Theory and Practice of Forensic Science (E-Journal) / Теория и практика судебной экспертизы
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    681 research outputs found

    Комплексная судебная психолого-лингвистическая экспертиза: формы, виды, перспективы развития

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    The authors outline four key stages in the establishment and development of integrated psycholinguistic analysis within the system of forensic science organizations of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation. The first is associated with the period when psychological and linguistic evaluation first emerged and started to develop as new branches of forensic investigation, accompanied by the launch of new training programs, and accumulation of practical experience. The second stage was marked by the establishment of new objects and subject of investigation in forensic psychology (information materials and their intentionality), as well as integrated psycholinguistic evaluation. The third stage is identified by the improvement of forensic methodology for integrated evaluations, establishment of specialized departments tasked with tackling extremism related casework, modernization of forensic education and training programs, and introduction of new types of integrated psycholinguistic evaluations. The fourth stage is that of further evolution of psycholinguistic analysis, mutual integration of special knowledge in psychology and linguistics and its application, and expansion of the variety of objects and objectives that require a multidisciplinary approach. Consolidated overview of practices in integrated forensic psycholinguistic analysis covers the period 2014–2016.Выделены четыре основных этапа становления и развития комплексной психолого- лингвистической экспертизы в системе судебно-экспертных учреждений Минюста России. Первый связан с возникновением и становлением психологической и лингвистической экспертиз как новых родов судебной экспертизы, разработкой программ подготовки экспертов, накоплением экспертного опыта. Второй этап – это появление новых объектов и предмета исследования в психологической экспертизе (информационные материалы и их направленность) и комплексных психолого-лингвистических исследований. Третий этап – совершенствование методического обеспечения для производства комплексных исследований, формирование специализированных подразделений по делам, связанным с проявлением экстремизма, модернизация программ подготовки экспертов, появление новых видов комплексных психолого-лингвистических исследований. Четвертый этап – дальнейшее развитие психолого-лингвистической экспертизы, интеграция специальных психологических и лингвистических знаний и их применения, увеличение числа объектов и задач, требующих комплексного подхода. Приводятся результаты обобщения экспертной практики по комплексным психолого- лингвистическим экспертизам за 2014–2016 гг

    Негативная информация: утверждение о факте или выражение мнения?

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    The paper explores the key problems of establishing the type of negative information and differentiating between facts and opinions. This is one of the most challenging problems of forensic linguistics that requires a robust methodological framework to be tackled successfully. When faced with this problem, the expert has to deal with the ambiguity of terminology and wording of questions, as well as the complexity of the object of study – the semantics of statements encountered in acts of speech. The paper analyzes the content of key terms traditionally used to address this forensic problem, and offers a possible solution. The so-called “factual square” is a method based on analyzing a statement against four semantic parameters: presence of statement of past action; verifiability of this statement on the basis of specificity of description of the action and its potential observability; lack of alternative, i.e. indication of a different possibility; the purpose of conveying negative information. The paper also analyzes the basic types of factual information and offers specific examples of semantic analysis of statements using the proposed approach

    Новые публикации по судебной экспертизе

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    This section presents translated abstracts of selected papers that appeared in the following periodicals: Journal of Forensic Sciences (JFS), Volume 61, Issues 1–4, 2016 (American Academy of Forensic Sciences – AAFS), published by Wiley (USA), [available online at: www. onlinelibrary.wiley.com]; Science & Justice, Volume 56, Issue 1, 2016 (journal of the Chartered Society of Forensic Scientists), published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd [contents lists available at: www.sciencedirect.com; journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/scijus].Представлены переводы рефератов избранных статей, опубликованных в периодических изданиях: Journal of Forensic Sciences (JFS), том 61, №№ 1–4 за 2016 г. (American Academy of Forensic Sciences – AAFS) издательства Wiley (США), [см. содержание номеров на сайте: www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com]; Science & Justice, том 56, № 1 за 2016 г. издательства Elsevier Ireland Ltd [см. содержание номеров на сайте: www.sciencedirect. com, веб-страница журнала: www.elsevier.com/locate/scijus]

    Глобализация и многополярный мир в аспекте судебно-экспертной деятельности

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    The article considers the trends of improving forensic practice to match the current realities of criminal procedure. It raises issues of international cooperation in terms of forensic support in criminal investigations, including communication and sharing of forensic information. The premises for strengthening international forensic cooperation are outlined, such as globalization in all spheres of human activity, advances in science and technology, including the rapid development of means of communication, and growth in transnational organized crime.Рассматриваются тенденции совершенствования судебно-экспертной деятельности применительно к реалиям современного уголовного процесса. Поднимается проблема международного сотрудничества в сфере судебно-экспертной деятельности по уголовным делам, включая информационное взаимодействие и обмен криминалистической информацией. Обозначены причины, вызвавшие активизацию международного судебно-экспертного сотрудничества, такие как глобализация всех сфер человеческой деятельности, научно-технических прогресс, включающий стремительное развитие средств коммуникации и рост транснациональной организованной преступности

    Судебные экспертизы в деятельности Международного уголовного трибунала по бывшей Югославии

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    The article deals with the experience of engaging forensic experts of different countries for the investigation and prosecution of violations of humanitarian law and other international crimes committed in the former Yugoslavia during the ethnic conflict. The features of the work of international forensic teams at the scene examination, investigation of physical evidence, and provides information about the use of the forensic experts in the activities of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia is analyzed. Used transcripts of court hearings, expert opinions, reports and other official documents of the Tribunal, the UN documents, Russian and foreign press and scientific publications.Статья рассматривает опыт привлечения судебных экспертов разных государств для расследования и судебного разбирательства нарушений гуманитарного права и других преступлений международного характера, совершенных на территории бывшей Югославии во время межнациональных конфликтов. Анализируются особенности работы международных судебно-экспертных команд при осмотрах мест происшествий и исследовании вещественных доказательств. Приводится информация об использовании заключений судебных экспертов в работе Международного уголовного трибунала по бывшей Югославии. При подготовке статьи использованы официальные документы Трибунала, стенограммы судебных заседаний, заключения экспертов, документы ООН, российская и зарубежная пресса и научные публикации

    Перспективы использования концепции «шести сигм» в менеджменте качества судебно-экспертной деятельности: «за» и «против»

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    The article analyzes modern trends in the development of forensic activities. The author notes that under conditions of constant growth of the number of expert tasks and increase their complexity, we developed the objective prerequisites for the introduction in the forensic activities of the quality management system. Special attention is paid to analysis of the most modern concepts of quality management are “six sigma”, revealed its content, the author briefly describes the history and implementation of management practices foreign forensic laboratories. The possibilities of this approach to ensure comparability of results of monitoring various indicators of quality. The author notes that this method of management of the organization is an important mechanism in ensuring economical production, which is important for forensic organizations in the current economic conditions. The strengths and weaknesses of the application of this concept in forensic science, and proposes options for its integration with traditional methods of quality management

    История и современное состояние экспертных исследований экстремистских материалов

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    The paper looks at the history and current state of forensic analysis of the content and intentionality of contentious (extremist) materials. It discusses different approaches based in linguistics, psychology, and social sciences/humanities, as well as issues relating to integrated forensic psycholinguistic analysis. Techniques and methodological recommendations described in the paper were developed by the experts of the Research Institute for Law and Order of the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation, various national forensic organizations, such as the Russian Federal Center of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, the Forensic Science Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, forensic divisions of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, and members of the scientific community. Generic methodologies (linguistic and psycholinguistic) proposed by government agency specialists for the forensic evaluation of extremism manifestations are discussed, including the level of methodological sophistication, and the problem of methodological harmonization in this field of forensics

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    Theory and Practice of Forensic Science (E-Journal) / Теория и практика судебной экспертизы
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