ISBS (International Society of Biomechanics in Sports): Conference Proceedings Archive
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ANALYSIS OF CERVICAL SPINE LOADING IN RUGBY SCRUMMAGING: A COMPUTER SIMULATION APPROACH
Get PDFMusculoskeletal modelling is widely used in biomechanics for the analysis and simulation of human motion. A modelling approach allows estimates of the internal load on specific anatomical structures, and the individual muscle forces that govern movement execution. Within the analysis of impact events in rugby union, modelling can help the understanding of the mechanisms of acute and chronic cervical spine injuries, starting from experimental measures of external load on the player, and progressing to the estimation of stresses acting on the internal cervical structures. During this part of the applied session, we will use a novel musculoskeletal model and previously collected experimental data (forces and kinematics) to analyse the cervical spine loading experienced during a rugby scrum. An open-source biomechanical software (OpenSim 3.2) will be used to set up and run inverse and forward dynamics pipelines to calculate joint moments and joint reaction forces, and to analyse “what if…” scenarios
VIRTUAL REALITY & SPORT
Get PDFThis applied session deals with the design of immersive environments for human motion performance analysis. In a first part of the session, a theoretical presentation describes the aims and scopes of such type of experiments. In a second part of the session, a review of the available immersive systems will be exposed. Finally, a practical framework will be designed in real-time with the attendees: a low-cost immersive environment based on a Microsoft Kinect, a Razer Hydra and an Oculus Rift Head Mounted Display device. We will develop an experiment to analyse perception-action coupling in soccer with simulated virtual opponents enabling to analyse the decision-making of a real goalkeeper
COACHING RUNNING TECHNIQUE FOR CLOSED AND OPEN SKILL SPORT
Get PDFIt is known running technique should be considered with knowledge of functionality of anatomy and physiology. The principles of variability, specificity and transfer of training should play a central role in instructing running technique. This applied Session demonstrates Using Dynamic systems to implement generic aspects of running: how Japan Rugby was prepared for World Cup 201 5
THE INFLUENCE OF ARCH SUPPORT INSOLE ON BASKETBALL JUMP SHOT
Get PDFThe purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of arch support insole on jump shot scored percentage and kinetics. Eleven females Division I basketball participated in this study. They performed the jump shots until 5 shots were scored in arch support insoles and flat insoles. Kinematic data were collected with a motion analysis system (Motion Analysis Corporation, Santa Rosa, CA, USA) at 200-Hz sampling rate. Kinetic data were collected with two AMTl force platforms (AMTI Inc., Watertown, MA, USA) at 2000-Hz sampling rate. Non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare differences between arch support insole and flat insole on variables. No difference was found on jump shot scored percentage, jump height, peak ground reaction force, time to peak force and rate of force development. Wearing arch supporting insole did not influence the jump shot scored percentage and kinetics during jump shot
EFFECTS OF ROPE LENGTHS ON JUMP CYCLE DURING SKIPPING
Get PDFThis study determined the effects of different jump-rope lengths on jump cycles while skipping rope. Twelve college students performed the basic jump using three ropes of differing lengths (1.30, 1.39, and 1.48 times their height; short, middle, and long rope, respectively). Cycle time, contact time, and take off time were measured using a switch mat, and coefficient variations (CVs) during 50 consecutive skips were calculated. Cycle time rapidly increased along with take off time when exceeding the middle length of rope (P < 0.05). Also, significant correlations were observed between take off time and its CV for short and middle rope conditions (both P c 0.05). Thus, results suggested that the long rope could lead to longer take off time (higher jump), and stable jumping would be achieved by higher jumping when using the middle or short rope
FUNCTIONS OF EACH LOWER LIMB SEGMENTS DURING REBOUND JUMPING TAKEOFF
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to examine the functions of various leg components during takeoff in rebound jumping in terms of the relative impulse and accelerabon force of each leg component The test subjects were 23 male student athletes. The experimental attempts consisted of hnno sets of tive consecutive rebound jumps, where the subjective degree of efibrt varied among six levels, loo%, 90%, 80%, 60%, 45%, and 30%, which were applied in rand om order. The focus was on the relative jump height in the derived junp height results. The funetion of the leg mpbnents during rebund jumping was examined, and the attempts involving relative jump heights near 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% were analyzed. The resub s W dth at during rebaund jumping takeoffs, the foot mttibuted significantly to achieving the jump height. The foot was responsible for accelerating the upper body in the initial stage of takeoff, whereas that role was taken over by the leg in the middle, and in the second half of the process, the foot once again assumed that role, irrespedrve of the relative jump heigh
THE EFFECTS OF EXTERNAL LOAD ON LOWER EXTREMiTY ELECTROMYOGRAPHY AMPLITUDE DURING COUNTERMOVEMENT JUMP
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different loads on the mean electromyography (EMG) amplitude of the gluteus maximus, biceps fernoris, vastus medialis, gastrocnemius, soleus, and tibialis anterior during the deceleration phase and the acceleration phase of the countermovement jumps (CMJ). Ten male physical education students performed different CMJs with and without an external load (0,2.5,5.0, 7.5, or 10.0 kg hold in arms). The results s h o w the amplitude of the gluteus maximus with load of 7.5 kg was higher than with load of 2.5 kg during the deceleration phase (p < .05), and the amplitude of the soleus with load of 10.0 kg was higher than with load of 2.5 kg during the acceleration phase (p < .05). It indicated that the activities of lower limb muscles were not influenced by the relative lower of external loading during CMJ
EFFECTS ON POSTURAL CONSTRAINTS ON OVERARM THROWING
Get PDFThis study explored the effects of postural constraints on overarm throwing. 10 participants were required to perform an overarm throwing movement by 3 tasks which under postural constraints. Tasks were including trunk-fixed, sitting, and standing. 10 pieces of 3D motion capture system were used to record the maximum velocity of body segments as data and one-way repeated measures ANOVA (a=.05) with HSD post-hoc tests was conducted to analysis the data. Therefore, the results indicated that the performance of overarm throwing by 3 tasks were different significantly, which proved the kinetic chain formed by links connected in series gave body segments more velocities. Moreover, it meat trunk and lower limbs played the roles to transport velocity as performing overarm throwing
7-WEEKS OF YOGA TRAINING AND ITS EFFECTS ON FLEXIBILITY AND RATE OF FORCE DEVELOPMENT IN OLYMPIC WEIGHTLIFTERS
Get PDFPre- and post-testing was performed consisting of flexibility and rate of force development (RFD) measurements. Participants performed a sit and reach test followed by a loaded overhead squat test with a barbell that was recorded with video to assess joint angles. A countermovement jump and snatch were performed after to measure RFD. Afterwards the participants were split, with the experimental group receiving 7-weeks of yoga training. After 7-weeks participants returned for post-testing and there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) within participants for the following variables: sit and reach, shoulder flexion, knee flexion, ankle flexion, countermovement jump RFD, and snatch RFD. There was no significant interaction between the prelpost-test and the condition, or between groups for any variable (p r 0.05). Yoga training does not alter weightlifting performance variables
HOP llMlNG OF SPLlT STEP AND KINETICS ANALYSIS OF LOWER EXTREMITIES IN BADMINTON START FOOTWORK
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to compare the split timing, and lower extremity kinetics of badminton players during push-off steps in six directions. Eight collegiate elite male badminton players received the random shot from an opponent in one of six directions. Result: Hop timing was 0.014-0.037 sec after the opponent struck the shuttlecock. The leg that was opposite the movement direction showed significantly greater tower extremity horizontal push-off force than the other leg did. Conclusion: The hop timing of split step simultaneous with the opponent striking the shuttlecock. The leg opposite the movement direction was the main push leg. When lower extremities exhibit the correct pushing direction and reach the peak push off force within 0.3 sec after the opponent strikes the shuttlecock, players should have more effective return in badminton