Journal of International Trade, Logistics and Law (JITAL - İstanbul Commerce University)
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War and Pandemic: Impact on Global Food Security
Get PDFThe Covid-19 pandemic and ongoing war between Russia-Ukraine have impacted global food security and had significant impact on global food supply disruption. These challanges has had significant impact on six key areas including food production, processing and storage; food transport and logistics; food markets; consumers; food-dependent services; and food quality. Europe and Africa are the regions that have been most significantly affected. The objective of this research is to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine on the worldwide food security situation. The data underwent analysis and comprehensive examination from exsisting literature over the course of the year 2022. The study findings indicate that the Russia-Ukraine conflict during the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on global food supply disruptions. The ongoing conflict poses a threat to the realization of SDGs related to poverty, hunger, and responsible consumption and production. Therefore, governments can take public policy and education actions to address these challenges as strategic measures
A Research on Online Payment Tendencies of Consumers
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to investigate consumer preferences towards online payment services and to analyze the factors influencing their choice of online payment. A digital survey was administered to 152 participants aged 18 and over living in Turkey between the dates of March 1, 2023, and May 30, 2023, using convenience sampling. Frequency, factor, correlation, and ANOVA analyses were conducted within the scope of the study's analysis. The results indicate a strong positive relationship between the sources of awareness about online payment during product purchasing and the factors affecting online payment during online purchasing. Furthermore, a significant difference was found between the issues encountered during online payment and the frequency of using Google Payment. The uniqueness of this research compared to other studies lies in its focus on the online payment system in Turkey, specifically how different online payment systems and consumers' perceptions of online payments influence consumer behavior. While there are various studies conducted for different countries in the literature, there is no study specifically addressing online payment systems in Turkey. The results of this study can be utilized for future research in Turkey on online payment systems and consumer behavior, allowing for detailed analyses based on each different online payment system. In this study, the Google Payment system in Turkey is examined in detail from the consumers' perspective.
Brand Management Internationalization: Case Study of Nike
Get PDFGlobal branding relies on brand management internationalization, which is critical to building and managing brands beyond national boundaries. This requires developing brand strategies that address the specific needs and preferences of international markets while maintaining the brand's essential values and character. Various theories and models have been proposed to guide brand management internationalization, including the standardization-adaptation debate, the cultural dimensions theory, the brand identity model, etc. As a case study, Nike is a well-known global brand that has managed its international brand image through effective brand management strategies. Nike's success in international markets is due to its ability to balance standardization and adaptation in its brand management approach. Nike has also successfully leveraged cultural differences across international markets to create emotional connections with consumers. The use of technology and digital platforms has also played a significant role in Nike's brand management and internationalization efforts. Overall, brand management internationalization is a critical aspect of global marketing that requires a deep understanding of international markets, cultural differences, and consumer behavior. By leveraging the appropriate theories and models, companies like Nike can successfully navigate the challenges of international brand management and create strong global brands that resonate with consumers across different geographies
Forward Integration into Global Value Chains and Pollution Haven Hypothesis in Somalia
Get PDFThis study investigates whether Somalia’s forward integration into global value chains (GVCs) sets it up as a pollution haven, while controlling for the effects of gross domestic product, renewable energy, urban population and trade openness. Annual time-series data set for the period 1992-2018 is analyzed via dynamic least squares regression analysis. The empirical results show that a percentage rise in the domestic value added of Somalia’s exports causes an increase of 0.274% in CO2 emissions. The study outcome therefore reveals that forward integration into global value chains significantly aggravates environmental pollution in the country. This is in confirmation of the study hypothesis that Somalia may be serving as a pollution haven because of the relatively lax environmental policies that permit the inflow of pollution-intensive foreign direct investments. It may also be due to the dominance of primary commodities in its exports which places it at the beginning of the GVC spectrum. A number of policy recommendations are provided
The Individual Employment Contracts in Conflict of Laws Under International and Domestic Labour Relation Laws in Mainland Tanzania
Get PDFJob mobility has become an enormous issue in the current modern world. All over the world, people sometimes move from one place to another in search of green pastures and life. Persons are sometimes forced by circumstances, as earlier stated, to move and work in countries far from places of their original nationalities. It is on such a note that, persons are compelled to abide by employment contracts that are governed by laws, not of their countries of origin. In the course of working, inevitably, employment disputes become unavoidable, and in this situation, where there is an issue to be dealt with by the courts of law in this area, a complex issue of which law should apply in determining the issue in question arises and becomes a task of the court to make a determination of the same. This article generally discusses individual employment contracts in conflict of laws perspectives under international and domestic labour relation laws, with a special focus on the Rome Conventions, its Regulations, and labour laws applicable in Mainland Tanzania. The article also addresses circumstances under which the Rome Convention, its existing Regulations as well as domestic labour relation laws pave the way in addressing the issue of individual employment contracts in the field of conflicts of laws in Mainland Tanzania. Specifically, this work addresses the concept of employee and employer view of the international and domestic labour relation laws as used also in conflict of laws. This is touched on in this research article because it is one of the complicated areas when it comes to the determination of employment contract disputes containing a foreign element, which has indeed caused a great debate in conflict of laws
The Adoption of Information & Communication Technology in Managing Supply Chain Integration
Get PDFDue to rising demand and supply disruptions, supply chain operations have adopted information and communication technologies more frequently in recent years. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the degree of ICT adoption and the approaches taken in the processing business. The paper adopts a mixed approach including 259 respondents involved in a survey investigating the extent of ICT adoption in the processing industries and 8 top-level staff of the focal firm tangled in an individual interview to reveal the strategies used in ICT adoption. Taken together, the results show an improvement in the processing industry in ICT adoption. The results indicate that most of the focal firms are in the second phase of ICT adoption called the implementation phase while the most dominant strategies used in adoption include capacity development, building strategic partnerships and firm restructuring. For the focal firm to fully benefit from ICT adoption in operations and organizational performance, the focal firm must make improvements, including involving all stakeholders in their effort to digitalize supply chain operations. Meanwhile, other participants in the production of dairy products in Tanzania and elsewhere need to understand the significance of ICT adoption and SCI as well as the advantages they can all derive from this engagement. The study shed new light on the effective strategies that can be employed to enable the effective adoption of ICT to improve the performance of the entire supply chain. These results add to the rapidly expanding ICT adoption in the processing industry and other related industries
The Right to Regulate in Natural Wealth and Resources in Tanzania: Challenges and Prospects
Get PDFThis article examines the right to regulate in Tanzania amidst legal reforms in natural wealth and resources done in 2017. The right to regulate seeks to balance investor’s economic interests in investment protection with host states’ interests in pursuing public policy objectives such as environmental protection and human rights (distributive justice). Achieving this delicate balance, however, is quite tricky. While these legal reforms elevated the right to regulate to new lights, they equally exposed Tanzania to new investment arbitration claims. This article has reviewed related literature, statutes and case laws and observed that regulatory measures taken in pursuance of these reforms may be at odds with investment treaty standards and commitments entered by Tanzania in investment treaties. This is especially so given the fact that majority of investment treaties entered by Tanzania do not contain provisions recognizing or implicating right of states to regulate. It is, therefore, recommended that Tanzania should review investment treaties so that they also reflect right of states to regulate. By complementing efforts done under domestic investment laws, this will help to safeguard the right of state to regulate
Comparative Legal Analysis between the Competence of Otoritas Jasa Keuangan and Monetary Authority of Singapore on the Enforcement
Get PDFThis article shall therefore look into the competencies of both Indonesian and Singaporean capital market supervisory and regulatory bodies, namely Otoritas Jasa Keuangan and Monetary Authority of Singapore. It further assesses the effectiveness of each body in implementing law enforcement towards insider trading practices in specific. It shall also further evaluate the passiveness portrayed by the Indonesian counterpart when it comes to the eradication of wary trading activities in the market as well as variables that are weighed in towards its implementation. Normative-empirical research is used for this article as it takes legal principles, legal system, and comparative approach. The materials relied on for this article include an interview with a capital market lawyer, an analysis of the law and other supporting documents, as well as a comparative study. The nature of competence between Indonesia and Singapore’s capital market supervisory and regulatory bodies is quite similar which adopts integrated approach towards regulation and supervision of the capital market with adequate authorities attributed to them. Since 2012, OJK replaces the role of Bapepam-LK to administer the Capital Market Law as an independent body. OJK is responsible for enacting rules and supervisory of the sector
The Growing Role of Digital Media in International Trade
Get PDFBusinesses that are involved in international commerce are beginning to recognize the growing importance of digital media as a tool. Utilizing digital media in international commerce may result in a number of positive outcomes, including higher productivity, decreased expenses, and enhanced levels of communication. However, digital media also presents important obstacles, such as risks associated with cybersecurity, the existence of a digital divide, and the need for new rules at the international level. In this study, we investigate the expanding importance of digital media in international commerce and talk about the advantages, disadvantages, and future possibilities of this phenomenon. In addition to this, the paper offers suggestions for both governments and enterprises for how to make the most of digital media in international commerce
The Effect of FDI and Financial Development Markets on Sub-Sahara African Economy: An Empirical Study Based on VAR Model
Get PDFThis paper investigates the effect of FDI and financial development markets on GDP growth in 35 Sub-Sahara African (SSA) economies over the period 1980-2020. The results in the Vector Autoregression (VAR) Models indicate that FDI has no significant impact on the GDP growth of SSA. However, two variables of financial development have got positive significant effect on the economic growth of SSA. Moreover, the result of the granger causality test show that financial development have significant causality effects on the economic growth of SSA