistent delays in managing project timelines for water projects at RUWASA. Have resulted in extended lead times, negatively impacting project outcomes and service delivery. Water projects face challenges in managing project timelines, resulting in extended lead times and negative effects on project outcomes. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the effect of procurement contract management, on water project lead time management at RUWASA-Dodoma region. The research applied the principal-agent theory to understand the dynamics between stakeholders in procurement and used a cross-sectional research design targeting a population of 150 individuals, with 109 respondents selected through simple random. Data collection included questionnaires and the analysis employed descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis to provide comprehensive insights. The findings revealed significant relationships between procurement efficiency and project lead time management. Descriptive statistics highlighted trends such as delays in contract execution while regression analysis demonstrated that effective procurement strategies positively impacted project timelines. The study concluded that procurement contract management has a significant effect on water project lead time management at RUWASA-Dodoma Region, Tanzania. The study recommended that RUWASA should improve contract management by focusing on clearer and more specific terms in procurement contracts, as this would help address the challenges and inefficiencies hindering project timelines
The Contribution of Staff Competence on Procurement Performance in the Parastatal Organizations in Tanzania
No full textThe study aimed to examine the contribution of staff competence to procurement performance in Tanzania's parastatal organizations. It was specifically intended to investigate the effect of staff qualification, staff skills, and management support on procurement performance and make recommendations for improvement. The data were collected from heads of departments at 93 parastatal organizations in Dar es Salaam using structured questionnaires. The study's population consisted of 712 respondents, with a sample size of 256 randomly selected, but only 241 questionnaires were returned, completed, and used for analysis. The data were descriptively and inferentially analyzed using a multiple regression analysis with the help of SPSS version 23. The finding shows that staff qualification, staff technical skills, and management support positively influence procurement performance. The study implied that the procuring entities should ensure that procurement staff are professionally qualified, have technical skills, and are supported by the management to ensure that value for money is achieved from the procurement process within the parastatal organizations
Two-Stage Research Performance Assessment of Turkish HEI Using DEA and Beta Regression
No full textIn this paper, we study the research efficiency of the Turkish higher education sector in a two-stage DEA model with variable returns to scale. The aim of this paper is to benchmark or rank universities according to their research performance and to identify exogenous factors that may affect an institution’s efficiency score. DEA scores are a prime example of fractional data - a fact that has been disregarded by many previous DEA models which used popular Tobit regression for censored data in the second stage. Using a sample of 50 private and public universities, the first stage of our model calculates the efficiency scores and determines the efficient reference set for inefficient universities. In the second stage, we use beta regression and bootstrapped hypothesis testing to estimate the effects that external factors (age, size and ownership status) have on efficiency scores. We find that 27 universities in our sample are research efficient. Beta regression summary statistics suggest that extra-large universities tend to be less research efficient than large universities (p=0.1), while both age and ownership status of the university do not have a statistically significant impact on an institution’s efficiency score
The Role of Interactional Justice in the Impact of Occupational Safety Perception on Organizational Change Cynicism and Unethical Behavior
No full textEnhancing business performance, which is a significant component of sustainable competition, is a crucial issue in the realm of business. In resolving this issue, identifying and optimizing elements that reduce job performance are considered to play a pivotal role. The perception of occupational safety is a precursor to many factors that affect employee performance. It is believed that reducing this perception, which is deemed to influence negative behaviors such as cynicism and unethical conduct, can positively impact employee performance. Interactional justice is considered to play a significant role in mitigating these adverse factors. In this context, a study was conducted on healthcare workers in Antalya province (n=160). This study evaluated the impact of occupational safety perception on cynicism and unethical behavior and the role of interactional justice in this relationship. The research conducted in private hospitals in the healthcare sector revealed that the perception of occupational safety has not significant effects on employees' cynicism but has a negative effect on unethical behavior, and interactional justice plays a moderating role in these relationships
Determinants of Procurement Performance of Works Project in Public Organizations
No full textDue to a lot of public money which is spent on procurement of works the performance of this procurement is important. Despite of other studies conducted to determine determinants of procurement performance in public organizations but many of them they based on quantitative design and still there were poor performance of procurement of works in public sector led to the conduction of this study so as to fill the empirical gap. The general objective of the study was to determine the factors influence procurement performance of works in public organizations, where the specific objectives are to ascertain the influence of information on procurement performance of works, to determine the influence of professionalism on procurement performance of works, to ascertain the influence of ethical standards on procurement performance of works and to determine if working environment influence procurement performance of works. The study was conducted at Morogoro Region include TANROADS and TBA as a case. Agency theory and Institutional theory together with empirical studies conducted in developed and developing countries were used as basis for the developing of the conceptual framework. Both quantitative and qualitative research designs were used. The Judgmental sampling technique was used to collect data from 137 respondents using structured questionnaires and to collect data from 10 respondents through interviews. One way Anova and Multiple regression were used to analyze quantitative data while explanation building process was used for qualitative data. The study findings through regression analysis indicate that ethical standards and working environment were significant influence procurement performance of works in public organizations since they have significant value of 0.009 and 0.000 respectively which is below 0.05 while professionalism and information were insignificant determiners with significant values of 0.267 and 0.450 respectively which is above 0.05. The study had several implications to policy makers and practitioners and suggests future studies to determine procurement performance in both public and private sector
The Role and the Process of a Maritime Hub in International Trade: An Example in Djibouti
No full textInternational trade is the exchange of goods and services between countries, in addition, The hub perception is referred to by different definitions based on its functioning, including logistics center, logistics zone, freight terminal, distribution process, and warehouse. However, Geographical location plays a role that encourages a country's economic improvements. This study investigated, the role and the process of maritime hubs (i.e. export and import) in international trade, as an example of Djibouti, which was explained through in-depth interviews. how Djibouti is considered a maritime hub in terms of exportation and exportation, logistics operations, and its implication to international trade in literature as well as its location in the Horn of Africa, the study aims to reveal the point of view of the companies that provide goods and services. study, as a research method, the study is examined in in-depth interviews with 15 companies within the integrated international logistics (i.e. goods and services) and transportation sectors. According to the findings, half of the companies emphasize enhanced resource flows, particularly technology, and infrastructure, as well as employment growth, however, agreed on the potential of Djibouti regional maritime hub in the Horn of Africa