ISBS (International Society of Biomechanics in Sports): Conference Proceedings Archive
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COMPARISON OF MAXIMAL PASSIVE HALLUX DORSIFLEXION WITH MIDFOOT MOMENT IN PUSH OFF PHASE DURING GAIT
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to relate 1st metatarsophalangeal (1MTP) joint stiffness caused by maximal passive hallux dorsiflexion with midfoot moment in the push off phase during gait. Hallux dorsiflexion and 1MTP joint stiffness was measured using a hallux dynamometer, while participants (n = 8) were relaxed in a purpose-built chair. Motion capture and kinetic data was collected during chair and gait measurements. Mean stiffness, calculated over the 1MTP joint range of motion of 0.04, 0.029 and 0.041 Nm/deg (ankle in maximal dorsiflexion, 90 deg and maximal plantar flexion respectively) was found. A regression analysis between timing of maximal midfoot sagittal plane moment in gait indicated that up to 60% of the variance in timing of the midfoot sagittal plane moment was explained by the mean stiffness of the 1MTP joint
CHANGES IN HIP FORCE VECTOR AFTER ATHLETIC GROIN PAIN REHABILITATION DURING A RUNNING CUT
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to examine changes in hip force vectors after successful athletic groin pain rehabilitation. Forty athletes with athletic groin pain that underwent a rehabilitation intervention participated in this study. Hip force magnitude, direction and their combination were examined using a continuous waveform analysis. Hip posterior and medial force at the start and end of the movement decreased following rehabilitation, while superior forces increased (over most of the movement cycle). Findings suggest that athletes with groin pain benefit from a rehabilitation intervention that decreases posterior and medial hip joint forces
THE EFFECT OF BIOMECHANICALLY FOCUSED INJURY PREVENTION TRAINING ON REDUCING ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURY RISK AMONG FEMALE COMMUNITY LEVEL ATHLETES
Get PDFThis study investigated changes in biomechanical risk factors following a 9-week body-weight based training intervention focused on the dynamic control of the hip/trunk. Peak knee moments and lower limb muscle activation of female community level athletes (n=18), split into intervention (n=8) and comparison (n=10) groups, were measured during unplanned sidestepping pre/post training. Following the 9-week intervention, total muscle activation of the muscles crossing the knee decreased, which was accompanied by elevated peak knee valgus and internal rotation moments among the comparison group. Increases in peak knee valgus and internal rotation moments were not observed among the training intervention group. In the context of ACL injury risk, these findings suggest that participation in biomechanically focused training may mitigate the potentially deleterious effects of regular community level sport participation
INFLUENCE OF SHORT-TERM GROWTH ON MECHANCIAL RISK INDICATORS IN FEMALE GYMNASTS
Get PDFFemale gymnasts have increased vulnerability to chronic injuries during heightened growth. The study aimed to further understanding of the influence of growth rate and morphological growth rate on mechanical risk indicators over a 12 month period. Biomechanical measurements were taken during the performance of handstand and forward walkover skills at three time points. Bicristal to biacromial ratio measurements informed the division of the gymnasts into ‘high’ and ‘low’ growth groups. Greater mean mechanical risk indicator differences were found when the cohort was divided according to morphological growth rate. Large effects ( >.14) were found between time points for 88% of mechanical risk indicators. The importance of the shape and size of growth, along with the value of longitudinal monitoring of gymnasts was subsequently emphasised
MAGNITUDE AND TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EXTERNAL FORCE PRODUCTION IN THE STARTING BLOCKS: RELATIONSHIP WITH PERFORMANCE
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to investigate magnitude and technical characteristics of external force production in the block phase of the sprint start. Nine male sprinters (100 m PB 10.48 ± 0.28 s) performed five to six maximal effort block starts. External force applied to the front and rear blocks were measured using customised instrumented blocks. Average horizontal, vertical and resultant force, and the angle of the resultant force vector underwent correlational analyses with block performance (normalised average horizontal power). Results revealed that front block average horizontal, vertical and resultant force, and rear block angle of the resultant force vector possessed significant relationships with performance, and highlighted that both magnitude and technical characteristics were related to block performance
INFLUENCE OF EXTERNALLY DAMPING ON IMPACT-INDUCED SOFT TISSUE VIBRATIONS AND MUSCLE RESPONSES IN LANDINGS
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to investigate the changes in activation of the musculoskeletal system in response to soft-tissue vibrations with different compression conditions (externally applied) in a drop-jump landing task. Twelve trained male participants were instructed to perform drop-jump landings from 3 heights in compression shorts (CS) and regular shorts without compression (CC). Externally induced soft-tissue vibration damping, i.e. reduced peak acceleration and increased damping coefficient, was associated with a significant decrease in muscular activity of the rectus femoris and the biceps femoris muscles during drop-jump landing from different heights. Therefore, a greater increase in the damping is associated with a greater decrease in muscle activity
ACUTE EFFECTS OF FOREARM KINESIO TAPING ON MUSCLE STRENGTH AND FATIGUE IN HEALTHY TENNIS PLAYERS
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to explore the acute effects of Kinesio taping (KT) applied over the wrist extensors and flexors on muscle strength and endurance. Fourteen participants completed 50 consecutive maximal concentric wrist extension and flexion repetitions at 60 °/s and 210 °/s in KT, placebo taping, and no taping conditions. There was no significant KT effect on the strength output (peak moment and peak / average power). KT reduced work fatigue and induced an increased regression of torque compared to no taping at 60 °/s. These findings provide preliminary evidences suggesting that KT may not be able to modulate strength production in healthy athletes immediately, but would have a significant positive effect on muscle fatigue resistance during repeated concentric muscle actions
EFFECTS OF FOOTWEAR ON SAGITTAL PLANE KINEMATICS AND CENTRE OF PRESSURE EXCURSION DURING THE BARBELL BACK SQUAT
Get PDFFootwear has been proposed to alter squat performance whereby flat soles may reduce footfloor proprioception and raised heels may decrease joint range of motion. This study aimed to investigate the effects of footwear on centre of pressure excursion (CPE) and sagittal plane kinematics during the back squat. Seven males performed squats during five different footwear conditions (barefoot, weightlifting shoe, running shoe, minimal shoe, flat-soled shoe) while sagittal plane kinematics and CPE were recorded. Results showed no significant difference in CPE between any footwear conditions. Peak knee flexion was significantly greater for running shoes and weightlifting shoes compared to barefoot. Peak shank angle was significantly greater when wearing weightlifting shoes compared to minimal footwear. This suggests footwear which increases heel height may increase peak joint angles to allow for a deeper squat
COMPARISON OF KINEMATIC PARAMETERS OF GAIT IN TRANSFEMORAL AMPUTEES WITH BIONIC AND HYDRAULIC KNEE – CASE STUDY
Get PDFThe development of new technologies has led to further improvements in prosthetic knee joints. The aim of this study was to compare kinematics in knee and hip joints during the gait of transfemoral amputees and to determine the effect of the type of knee joint used (bionic, hydraulic) on their symmetry. One female with transfemoral amputation participated in the study. Symmetry of lower limb movement in the hip joint is better for all monitored parameters for bionic knee joints. Flexion at heel contact and maximum flexion in the swing phase in the knee joint are more symmetrical at hydraulic knee joints; for all other parameters the bionic knee joints achieves better symmetry. Kinematics parameters in bionic knee amputees approximate to the parameters of gait in people without pathology
DEVELOPMENTAL DIFFERENCES OF KINEMATIC AND MUSCULAR ACTIVATION PATTERNS IN INSTEP SOCCER KICK
Get PDFThe aim of the study was to evaluate kinematic and muscular activation differences amongst different age groups of soccer players. Thirty male youth soccer players were divided into 3 groups according to their age (age 12-13; age 14-15; age 16-17). There were significant differences in ball velocities and isokinetic strength values amongst groups. Angular and linear velocities of hip, knee, ankle and toe were also significantly different (