Journal of International Trade, Logistics and Law (JITAL - İstanbul Commerce University)
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State Relationship with Private Legal Entities on Oil and Natural Gas Management in Indonesia
Get PDFIndonesia has Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945 (UUD NRI 1945), Chapter 33 (3) UUD NRI 1945 give a mandate to the state that is equipped with the right to control the state as an instrument to achieve one of the highest goals of establishment Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI), that is: promote the general welfare. The state represented by BP Oil and gas and then SKK Oil and gas, is in an unequal position with private legal entities in the upstream oil and gas business. The concept of the relationship between the state and private legal entities in the management of oil and gas is deemed by the MK to be inappropriate or contrary to the meaning Chapter 33 (3) UUD NRI 1945, which causes the lack of realization of oil and gas management for the greatest prosperity of the people. Management of oil and gas resources that are not in line or contrary to meaning Chapter 33 (3) UUD NRI 1945 can cause the goal of the greatest prosperity of the people not to be achieved. In the management so far, it is difficult to realize the nature of the constitutional management of oil and gas resources, this occurs because the Government of Indonesia as the representative of the state is apparently unable to maintain state sovereignty and adequate state control rights in the presence of foreign contractors involved in the management of oil and natural gas resources. through cooperation contracts due to ignoring priorities to government agencies such as independent BUMN. BUMN must dominate the management of oil and gas as strategic natural wealth in Indonesia, so that state sovereignty and the right to control the state can be used for the greatest prosperity of the people without third party intervention
Globalization Impact on Advertising: Theories and Strategies in Global Markets
Get PDFThis article titled “Globalization impact on advertising: Theories and strategies in global markets. The authors provide an overview of globalization and its impact on the global economy, including the advertising sector. The article analyzes several key concepts related to advertising and globalization, such as cultural sensitivity, new technology usage, and the demand for global market research. To develop effective advertising approaches for the global market, the writers stress the need of having a thorough awareness of the cultural and economic traditions of other nations. The AIDA model, Hierarchy of Effects Model, Elaboration Likelihood Model and Social Learning Theory, are just a few of the advertising models covered in the article that give the theoretical underpinnings for comprehending how advertising influences consumer behavior. Extensive market research is frequently used in global advertising to gain insights into the distinct requirements and preferences of consumers in various regions. This empowers advertisers to create messages that proficiently convey the unique value proposition of their brand. Overall, this article gives insights for marketers to successfully traverse the global market and shines light on how the advertising environment is changing in the age of globalization
Assesment of Blockchain-Based P2P (Pear to Pear) Transactions in International Trade with Swot Analysis
Get PDFBlockchain is known as a digitalized, decentralized online computer network on which a public ledger of all cryptocurrency transactions stored and it attempts to create and share all transactions that are verified by using a peer-to-peer (P2P) connected computer network. From the point of production to the truncating the international trade finance process or recording the customs procedures control, many companies are taking the advantages of blockchain technology day by day. The development of peer-to-peer payment systems make the crypto-currencies capable of dealing with not only the individual money transfers but also with the international trade activities. Expected result of this development is an increase the international trade volume in the short run. There are both threats and opportunities in terms of blockchain-based peer-to-peer commercial transactions. And also, some strengths and weaknesses due to the internal structure of the blockchain system. In this study, we are analyzing online peer-to-peer commercial activities via SWOT analysis from the perspective of institutions. It is expected that this study will enable to analyze the major factors of the peer-to-peer transactions in international trade facilities by applying "SWOT analysis". Even though there are a lot of research about blockchain in the local literature, institutional dimension in terms of the state-of-the-art cases of the adoption of blockchain in transport and logistics are studied scarcely in Turkey and hopefully will guide the academicians who want to work in this field
Digital Transformation Processes of Manufacturing Enterprises in Organized Industrial Zones: The Effect of Digital Transformation on Competitiveness in International Trade
Get PDFToday, enterprises producing in every sector are looking for ways to increase efficiency and quality in their manufacturing processes. In the globalizing world economy, competition conditions are increasing day by day, and the cost of each product produced is monitored and kept under control. Most of the manufacturing enterprises operate in Organized Industrial Zones (OIZ). OIZ, in order to ensure the structuring of the industry in suitable areas, to direct urbanization, to prevent unplanned industrialization and environmental problems, to use the resources rationally, to place the industrial types within the scope of a certain plan, to establish certain laws in the necessary administrative, social and technical infrastructure areas within the zoning plans of the previously determined land plots. It refers to the production regions of goods and services that are operated in accordance with the provisions of the law. It is observed that manufacturing enterprises operating in OIZ regions face difficulties in digital transformation processes. These challenging processes can cause many manufacturing businesses not to switch to digital transformation. However, with the right planning and management of the manufacturing enterprises in the OIZ, the digital transformation processes will be much easier, faster and less costly. Manufacturing enterprises that complete their digital transformation processes gain advantages over their competitors in international trade in terms of performance and productivity gains. In this study, the digital transformation processes of the manufacturing enterprises in the OIZs will be examined, and the difficulties experienced, the application methods and the advantages provided after digital transformation will be discussed. It is aimed to contribute to the digital transformation processes of manufacturing enterprises located in other OIZs by examining the application methods of digital transformation in an exemplary manufacturing enterprise in detail. The advantages of manufacturing companies that have successfully completed digital transformation and their impact on competitiveness in international trade will be examined
Filling the Vacancy for the Position of Vice Head of Regional Head Who Are Inability to Continue to Review with Jurisdictional Aspects
Get PDFIn running the regional government, it is undeniable that something will happen that creates a vacancy, in this case there are also many deputy regional heads who quit before their term of office expires, such as resigning, dying from a long-standing illness, and there are also those whose positions are terminated. In Law Number 10 of 2016 concerning the second amendment to Law Number 10 of 2015 concerning the Stipulation of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2014 concerning the Election of Governors, Regents and Mayors to become Laws, precisely in the provisions of article 176 paragraph ( 4) who wants to fill the vacancy for the deputy regional head who still has a remaining position of more than 18 (eighteen) months. The absence of a legal norm that limits the maximum time for filling vacancies in the position of deputy regional head is a factor why there is no refilling of the position of deputy regional head in Indonesia
Accountability and Transparency Procurement Principles in Good Governance and Human Rights Perspectives in Mainland Tanzania
Get PDFAccountability and transparency procurement principles have played a significant role in establishing good governance in any procurement regime. These principles also safeguard the protection of human rights under human rights principles. These principles if well utilized and implemented, also encourage compliance with human rights norms. In the Tanzanian procurement regime, accountability and transparency procurement principles are also covered under procurement statutory rules. The covered principles are also articulated under regional and international procurement rules to which Tanzania is a party to them. Accountability as a principle is a form of liability that introduces to whom and for what and what is accountable in procurement undertakings. The transparency principle, on the other hand, its essence is to show openness during in entire procurement process. The liability created by the accountability principle and openness in the entire procurement process by authorities, in general, promote good governance and enhance compliance with human rights norms in procurement regimes. Compliance with accountability and transparency procurement principles also improves public confidence in government performance. Absolute compliance with these procurement principles in the procurement regimes ensures taxpayers’ resources utilization trust. In particular, accountability and transparency procurement principles have a close link with good governance and human rights. The two procurement principles are inseparable. The author of this article believes that there is a close link between accountability and transparency procurement principles with good governance and human rights. As earlier noted, it is strongly believed that good governance and human rights play a significant role in enhancing implementation and compliance to procurement principles in public procurement. Further discusses in this paper that despite Tanzania to belief in various human rights principles as articulated by human rights norms, and also belief in human good governance as enshrined under the national Constitution, the current procurement system lacks a constitutional base, and procurement principles under discussion are only recognized under enabling Acts of the Parliament. This article makes emphasis that, there is a need for the current procurement system to be constitutionalized so that public entities conduct procurement based on the procurement principles named above in order to ensure that human rights and good governance goals are full achieved by public entities, without which value for money will never be accomplished in Mainland Tanzania
Electric Vehicles Industry in Emerging Countries: Barriers and Environmental Opportunities
Get PDFGlobalization in Automobile industry is one of the significant discussions nowadays in emerging countries. Conventional car manufacturing in emerging countries has got a great share of global market for many years. Global environmental concerns, climate change due to negative effects of carbon emissions and greenhouse gases lead to increasing the importance of overview the non-renewable fuels consumption patterns to achieve sustainability. Consequently, most countries attempted to raise consciousness about the usage of Electric Vehicles (EVs). However, poor infrastructure technology and high cost of establishing charging stations make the industry capital-intensive. The governments set various strategies such as tax reduction and credit offerings. Moreover, investing in establishing production and manufacturing units causes opportunities to commence EVs productions in many emerging countries as a developed countries. The main aim of this paper is to explain the significance of EV production in emerging countries and review of validity of Environmental Kuznets Curve Model. In the second part, the emphasis is on describing the competitive advantage of Türkiye as an emerging country in EV market globally. Porter's Diamond model and the Country-of-Origin effect are the main discussed theories
The Importance of Modern Services Exports for the Developing Countries: The Case of the BRICS Economies
Get PDFThis article underscores the pivotal role of high-quality services trade in global economic performance, specifically focusing on BRIC countries and Türkiye. The services trade is itself becoming an increasingly important research topic from theoretical, empirical and practical (policy) perspectives. It is suggested that ‘during the 20th century, the industrial sector was reducing its relevance and the third sector; the services becoming more and more relevant’.‘The services are playing an ongoing critical role in transforming international trade and investment patterns, both through enabling the development of value chains and through creating value chains in their own right. The paper highlights the positive impact of sophisticated services exports on economic growth in developing nations. The study assesses the evolution of BRICS' and Türkiye's services exports over the past two decades, using the PRODY and EXPY indices to measure sectoral productivity and export sophistication. The findings have significant implications for researchers and policymakers in developing countries, including Türkiye, as they navigate the changing global services economy. The keywords "services exports sophistication," "high-value-added services," "BRIC," and "Türkiye & Emerging Economies" capture the core themes of the researc
Nickel Ban and Indonesia's Defense: A WTO Dispute with Implications for National Security
Get PDFThe Indonesian government implemented an export ban on unprocessed nickel ore to promote the development of value-added nickel products and establish a strong presence in the global electric vehicle supply chain. This has led to modifications in the country's nickel supply chain and exports. However, the World Trade Organization (WTO) ruled in favor of the European Union's claim that the ban hindered EU manufacturers' access to nickel ore. Indonesia has appealed the verdict, contributing to trade disagreements between the two parties. This study examines the impact of global trade policies on national economic growth and security, focusing on Indonesia's nickel industry. It aims to provide insights into approaches that Indonesia can adopt to enhance its nickel industry and defense capabilities while complying with WTO regulations. The research conducted in Jakarta, Indonesia, in April 2023, employs a comprehensive review of existing literature and grey literature. The collected data underwent content analysis methodologies to present a comprehensive narrative, tables, and figures. Indonesia's nickel industry plays a critical role in the nation's development and national security due to its significant reserves and investments in battery supply chains. However, reconciling domestic interests with global trade commitments, particularly the ban on nickel ore exports, presents challenges. Indonesia can explore strategies such as incentivizing foreign investment and establishing a sustainable regulatory framework to foster the growth of its electric vehicle and steel industries. These measures can help position Indonesia as a key global hub for refined nickel and lithium-ion batteries while complying with WTO regulations
The Effect Of Supply Chain Risk on Resilience: Mediation Role of Supply Chain Integration
Get PDFThis study aims to examine the effect of supply chain risk on supply chain resilience through the mediation of supply chain integration. A sample was collected by purposive sampling, and the data was gathered by using an online survey for three company sectors: manufacturing, logistics, and supply chain management in Java, Indonesia. The data were analyzed with Analysis of Moment Structure structural equation modeling (AMOS-SEM) using AMOS-24. The Result shows that SCR has impact to 3 dimension of integration but only Internal integration impact positively to SCRE whereas supplier and customer integration have not any impact on SCRE. Despite that, SCR still has an effect on SCRE, mediated by SCI. It’s suggest to improve the collaboration and coordination between Supplier and Customer Integration for Resilience of supply chain