Journal of International Trade, Logistics and Law (JITAL - İstanbul Commerce University)
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Setting of Advocates' Organization in Indonesia with the Single Bar Model to Realize Advocates' Professionalism
No full textIn various countries, advocate organizations or Bar Associations in practice are not uniform in form (single bar, multi bar, federation), which is influenced by a number of factors including the legal system, history, professional development and choice of professional needs. Institutionally, the form and system with many advocate organizations in a country are acceptable, but the same standards are still needed to create standardized advocate quality. Referring to the UN Basic Principles on the Role of Lawyers, the Government, Advocate Professional Organizations and Educational Institutions must jointly ensure that advocates undergo an adequate education and training system, and have knowledge of the duties and functions of an ideal and ethical advocate. Although the Advocate Law has adopted a single bar to carry out the function of a single regulator, in practice it shows that many organizations when carrying out the function of an advocate organization cannot in fact guarantee the same standards in maintaining the quality of the advocate profession. The process of recruiting advocates, for example, uses different standards between one organization and another, making it difficult to ensure the competence/quality of the same advocate. Enforcement of the Advocate Code of Ethics is also still considered insufficient, because advocates who are suspected of violating ethics when being processed in an advocate organization may still be able to change their membership to another advocate organization
The Nature and Urgency of the Omnibus Method Regulation in Law Number 13 Of 2022
No full textThe omnibus concept is intended to offer a solution to problems caused by too many regulations (over regulation) and frequent overlapping between regulations (overlapping). Both of these problems are not easy to solve in the usual way, because it will take a long time and a lot of money. In order to overcome these problems, the omnibus method is considered one of the responsive and progressive methods in solving the problems of over regulation and overlapping in Indonesia. The implementation of this research applies normative legal methods. There are several factors that cause too many regulations to be born in our country. First, many people think that every legal problem can be resolved by forming a regulation. Second, every examiner in carrying out their duties and functions always questions the existence or absence of regulations that serve as a legal umbrella or as a basis. Third, in determining the budget, the Ministry of Finance also often passes or does not pass the budget of ministries/institutions based on the existence or absence of regulations as a legal umbrella. The nature and urgency of the omnibus method regulation in Law 13 of 2022 concerning the Second Amendment to Law 12 of 2011 concerning the Formation of Legislation (PPP Law), when viewed with Aristotle's approach that the essence of law exists because of causality, the omnibus method regulation in the PPP Law is more inclined to be caused by the existence of a goal (causa finalis)
The Extent of Social Media's Influence on The Decisions Of Consumers
No full textSocial Media is part of the 21st century, it cannot be escaped as it has become an essential way that society communicates its ideas, beliefs and feelings. Jenny (2016), stated “Social media can be broadly defined as the set of interactive Internet applications that facilitate (collaborative or individual) creation, curation, and sharing of user-generated content”. Data was collected from 332 respondents, revealing significant insights into consumer behavior. A large proportion (48.8%) of respondents indicated that they may change their initial purchase decision after researching relevant information on social media. The study also found that 97.6% of respondents believe social media makes decision-making easier, highlighting its effectiveness as a tool for consumers. On customer retention, results suggest that social media enhances customer service and provides reliable, efficient information. However, a considerable portion (40.9%) disagreed that social media alone can change initial purchase preferences. The findings underscore the power of social media in shaping consumer behavior, improving customer service, and driving business growth, while also highlighting challenges related to the credibility of information. Chi-square tests confirmed the significance of these findings, suggesting that social media plays a crucial role in modern marketing strategies.
Evaluating the Impact of Negotiation Team Competency on the Performance of Construction Procurement Contracts: Insights from Dodoma City Council
No full textNegotiation has consequently improved the quality and quantity of goods, services, or works hence person's ability and skills to negotiation is crucial for both formal and informal business transactions. This study assessed the influence of negotiation team skills and competence on the performance of procurement contract. The study employed a cross-sectional research design where data were collected form Dodoma city employees which included; engineers, Procurement unit, user departments, persons involved in procurement contracts Negotiation and heads of departments. Interview; questionnaire and document review used for collecting; qualitative and quantitative data. The analysis of qualitative data was through content analysis were themes and quotes established to respond to study objectives. Quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics whereby results were presented using mean, SD, frequencies, percepts and regression. The findings show that negotiation skills and competencies had a positive statistically significance to the performance of procurement contracts. The study reveals that for successful negotiation, the negotiation team must possess good communication skills, technical skills and contracting skills which helps effective procurement contract negotiation and result to good performance of procurement contracts. The study recommends for, procuring entities to equip selected negotiation team through training on negotiation knowledge, skills and attitude
Effective Use of Digital Marketing in the Mental Health Industry
No full textThe study explores the usefulness of digital marketing strategies (DMS) in promoting the awareness of mental health in Asia as it investigates relationships between DMS, ethics, feedback processes, target audiences, and marketing aims. Quantitative approach was adopted and 200 professionals working in the mental health sector in Asia were surveyed. The proposed model was tested in terms of SPSS and SmartPLS. The results indicated positive correlations between DMS and marketing goals, target audience and ethics, and target audience and marketing goals. Ethics, however, did not produce any significant influence in the feedback mechanisms. The results indicate that successful mental health marketing is based on proper targeting of audience and a need to use culturally suitable language. The research leads to the literature on marketing in digital health by providing a vision on the ethical and strategic opportunities of mental health organizations to magnify their reach in sensitive and diversified environments
The Impact of Social Media on the Gaming Industry
No full textThe intersection of social media and gaming has evolved into a powerful nexus within the digital entertainment ecosystem, reshaping how games are marketed, consumed, and experienced. This study explores the historical development, current dynamics, and future trajectories of the relationship between social media and the gaming industry, with a focus on the Turkish context. Grounded in a mixed-methods research design, the study draws on a combination of literature review, online surveys (N=450), expert interviews, focus groups, and social media content analysis to investigate the multi-faceted integration of these two industries. Findings highlight that platforms such as YouTube, TikTok, and Twitch have become dominant channels for game discovery and community engagement, with influencers and user-generated content playing a critical role in shaping gamer behavior and preferences. The data indicates a generational shift toward short-form content and social-first gaming experiences, especially among Gen Z and Millennials. Additionally, emerging technologies like virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and AI-generated content are influencing both gameplay and marketing strategies. The research identifies significant trends, including the rise of mobile gaming, the importance of digital communities (Discord, Reddit), and the growing impact of influencer-driven marketing
Statism and the Cooperative Movement in Early Republican Türkiye: Empowerment and Constraint
No full textThis article examines the cooperative movement in Early Republican Türkiye (1923–1938) within the intersecting institutional and discursive frameworks of statism. It argues that while the state promoted cooperatives as instruments of rural empowerment, national economic consolidation, and social solidarity, their autonomy was limited by mechanisms such as ministerial approval, state-supervised finance, and rigorous inspection. Although both the number and membership of cooperatives grew rapidly during the 1930s, this growth unfolded under strict administrative and fiscal oversight. The analysis reveals that statism operated through a dual logic: it enabled cooperative expansion via incentives, such as tax exemptions, access to credit, and organizational support, while simultaneously restricting grassroots autonomy through hierarchical control. This duality contributes to debates on state-led development by illustrating how institutional design shapes not only macroeconomic outcomes but also collective organization. It also advances the historiography of cooperatives by clarifying the relationship between the legal frameworks and long-term self-organization.
The Effects of Inward Foreign Direct Investment on Gross Domestic Product and Innovation-Driven Entrepreneurship: A Conceptual and Empirical Approach
No full textOne of the most significant economic developments of the 20th century is the acceleration of free capital flows due to market globalization. International capital flows can be broken down into three distinct segments: foreign direct investments, cross-border portfolio investments, and loans. Foreign direct investment refers to investments made by real or legal persons from one country into another. Inward FDI provides benefits such as increasing production capacity, creating jobs, transferring intellectual capital, and spreading global business knowledge by facilitating capital inflows to the host country. Inward FDI flows indicate how much investment an economy attracts over a specific period. In the literature, while the periodic positive effect of the flow on gross domestic product is determined, its relationship with entrepreneurship and innovation varies. The fact that inward FDI flows are statistically significant with GDP is beneficial in the short run, but in the long run, the endogenous resources in sustainable development show their meaning with their impact on entrepreneurship and innovation; the contribution of foreign investors to innovation by transferring their intellectual capital to the locality as planned by the investor is discussed. To conceptualize this network of relationships, our study examines the connections among inward FDI flows, GDP, entrepreneurship, and innovation using structural equation modeling based on five years of data from 43 countries. Inward FDI flow data is obtained from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, GDP data is sourced from the World Bank, entrepreneurship data comes from the Global Entrepreneurship and Development Institute, and innovation data is acquired from the World Intellectual Property Organization
The Effects of Auditing Duration and Enforcement Mechanisms for Procurement Performance in Tanzania
No full textThis study aimed to examine the effects of auditing duration and the enforcement mechanisms on procurement performance in Tanzania. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design. Both probability and non-probability sampling techniques were employed to obtain a sample size of 132 respondents drawn from four (4) Local Government Authorities (LGAs). Data were collected through questionnaires, supplemented by a documentary review and interviews. Data were analyzed qualitatively using content analysis and quantitatively using descriptive and multiple regression analysis. Findings show that the time allowed to audited entities to respond to audit queries was not enough, the enforcement mechanism is inefficient in reporting procurement misconduct, and infrequent monitoring through auditing by the Public Procurement Regulatory Authority (PPRA) to public entities. This study is limited in terms of scope as it covered four (4) LGAs, thus, facing the challenge of findings be used to generalize to all 184 LGAs in Tanzania. Auditors should be given enough time to audit the assigned Procuring entities, while auditees should be given enough time to respond to queries raised by auditors. On the other hand, enforcement organs should make sure that all audit recommendations are implemented as they were recommended by auditors timely
A Bibliometric Analysis of the Relationship between the Green Deal and Foreign Trade Performance
No full textSustainability and many disciplines prefixed with green have been among the most frequently discussed topics in the first quarter of the twenty-first century. Green transformation, green logistics, green agreement, sustainable businesses, and sustainable and green economies are examples. This study examined the effects of the green agreement on foreign trade performance and conducted a bibliometric analysis on this topic. Scopus was used as the database for the research. Differences and similarities compared to the previously discussed Web of Science database were also revealed. Both the Web of Science-based and the Scopus-based bibliometric analyses share a key finding: that future development will shift its focus and necessitate policies on foreign trade performance to align with sustainability goals. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations were presented for academia, the public sector, and the real sector