Tind Technologies (Norway)
Hes-so: ArODES Open Archive (University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland / Haute école spécialisée de Suisse occidentale / FH Westschweiz)Not a member yet
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The smart home, a true home? How new technologies disrupt the experience of home for older persons
No full textSmart home technologies (SHTs) can support older persons to age in place. However, adoption of SHTs remains low among this population. A reason for this is that they are not accustomed to having a home that is technologically enhanced. In this article, we focus on the older persons’ lived experience of “home” and show how SHTs potentially disrupt it. In consulting the currently available literature, both theoretical and empirical, we propose and use the concept of somatic capability assessment (SCA) in the discussion surrounding the design of SHTs for older persons. First, we propose SCA as a concept to grasp how humans take decisions while relying on their physical body, undisturbed by suggestions from technologies. Furthermore, we show that SCA functions best in a familiar and private environment—the home. SHTs have the potential to make the home seem unfamiliar and exposed, precisely through added data and the resulting suggestions, as we show through related empirical studies. Thus, SHTs hold an increased disruptive potential for older persons at home. By introducing SCA into the discussion of SHTs for older persons, and thus paying attention on how SHTs potentially disrupt the experience of home, further advances the ethical discussion on the adequate use and design of technologies in daily life, especially for the group of older persons. Our analysis offers important insights for the design and implementation processes of SHTs for older persons
Breadcrumbs ::a rich mobility dataset with point-of-interest annotations
No full textRich human mobility datasets are fundamental for evaluating algorithms pertaining to geographic information systems. Unfortunately, existing mobility datasets--that are available to the research community--are restricted to location data captured through a single sensor (typically GPS) and have a low spatiotemporal granularity. They also lack ground-truth data regarding points of interest and the associated semantic labels (e.g., "home", "work", etc.). In this paper, we present Breadcrumbs, a rich mobility dataset collected from multiple sensors (incl. GPS, GSM, WiFi, Bluetooth) on the smartphones of 81 individuals. In addition to sensor data, Breadcrumbs contains ground-truth data regarding people points of interest (incl. semantic labels) as well as demographic attributes, contact records, calendar events, lifestyle information, and social relationship labels between the participants of the study. We describe the data collection methodology and present a preliminary quantitative analysis of the dataset. A sanitized version of the dataset as well as the source code will be made available to the research community
Throughput ::a key performance measure of content-defined chunking algorithms
No full textData deduplication techniques are often used by cloud storage systems to reduce network bandwidth and storage requirements. As a consequence, the current research literature tends to focus most of its algorithmic efforts on improving the Duplicate Elimination Ratio (DER), which reflects the compression achieved using a given algorithm. Yet, the importance of this indicator tends to be overestimated, while another key indicator, namely throughput, tends to be underestimated. To substantiate this claim, we reimplement a selection of popular Content-Defined Chunking algorithms (CDC) and perform a detailed performance analysis. On this basis, we show that the gain brought by algorithms that are aggressively focusing on DER often come at a significant cost in terms of throughput. As a consequence, we advocate for future optimizations taking throughput into account and for making balanced tradeoffs between DER and throughput
Association between the EAT-Lancet Diet, Incidence of Cardiovascular Events, and All-cause Mortality ::results from a Swiss Cohort
No full textBackground : An unhealthy diet is a major contributor to several noncommunicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD), the leading cause of death worldwide. Additionally, our food system has significant impacts on the environment. The EAT-Lancet Commission has recommended a healthy diet that preserves global environmental resources. Objective : This prospective study evaluated the associations between adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and the incidence of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in a Swiss cohort. Methods : We analyzed data from the CoLaus|PsyCoLaus cohort study (n = 3,866). Dietary intake was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The EAT-Lancet adherence score was calculated based on the recommended intake and reference intervals of 12 food components, ranging from 0 to 39 points. Participants were categorized into low-, medium-, and high-adherence groups according to score tertiles. We used Cox Proportional Hazards regressions to assess the association between diet adherence, incident cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Results : During a mean follow-up of 7.9 years (SD, ±2.0), 294 individuals (7.6%) from our initial sample experienced a first cardiovascular event, and 264 (6.8%) died. Compared with the low-adherence group, the adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause mortality were 0.88 (95% CI: 0.66–1.17) and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.49–0.98) for the medium- and high-adherence groups, respectively (p for trend = 0.04). We observed no association between adherence groups and cardiovascular events. Conclusions : In a Swiss cohort, high adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet was associated with a potential 30% lower risk of overall mortality. However, no association was found between the EAT-Lancet diet and cardiovascular events
Comment réussir l’internationalisation des produits de terroir à l’ère actuelle ? ::regard sur les filières d’huile d’olive tunisienne et du fromage de la Tête de moine AOP suisse
No full textLa mondialisation et la crise sanitaire ont soumis les produits de terroir et leur expansion à l'étranger à des défis significatifs. Bien que ces produits soient souvent loués pour leur qualité,
ils ne semblent pas garantir automatiquement le succès sur la scène internationale. La présente étude propose une analyse approfondie des orientations stratégiques associées à l'exportation des produits de terroir. À cette fin, une étude qualitative exploratoire a été menée auprès des acteurs de deux secteurs spécifiques, à savoir l'huile d'olive tunisienne et la Tête de Moine AOP suisse. Cette analyse repose sur la théorie des ressources RBV de Barney (1991), complétée par l'avantage concurrentiel lié au territoire. Les résultats de cette étude intersectorielle mettent en lumière des divergences au niveau des couples ressources et capacités dans les activités d'exportation des deux filières. Par ailleurs, l'avantage territorial se manifeste de manière plus marquée au sein de la filière Tête de Moine AOP, tandis qu'il est moins prononcé dans le domaine oléicole. Ces disparités dans les trajectoires d'exportation offrent des pistes significatives pour des recommandations managériales adaptées aux deux filières, en tirant parti de manière synergique des avantages spécifiques au terroir
Individualization of piperacillin dosage based on therapeutic drug monitoring with or without model-informed precision dosing ::a scenario analysis
No full textBackground : Model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) combines population pharmacokinetic knowledge with therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to optimize dosage adjustment. It could improve target concentration attainment over empirical TDM, still widely practised for broad-spectrum antibiotics. Objectives : To evaluate the respective performance of TDM and MIPD in achieving target piperacillin exposure. Methods : Measurements from 80 courses of intermittent piperacillin infusions, each with two TDM samples, were retrospectively submitted to our MIPD software TUCUXI. We considered six dosage adjustment strategies: identical dosage for all (4000 mg q8h), actual initial dosage (chart-based), actual empirical adjustment following first TDM, a priori MIPD-based dosage, a posteriori MIPD-based adjustment after first TDM and MIPD including both TDM measurements. Dosing strategies were compared regarding daily dosage, trough levels distribution and PTA (with target trough 8–32 mg/L). Results : Median trough concentration fell within 8–32 mg/L for all strategies except a priori MIPD-based dosage (42 mg/L). Distributions of trough concentrations predicted with the six dosage adjustment strategies showed significant differences, with both a posteriori MIPD-based strategies best reducing their standard deviation (P < 0.001). PTA of 32%, 32%, 55%, 29%, 83% and 94% were estimated, respectively for the six strategies (P < 0.001). Poor performance of a priori MIPD-based dosage did not hinder a posteriori MIPD-based strategies from significantly improving target attainment. Conclusions : Whilst empirical TDM improves exposure standardization and target attainment compared with no TDM, MIPD can still bring further improvement. Prospective trials remain warranted to confirm MIPD benefits not only on target attainment but also on clinical endpoints
Development of an artificial intelligence-based algorithm for predicting the severity of myxomatous mitral valve disease from thoracic radiographs by using two grading systems
No full textA heart-convolutional neural network (heart-CNN) was designed and tested for the automatic classification of chest radiographs in dogs affected by myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) at different stages of disease severity. A retrospective and multicenter study was conducted. Lateral radiographs of dogs with concomitant X-ray and echocardiographic examination were selected from the internal databases of two institutions. Dogs were classified as healthy, B1, B2, C and D, based on American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) guidelines, and as healthy, mild, moderate, severe and late stage, based on Mitral INsufficiency Echocardiographic (MINE) score. Heart-CNN performance was evaluated using confusion matrices, receiver operating characteristic curves, and t-SNE and UMAP analysis. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.88, 0.88, 0.79, 0.89 and 0.84 for healthy and ACVIM stage B1, B2, C and D, respectively. According to the MINE score, the AUC was 0.90, 0.86, 0.71, 0.82 and 0.82 for healthy, mild, moderate, severe and late stage, respectively. The developed algorithm showed good accuracy in predicting MMVD stages based on both classification systems, proving a potentially useful tool in the early diagnosis of canine MMVD
Non-take-up as a social experience ::towards a typology of not claiming social benefits
No full textNon-take-up of financial social benefits is a prominent issue for contemporary welfare states, and studies exploring its causes have proliferated recently. However, most analyses are based on an “incapacity framework” or refer to a “rational choice model”, which makes it difficult to access the meaning that people attach to non-take-up. Based on qualitative research on the non‑take‑up of financial benefits by families living in Geneva, Switzerland, this paper proposes to explore this meaning by considering non-take-up as a social experience situated at the intersection of different logics of action: integration, strategy and subjectivation. This approach enables us to grasp how social inequalities, stigmatisation and discrimination – as structural explanations for non-take-up theorised separately in the literature – together help to shape different meanings of non-take-up. More precisely, we identify four meanings of not claiming social benefits in the narratives of the people interviewed, which are captured through four figures: Non-take-up as a means to combat social exclusion (Mr. Breadwinner); non-take-up as a consequence of the inadequacy of social policies (the Single Mother); non-take-up as part of an intergenerational integration project (the Migrant Worker); and non-take-up as an ethical stance (the Ethical Intellectual)
Non-recours aux droits sociaux ::peut-on parler de « phobie » ?
No full textTerme utilisé pour décrire des situations dans lesquelles des personnes ne bénéficient pas de prestations sociales ou de services auxquels elles ont droit, le non-recours est aujourd’hui un sujet de préoccupation dans la plupart des pays européens
Suspicion and surveillance
No full textIn this article we focus on contemporary processes of social differentiation and exclusion at the intersection of migration policy and welfare governance. The keyword pair looks at bureaucratic practices, their justifications, and their consequences for non-citizen subjects’ paths and moves on to theorise about the permeation of these practices into society. We discuss the effects of the suspicion-surveillance nexus on the observed body and mind and how they operate in support of increasingly intrusive practices. Rather than debating the legality of such practices and the inequalities and power relations they imply, we focus on the possibilities of control as discourses become technologised