Journal of International Trade, Logistics and Law (JITAL - İstanbul Commerce University)
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Factors Affecting Improved Potato Production in Central Ethiopia: Evidence from Duna District
No full textImproved potato production plays a vital role in improving agricultural production and yield enhancing policy in central Ethiopia, particularly in the Duna district. Improved potato is a globally produced cash crop and it accounts for fourth place in the world yield. Improved potato yield is key crop in improving potato growers’ income, and nutritional status. In the agriculture, improved potato is an essential means to leave poverty and food insecurity for many cultivators. Despite the district's better environment and good yield enhancing condition for improved potato, the production is meager. Hence, this research investigates factors affecting improved potato production in central Ethiopia, using data from 189 respondents in the 2022/23 main potato growing season in the Duna district. Both primary and secondary data were used for the data analysis. Descriptive and binary logit methods were applied in this study. The findings of the logit model indicated education, age, off-farm activity, access to land, livestock holding, household soil fertility, fertilizer use, use of credit, access to extension service, provision of improved seed, and the distance to market were important factors influencing improved potato production. The results show that improved potato production at the household level reduces rural farm households’ food insecurity and poverty due to improving the income of improved potato growers. Therefore, the agricultural sector should give a vital role and attention to improved potato production. This is the key option to boost improved potato production in the study district
Economic Impacts of Renewable Energy and Supply Chain in Turkey
No full textThe fact that the reserves of traditional energy sources will run out over the years and the problem of external dependency have led to the development of a renewable energy alternative. In addition to supply and cost problems, traditional energy sources can cause irreversible damage to nature. The need for energy is increasing day by day and is directly related to the existence of living communities, human beings and civilizations in every region of life and all over the world. The need for energy and energy-related activities is growing in order to realize economic growth, social improvement and to improve social welfare and health. This study consists of 30 annual observations between 1991 and 2020. While GDP is the Gross Domestic Product for the Turkish economy in constant dollars for 2015, RNE represents the percentage of renewable energy consumption in total energy consumption. In the study, whether the series are stationary or not was tested with Augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) unit root test and Phillips–Perron (PP) unit root tests. It has seen that ADF and PP unit root test findings were obtained for the variables. In this case, it was determined that both variables in the research models were first order stationary variables. There is a statistical cointegration relationship between the variables at the 1% significance level. When the Toda-Yamamoto causality test was applied, it was determined that there was no causality from the renewable energy consumption rate to the Gross Domestic Product; A statistically significant causality was detected from Gross Domestic Product to renewable energy consumption rate
Effects Of E-Procurement Practices On The Performance Of Public Entities
No full textDespite initiatives by the Government of Tanzania to ensure the availability of Information and Communication Technology infrastructure still, the utilization of e-procurement remains low. The current study investigates the effects of e-procurement practices focusing on e-sourcing, e-evaluation, and e-contract on public entities' performance. The study employed the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DOI). A cross-sectional research design and mixed research approach were used. Data were collected from 30 respondents from the Bank of Tanzania Academy, a census survey was applied. Questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data and interview guides served as qualitative data collection tools. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Thematic analysis was employed for qualitative data analysis. The multiple regression model revealed that e-sourcing, e-evaluation, and e-contracts positively and significantly affect public entities' performance. The study concludes that e-sourcing, e-evaluation, and e-contracts contribute to improved public entities' performance. Therefore, procuring entities should invest in technological infrastructure that supports interoperability and enhances communication with stakeholders, provide regular training to staff and vendors to handle technical issues, and implement strong data security measures to build user trust and ensure system integrity
The Contribution of Staff Competence on Procurement Performance in the Parastatal Organizations in Tanzania
No full textThe study aimed to examine the contribution of staff competence to procurement performance in Tanzania's parastatal organizations. It was specifically intended to investigate the effect of staff qualification, staff skills, and management support on procurement performance and make recommendations for improvement. The data were collected from heads of departments at 93 parastatal organizations in Dar es Salaam using structured questionnaires. The study's population consisted of 712 respondents, with a sample size of 256 randomly selected, but only 241 questionnaires were returned, completed, and used for analysis. The data were descriptively and inferentially analyzed using a multiple regression analysis with the help of SPSS version 23. The finding shows that staff qualification, staff technical skills, and management support positively influence procurement performance. The study implied that the procuring entities should ensure that procurement staff are professionally qualified, have technical skills, and are supported by the management to ensure that value for money is achieved from the procurement process within the parastatal organization
Ratio Legis Dispute Resolution Results of Village Head Based on Law Number 6 of 2014 Concerning Villages
No full textA village is a unitary area inhabited by several families who have their own government system. The village is specifically managed and run by the village government, namely a Village Head. The Village Head Election Process is direct, free, confidential, honest, and fair. The process of implementing the Pilkades that has been completed, sometimes there are disputes over the results of the counting of votes for the Village Head election. The settlement of Pilkades disputes is carried out by the Regent or Mayor as stipulated in Article 37 paragraph (6) of Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages. In this paper, explained related to investigate the legislative ratio dispute resolution result of village head. This research uses normative legal research. Ratio Legis arrangement of Dispute Resolution Results of Village Heads Based on Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages provides answers so that dispute resolution does not only look at rechtmatigheid but doelmatigheid and reduce the accumulation of cases in the State Administrative Court
The Mediator Role of Procedures in the Relationship between Business Setup Time and Starting New Business
No full textStarting a new business can sometimes be quite simple and sometimes very challenging. Data from various countries show that this situation varies from region to region. In particular, the setup time and procedures involved in starting a business are important factors that can hinder the business setup process and demotivate entrepreneurs from making a new investment. This study therefore examines the extent to which entrepreneurs are affected by these factors. In the study, 10-year data of 87 different countries were used. These data consist of 3 different variables and include 2610 data in total. The findings demonstrated a positive and significant relationship between business setup time and procedures, a negative and significant relationship between procedures and starting a new business, a negative and significant relationship between business set up time and starting a new business. It was also revealed that procedures have a mediator role on the relationship between business setup time and starting a new business. The results of the study indicate that there should be a global reduction in the time-consuming aspects of business start-up procedures. Addressing these impediments to entrepreneurship and implementing policies that encourage the creation new investment in the economy are important tasks of governments. The research provides quantitative insights to researchers who aim to conduct future studies on this subject
Barriers to e-Commerce Adoption in Morocco SMEs
No full textThis study investigates the main barriers preventing Moroccan SMEs from using e-commerce and it also examines barriers within the technological, legislative, and monetary aspects. Although there were initial challenges like internet connectivity and digital infrastructure, the industry has experienced significant transformations. Nevertheless, persistent hurdles such as the lack of digital skills and cybersecurity issues still impede smooth integration. The comprehensive examination of obstacles and possible remedies is driven by the clear impact that e-commerce has on Morocco's economy. This approach enables a complete comprehension of the complexities associated with the adoption of e-commerce. The research highlights barriers and presents practical suggestions for addressing them. Using that specialization in advancements in technology, adjustments in legislation, academic programs, and economic support, the proposed measures attempt to establish a digital market that is both inclusive and prosperous. Despite the difficulties, there are possibilities in sectors that include agriculture, banking, and healthcare that could allow small and medium organizations (SMEs) to adopt e-commerce
The Role of Competitiveness in the Effect of Outward Foreign Direct Investments on GDP per Capita: A Conceptual Model Proposal
No full textThe world has been rapidly globalizing, starting with communication protocols in 1970 and continuing today with internet technologies, and in the future, tools known as artificial intelligence and the metaverse. It is observed that technological change, especially in a high-uncertainty and hyper-competitive environment, has transformed more rapidly compared to past decades, directly affecting daily lives. This environment is described as economic, financial, and commercial globalization for companies and governments. Governments' development policies are encouraging companies that are Glocalization (think globally, act locally), transitioning from local to global, and benefiting the local areas, aligned with the investment strategies of companies in the home country. Our study examines concepts and relationships through a literature review within the theoretical framework of Dunning's eclectic paradigm, Porter's diamond model, Williamson's transaction cost theory, and strategic behavior theories. In the mentioned competitive environment, companies make their investment decisions outside their home countries considering four motives (resource seeking, efficiency seeking, market seeking, and strategic asset seeking). The aim of this study is to explain, from a competition perspective, why companies that want to gain competitive advantage in a globalizing world or avoid competition in the domestic market are investing out of their home countries. Planned to be conducted in 61 countries across 6 continents, according to the OECD classification, this study aims to contribute both to the companies' outward foreign direct investment decisions and to policymakers' process of creating sustainable development policies
Common Discrepancies in Letter of Credit: Experience from Selected Banks in Bangladesh
No full textLetter of Credit (LC) opening banks receive transport and other documents from the LC issuing Bank through banking channels. Upon receiving the information, bankers scrutinize the documents to determine if there is a deviation or discrepancy per the previously agreed terms and conditions. Based on the primary data from this study, forty-two discrepancies were identified. The discrepancies were grouped into four categories based on their nature. These are missing information, mismatched information, and non-submission of documents. The data were analyzed using the R Program and visualized with ggplot2. The study reveals that the most common discrepancy is mismatched information in warranty certificates. Most of the cases have only one discrepancy. The study also identified potential outliers, such as mismatched information in Currency, quality assurance certificate, and country of origin. Regression analysis shows that there is no significant relationship between the values of LC and the number of discrepancies.
Understanding the Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Competitiveness through Porter's Models
No full textToday, when it is a luxury not to be involved in globalisation and information integration processes, countries and companies are trying to operate in an extremely competitive environment. In this environment, while states attach importance to national competitive advantage, companies prefer foreign direct investments to ensure their corporate sustainability in internationalisation processes. As mentioned in Porter's models, the motivations of foreign direct investments can be differentiated in multiple layers. Various variables play a major role in this differentiation. The difference is due to the competitiveness that has been in mankind since the existence of mankind. It is stated that competitiveness is not only an economic but also a social and environmental indicator. In the study, after a detailed literature review, the relationship between FDI and competitiveness was analysed in the light of Porter's five-tier models, namely the diamond model at the national level, the 5 forces model at the sector level, the 4 corners model (main competitor analysis) at the sector level, the value chain at the company level, and generic strategies at the product service level. For the empirical verification of the study, 61 countries from 6 continents were identified based on secondary data and the relationship between outward FDI and competitiveness was investigated. The results of the statistical analyses subject to the conceptual model are discussed and the contributions of the study are mentioned. Finally, the limitations of the study and the subject of further research are stated