Journal of International Trade, Logistics and Law (JITAL - İstanbul Commerce University)
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Reconstruction of The Regulation of the Utilization of Abandoned Land in Accordance with the Principles of Quality Spatial Planning Law
No full textUtilization of abandoned land that does not pay attention to social aspects can lead to marginalization for certain groups, such as indigenous peoples or the poor, who may lose access to land that they previously managed traditionally. Therefore, it is important to involve all parties in the planning process so that the utilization of abandoned land can provide fair and equitable benefits for all levels of society. This objective is reflected in the principles stipulated in the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) No. 5 of 1960, especially in Articles 2 and 6 which state that all land rights have a social function. Reconstruction of legal norms in the regulation of abandoned land is also very important so that there are regulations that are comprehensive and responsive to dynamics in the field. This reconstruction not only functions to provide legal clarity, but also guarantees the protection of the rights of previous owners and prevents social conflicts in the future. More than just a transfer of ownership, the reuse of abandoned land must be carried out in a planned and directed manner, referring to the principle of sustainable land use. This principle emphasizes the importance of land use that takes into account the balance between economic benefits, environmental sustainability, and social sustainability. Abandoned land that has been re-managed by the state can be directed to support better spatial planning such as the development of green open spaces, food agriculture areas, people's settlements, or public facilities, all of which have a direct impact on improving the quality of life of the community
Lessons for the 21st Century’s Trade Wars: A Brief History of the Mercantilist Policies
No full textThe Paper starts with an Introduction section, which proceeds with a section dedicated to Literature Review. The following section looks at the selected trade wars in a historical context. The rise of mercantilism, the role of colonies, imperialism, freer trade, protectionism, the impact of tariffs and other mercantilist, and its offshoot, neomercantilist, policies on relations between nations were briefly summarized with reference to selected examples. These examples included the Navigation Acts, the Boston Tea Party, the Opium Wars, the Cobden-Chevalier Commerce Treaty, the Méline Tariff, the American System, the Fordney-McCumber Tariff, the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act, and the banana wars. Examples were selected based on their historical significance and role in shaping international trade. Its focus is mainly on the mercantilist trade policies carried out by two hegemonic powers, ie Britain and the United States, which used these policies dexteriously when they were rising to their hegemonic positions during the period under investigation. The Paper ends with the Conclusion section, which draws attention to the possible lessons from these historical examples to the 21st century’s statesmen and policymakers for their intended trade wars
The Mediating Effect of Country Brand Image on the Relationship Between Commercial Diplomacy and Export Performance
No full textThis study aims to examine the effect of commercial diplomacy on export performance and to demonstrate the mediating role of country brand image in this relationship. In the global trade environment, countries compete not only through economic capacity but also through their effectiveness in international relations. In this context, commercial diplomacy refers to the strategic use of diplomatic channels, such as foreign missions, to generate economic benefits and enhance firms’ access to international markets. The research was conducted through a survey administered to 259 participants working in Turkey’s export sector. Correlation, regression, and structural equation modeling analyses reveal that commercial diplomacy has both direct and indirect effects on export performance, with country brand image playing a significant mediating role. Based on these findings, the study recommends the development of more effective commercial diplomacy strategies through stronger public-private cooperation
The Assessment of Functionality of National Electronic Procurement System of Tanzania (NeST) in Procurement Process on Local Governments. A case of Kinondoni Municipal Council
No full textThis study assessed the functionality of the National Electronic Procurement System of Tanzania (NeST) in the procurement process at Kinondoni Municipal Council. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, utilizing questionnaires collected from 100 respondents and interviewing 15 key informants, including procurement officers, contract managers, compliance officers, and other system users. The quantitative data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS and thematic analysis for qualitative data. Reliability of the research instruments was established through pre-testing and the computation of Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, all of which yielded values exceeding the recommended threshold of 0.7, indicating acceptable internal consistency. The findings indicated that NeST is largely functional, as most users rated its processing speed as moderate to fast and reported low error rates; however, challenges such as system downtime and limited automation persist. Overall, NeST was concluded to be a significant step forward in improving public procurement practices within local government authorities in Tanzania. Therefore, the government should implement appropriate measures to improve the system's speed and ensure that all procuring entities have reliable internet access, allowing users to utilize the system effectively. Moreover, the system should integrate with other systems that are used in procurement contract management
Linking Organizational Innovation to Export Performance and Competitive Advantage: Evidence from Technology Producing Businesses
No full text: This study investigates the interplay between organizational innovation, competitive advantage, and export performance within technology-producing businesses in Turkiye. The study explores not only the direct effects of organizational innovation on export performance but also the mediating role of competitive advantage in this relationship. To achieve this, data were collected through a mixed-mode survey methodology, combining face-to-face and online questionnaires administered between January and April 2025. The sample comprised 548 upper-middle-level managers operating in the export departments of large, medium, and small-sized technology producing businesses in Turkiye. The findings demonstrate that organizational innovation has a significant and positive effect on export performance. Moreover, competitive advantage is shown to strongly influence export outcomes and serves as a critical mediating factor between organizational innovation and export performance. These results highlight the strategic importance of fostering innovation capabilities to strengthen international competitiveness. The study offers valuable insights for both scholars and practitioners by advancing theoretical understanding and providing actionable implications for innovation-driven export strategies in emerging economies
Challenges in the Implementation of Animal Law Protection in Indonesia
No full textIn 2022, the Social Media Animal Cruelty Coalition (SMACC) identified Indonesia as the principal jurisdiction of origin for digital content depicting animal cruelty. Among 5,480 documented instances globally, 1,626 (29.7%) were traced to Indonesia. While Indonesia has established a statutory framework for animal protection—encompassing provisions within the Criminal Code (KUH Pidana) and specialized legislation including Law No. 41/2014 (amending Law No. 18/2009 on Livestock and Animal Health)—enforcement efficacy remains substantially compromised by structural, societal, and institutional deficiencies. This empirical study examines implementation challenges within Indonesia's animal protection regime, utilizing survey data from 62 respondents. Key findings indicate: Prevalence of Violations: 60.66% of respondents reported direct exposure to animal abuse cases, while 82.26% witnessed instances of animal neglect. Awareness-Deficit Disparity: Although 70.97% demonstrated awareness of existing animal protection statutes, 91.94% characterized these regulations as substantively inadequate. Systemic Implementation Failures: Near-unanimous dissatisfaction was expressed regarding:Law enforcement efficacy (98.39%). Public awareness dissemination (100%).Societal engagement (100%). The analysis applies theoretical frameworks concerning legal efficacy and implementation deficits to evaluate these systemic impediments. Proposed remedial measures encompass statutory enhancement, targeted public education initiatives, and fortified enforcement mechanisms. The study underscores the exigency of comprehensive policy reform to advance animal welfare protections within Indonesia's legal architecture
Examining the Role of Physical Environment on Labour Mobility in Dodoma High Court in Tanzania
No full textThis study examined the role of the physical environment in influencing labor mobility at Dodoma High Court, Tanzania, employing a cross-sectional research design. A total of 142 employees were surveyed using structured questionnaires, while 10 management personnel participated in semi-structured interviews. Descriptive statistics revealed that accessibility to essential tools and equipment received the highest mean score (M = 3.84, SD = 1.195), indicating that employees perceived the workplace as well-equipped. Safety measures were rated positively (M = 2.99, SD = 1.148), suggesting a secure environment. Office layout and space for collaborative work received moderate scores (M = 2.68, SD = 1.151; M = 2.68, SD = 1.133). Content analysis of management interviews confirmed these findings, highlighting the importance of investing in physical workspace improvements to enhance job satisfaction and reduce labor mobility. The study concludes that a well-maintained physical environment positively impacts employee retention, suggesting that organizations like the Dodoma High Court should prioritize safety, access to resources, and collaborative workspace design to mitigate labor mobility. This research provides a basis for policy improvements and organizational strategies that focus on optimizing the physical work environment to retain employees
Customer Relationship Management Practices: Organizational Performance in SMEs of the Food Manufacturing Industry
No full textThe purpose of this research is to analyze and explain the impact of CRM practices on organizational performance in Small and Medium Enterprises in the Food Manufacturing Industry. This conceptual review focuses on the literature evidence showing positive or negative correlations between organizational performance and context factors chosen in the CRM strategy and implementation model. The proposed model integrates elements that have already been integrated into the literature review on CRM model and implementation as there was also a need to choose elements carefully to adapt and recreate CRM strategy and implementation model for this research paper.Organizational performance of the CRM strategy and implementation model was used to support and argue with the literature review on key elements, such as Business Development, Customer Retention, Customer Acquisition Strategies, and Concerning also with techniques, systems, and technologies building loyalty and ways of attracting new consumers despite of those already there. This paper offers the SMEs of the food manufacturing industry clear guidelines for how the CRM strategy and implementation model by using the Evolution of CRM readiness, CRM project management strategy, Strategy development process, Value creation process, Multi-channel integration process, Performance assessment process, CRM change management strategy, Data repository (warehouse), Employee Engagement process can impact and be used to facilitate and improve organizational performance and result in positive outcomes that will help SME of food manufacturing industry achieve a competitive advantage
Measuring Brand Equity in the Airline Industry of Türkiye
No full textThe aim of this study is to measure brand equity in Türkiye’s airline industry by using Aaker’s (1991) brand equity model, with the addition of Keller’s (1993) brand image concept. The five key factors of brand equity which are brand loyalty, perceived quality, brand awareness, brand associations, and brand image are investigated from the perspective of airline passengers in Türkiye. A quantitative and cross-sectional research was used, and data were collected via a structured survey. Also, Confirmatory Factor Analysis was conducted to test model’s validity, followed by Pearson’s Correlation Analysis to examine hypothesized relationships. Additionally, the results confirmed that there is significant relationship among all factors, although moderating effect of income level was not supported
Examining the Effect of Erp System on Financıal Management System at a Public Sector: Case in State Supply Office (DMO) between 2012-2022
No full textEnterprise resource planning enables businesses to operate more effectively and efficiently in areas such as purchasing, production, inventory management and financial management by integrating all business processes. The most important indicator of success in both public and private sectors is the performance of businesses, and financial management has a significant impact on this performance. The success of financial management is generally measured by financial performance. The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of the ERP system on the financial management of the State Supply Office. In the research, the effect of the ERP system on financial performance was evaluated within the scope of the multiple linear regression analysis method. The research findings show that especially equity and long-term debts are important factors affecting financial performance. In this context, it was concluded that DMO can increase its financial performance if it optimizes equity management and debt structure.