Tind Technologies (Norway)
Hes-so: ArODES Open Archive (University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland / Haute école spécialisée de Suisse occidentale / FH Westschweiz)Not a member yet
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User-centric eXplainable AI criteria for implementing AI-based denoising in PET/CT
No full textIntroduction: The clinical adoption of AI-based denoising in PET/CT relies on the development of transparent and trustworthy tools that align with the radiographers' needs and support integration into routine practice. This study aims to determine the key characteristics of an eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)/tool aligning the radiographers' needs to facilitate the clinical adoption of AI-based denoising algorithm in PET/CT. Methods: Two focus groups were organised, involving ten voluntary participants recruited from nuclear medicine departments from Western-Switzerland, forming a convenience sample of radiographers. Two different scenarios, matching or mismatching the ground truth were used to identify their needs and the questions they would like to ask to understand the AI-denoising algorithm. Additionally, the characteristics that an XAI tool should possess to best meet their needs were investigated. Content analysis was performed following the three steps outlined by Wanlin. Ethics cleared the study. Results: Ten radiographers (aged 31-60y) identified two levels of explanation: (1) simple, global explanations with numerical confidence levels for rapid understanding in routine settings; (2) detailed, case-specific explanations using mixed formats where necessary, depending on the clinical situation and users to build confidence and support decision-making. Key questions include the functions of the algorithm (‘what’), the clinical context (‘when’) and the dependency of the results (‘how’). An effective XAI tool should be easy, adaptable, user-friendly and not disruptive to workflows. Conclusion: Radiographers need two levels of explanation from XAI tools: global summaries that preserve workflow efficiency and detailed, case-specific insights when needed. Meeting these needs is key to fostering trust, understanding, and integration of AI-based denoising in PET/CT. Implications for practice: Implementing adaptive XAI tools tailored to radiographers’ needs can support clinical workflows and accelerate the adoption of AI in PET/CT imaging
Le genre dans l'accueil et l'éducation des jeunes enfants ::une question à la fois "forte et discrète" : entretien avec Geneviève Cresson
No full textGeneviève Cresson, sociologue retraitée, était professeure de sociologie à l'Université de Lille. Elle continue de mener des recherches au Clersé (Centre lillois d'études et de recherches sociologiques et économiques) avec François-Xavier Devetter sur les conditions de travail des assistantes maternelles. Ses travaux portent sur la famille, la santé, le genre et la petite enfance. G. Cresson a contribué à faire connaitre et à problématiser la place du genre dans les métiers de la petite enfance. Dans cet entretien, elle revient sur quelques constats tirés de ses enquêtes
Is intergroup contact desired by migrants ? ::the case of unaccompanied minors in Switzerland
No full textIntergroup contact has been shown to reduce prejudice and promote positive relationships between members of different groups, as in the case of the integration of migrants. Nevertheless, extant research has not explored the crucial question of whether members of the migrant group express a desire for contact with the host group. To explore this question, we collected and collated a rare set of data to create a substantial corpus of semi-structured interviews conducted with a specific migrant group, namely unaccompanied minors (UAMs) residing in Switzerland (N = 49). Qualitative analysis revealed UAMs' strong desire for intergroup contact. We identified four reasons for this desire for contact: bonding, support, knowledge and identity enhancement; and five barriers to contact: language, intercultural differences, network impermeability, mismatch and individual characteristics. These dimensions are discussed as avenues that may help facilitate the emergence of intergroup contact, contact whose positive potential is known
Fiche d’information ::indicateur de qualité médical « Revue de la médication » pour les soins stationnaires de longue durée
No full textLooking back and looking forward’—Insights into the 20th European Doctoral Conference in Nursing Science (EDCNS)
No full textBackground: The European Doctoral Conference in Nursing Science provides a unique platform for doctoral students in nursing and health sciences to present their research in a supportive environment. Celebrating its 20th anniversary, the 2024 conference embraced
the motto “looking back and looking forward,” offering an opportunity to reflect on the development of nursing science and future challenges. Results: Held at the Medical University of Graz, Austria, the conference hosted 90 participants from 13 countries. It featured
two keynote lectures, three workshops, 48 presentations, and a science slam. Abstract submissions
underwent peer review to ensure the quality of presentations. The presentations highlighted key challenges and opportunities across nursing practice, healthcare work environments, education and digitalization in nursing, and health perspectives. Topics
included, for example, workforce retention, artificial intelligence in nursing practice, leadership
in error management, and culturally sensitive care. The keynotes emphasized the importance of patient and public involvement in research and the benefits of survey data in nursing science. Workshops imparted knowledge and skills regarding funding acquisition,
guideline development, and effective research presentation. A science slam introduced
innovative and creative ways to present research. Conclusions: The conference showcased
the evolving landscape of nursing science, emphasizing the importance of evidence-based practice, supportive working conditions, and constructive collaboration. It demonstrated the enthusiasm and readiness of a new generation of researchers to advance nursing science
in a rapidly changing healthcare environment
Connect & correlate
No full textSocio-spatial fragmentation is the norm for urban landscapes worldwide, consisting of unconnected spatial bits and pieces an disparate communities. In Europe, an old city centre is easily juxtapoed with abandoned industry, a gleaming business district, densely populated skyscrapers, and agricultural land. To avoid socio-spatial polarisation, urban porosity is the basis for tolerance. The projects in this chapter aim to design spatial connections and correlate hitherto unconnected urban fragments for different user groups, such as the Voca de la Mina Promenade in Reus, Spain, and the Claypits in Glasgow, UK
Mechanochemical nitration of arenes and alcohols using a bench-stable organic nitrating reagent
No full textThe installation of a nitro group, essential for synthesizing valuable nitrated compounds, is traditionally associated with harsh reaction conditions, hazardous reagents, and significant environmental concerns. Recent advancements in sustainable nitration methodologies have led to the development of environmentally benign, mild, and non-acidic nitrating reagents, which are often derived from an organic scaffold and can be recycled after the completion of the process. In this study, we demonstrate the practical application of saccharin-derived reagents in mechanochemical electrophilic nitration, utilizing vibratory ball milling under LAG (Liquid-Assisted Grinding) conditions to efficiently functionalize a wide array of alcohols and arenes. This method decreases solvent usage while preserving high selectivity and reactivity, enhancing green chemistry metrics, and fostering greater sustainability in nitration protocols
The effect of supplemented formula on the infant gut microbiota using in vitro fermentation
No full textAre there infinitely many trucks in the technosphere, or exactly one? How independent sampling of instances of unit processes affects uncertainty analysis in LCA
No full textProduct systems use the same unit process models to represent distinct but similar activities. This notably applies to activities in cyclic dependency relationships (or “feedback loops”) that are required an infinite number of times in a product system. The study aims to test the sensitivity of uncertainty results on the assumption made concerning these different instances of the same activities. The default assumption assumes homogeneous production, and the same parameter values are sampled for all instances (e.g., there is one truck). The alternative assumption is that every instance is distinct, and parameter values are independently sampled for different instances of unit processes (e.g., there are infinitely many trucks). Intuitively, sampling the same values for each instance of a unit process should result in more uncertain results. The results of uncertainty analyses carried out under either assumption are compared. To simulate models where each instance of a unit process is independent, we convert network models to acyclic LCI models (tree models). This is done three times: (1) for a very simple product system, to explain the methodology; (2) for a sample product system from the ecoinvent database, for illustrative purposes; and (3) for thousands of product systems from ecoinvent databases. The uncertainty of network models is indeed greater than that of corresponding tree models. This is shown mathematically for the analytical approximation method to uncertainty propagation and is observed for Monte Carlo simulations with very large numbers of iterations. However, the magnitude of the difference in indicators of dispersion is, for the ecoinvent product systems, often less than a factor of 1.5. In few extreme cases, indicators of dispersion are different by a factor of 4. Monte Carlo simulations with smaller numbers of iterations sometimes give the opposite result. Given the small magnitude of the difference, we believe that breaking away from the default approach is generally not warranted. Indeed, (1) the alternative approach is not more robust, (2) the current default approach is conservative, and (3) there are more pressing challenges for the LCA community to meet. This being said, the study focused on ecoinvent, which should normally be used as a background database. The difference in dispersion between the two approaches may be important in some contexts, and calculating the uncertainty of tree models as a sensitivity analysis could be useful
Comparative life cycle analysis of electrolyzer technologies for hydrogen production ::manufacturing and operations
No full textThis study conducts a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) of four electrolyzer technologies: alkaline electrolyzer (AEL), proton-exchange membrane (PEM), anion-exchange membrane (AEM), and solid oxide electrolyzer (SOE). It evaluates their environmental impacts across four main categories: climate change (CC), human health (HH), ecosystem quality (EQ), and abiotic stock resources (ASRs). In order to highlight the critical raw materials (CRMs) used in their manufacturing processes, the research identifies potential material replacements and reveals distinct environmental impacts associated with material choices, such as steel in AEL and AEM, platinum in PEM, and nickel in both SOE and AEL. Additionally, we examine the integration of diverse electrolyzer technologies under various scenarios of renewable electricity sources. Together with a sensitivity analysis of regional electricity mixes and the degradation of stacks across different years, the study provides insights into significant opportunities for performance enhancements in emerging electrolyzer technologies